2019版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（课件+试题）（打包5套）新人教版选修8.zip

1Unit 3 Inventors and inventions1 课文与语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。When the writer 1 (call) up her mother in the country on the phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and that they seemed 2 (make) their home there. The writer felt proud and considered 3 a chance for her to distinguish herself by 4 (invent) something 5 would catch snakes but not harm them. She set about 6 (research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be 7 (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not successful. As a result, she had to attempt a 8 (three) time, which helped her fulfill her aim successfully. She was 9 delighted that she was determined to send her 10 (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 2 课文与短文改错根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。Alexander Graham Bell was born on 1847 in Scotland, but when he was young his family moves to Boston. His mother was almost entire deaf, so he became interesting in helping 2deaf people communicate. He found that by press his lips against his mother’s forehead, he could make his mother understand that he was saying. Bell was a inventor all her life. Though he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, but he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions improve the quality of everybody’s life.3 话题知识与写作Ⅰ.根据提示翻译下列句子。1.David 是一个谨慎而成功的商人,他的一项新产品获得了专利。(cautious;patent)2.这项产品很畅销,但是后来他发现这款产品没有达到标准。(criteria)3.他没有气馁,并抓住一切机会改善产品。(improve)4.他希望他的产品能最终经受得住市场的考验。(expect)5.在他的努力下,他获得了巨大的成功,他的收入稳定增长。(stable)6.向他学习,我们每个人都能实现自己的梦想。(祈使句+and+陈述句)Ⅱ.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。3答案精解精析1.课文与语法填空1.called 2.to have made 3.it 4.inventing 5.that 6.researching 7.easily 8.third 9.so10.invention 2.课文与短文改错Alexander Graham Bell was born ① 1847 in Scotland, but when he was young his 𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛 family ② to Boston. His mother was almost ③ deaf, so he became ④𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑦 4in helping deaf people communicate. He found that by ⑤ his lips 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 against his mother’s forehead, he could make his mother understand ⑥ he was saying. 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 Bell was ⑦ inventor all ⑧ life. Though he is most often associated with the 𝑎𝑎𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑖𝑠 invention of the telephone, ⑨but he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions⑩ improve the quality of everybody’s life.∧𝑡𝑜①表示在哪一年使用介词 in。②根据上下文可判断此处应使用一般过去时。 ③修饰形容词 deaf 应使用副词,故将 entire 改为 entirely。 ④此处考查固定搭配 become interested in,意为“变得对……感兴趣”。⑤by 为介词,后面接动名词作宾语。 ⑥此处引导宾语从句并在从句中作 saying 的宾语,需用连接代词 what,that 在名词性从句中不作任何成分。 ⑦inventor 以元音音素开头,故前面需用不定冠词 an。 ⑧由前文的“he”及“his”可知此处改为“his”。⑨though 不能与连词 but 连用,故去掉 but。 ⑩此处考查不定式作后置定语,故在 improve 前加不定式符号 to。3.话题知识与写作Ⅰ.1.David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. 2.This product sold well, but later he found the product didn’t meet the criteria. 3.He didn’t lose heart and seized every chance to improve it. 4.He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. 5.It was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.6.Learn from him and every one of us can achieve/fulfill/accomplish/realize our own dreams.Ⅱ.[参考范文]5David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold well, but later he found the product didn’t meet the criteria. However, he didn’t lose heart and seized every chance to improve it. He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. Eventually, it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.Learn from him and every one of us can achieve/fulfill/accomplish/realize our own dreams.1Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ.阅读理解(2017 重庆育才中学高三入学考试) A machine that takes sweat-laden (浸满汗水的) clothes and turns the sweat into drinking water is in use in Sweden. The machine makes the clothes turn round quickly, heats them to remove the sweat, and then passes the steam through a kind of special material to make purified water. Since it has been brought into use, its creators say more than 1000 people have drunk others’ “sweat” in Gothenburg. They add the liquid is cleaner than local tap water.The device was built for the United Nations’ child-focused charity UNICEF to promote a campaign highlighting the fact that 780 million people in the world lack access to clean water.The machine was designed and built by the engineer Andreas Hammar, known locally for his appearances on TV tech show “Mekatronik”. He said the key part of the sweat machine was a new water purification part developed by a company named HVR.“It uses a technique called membrane distillation (膜蒸馏),” he told the BBC.“We use a special kind of material that only lets steam through but keeps bacteria, salts, clothing fibers and other things out. They have something similar to the International Space Station, but our machine is cheaper to build. The amount of water it produces depends on how sweaty the person is, but one person’s T-shirt typically produces 10ml, about a mouthful.”2The device has been put on show at the Gothia Cup—the world’s largest international youth football tournament. Mattias Ronge, chief executive of Stockholm-based advertising agency Deportivo, said the machine had helped raise awareness of UNICEF, but in reality had its limitations.“People haven’t produced as much sweat as we hoped—right now the weather in Gothenburg is lousy,” Mattias Ronge said. “So we’ve equipped the machine with exercise bikes and volunteers are cycling like crazy. Even so, the demand for sweat is greater than the supply. And the machine will never be produced in large numbers, since there are better solutions out there such as water purifying pills.”1.Which of the following is the disadvantage of the sweat machine?A.It takes too long for the machine to produce water.B.The amount of water the machine produces is rather limited.C.It costs a large amount of money to build the machine.D.The water processed by the machine is not clean enough.2.UNICEF is mentioned in the text to . A.show how the sweat machine worksB.explain why the sweat machine was inventedC.show the importance of the United NationsD.tell us who invented the sweat machine3.What did Mattias Ronge think of the sweat machine?A.It could only be used in summer.B.It did not work at all.C.It was not worth popularizing.D.The water it produced tasted sweet.4.The text is written mainly to tell us that . A.a machine which turns sweat into drinking water is inventedB.780 million people in the world lack access to clean waterC.a better solution to purifying dirty water is discoveredD.the pill which turns dirty water into clean water is producedⅡ.七选五3(2018 山东寿光现代中学高三开学考试)Ways to Worry LessDo you want to worry less? Of course you do. That’s like asking if I can send you free bacon. Worry is like black mold—it appears in damp conditions and spreads uncontrollably. And very often we don’t realize it’s there until it’s killing us. We must get rid of worry before it destroys us. But how should we do it? 1 Do what you need to do.2 You ought not to avoid tough projects or hard conversions. If you don’t do what you should be doing, you will end up spending the rest of the time worrying about the must-do things. Believe it or not, the anxiety that comes from the worry is much worse than the task we’re worried about. 3 I think many of us act like we’re puppets(木偶)in a play and we’re waiting for something or someone to put us in the right place. We just react to whatever is going on. 4 We need to live purposefully. Nothing can cause more worry than purposelessness. Make plans.You can’t have intentionality without making plans. Making plans will enable you to achieve your aims more smoothly. However, your plans aren’t set in stone. You can adjust your plans flexibly. Accept changes. 5 There are other ways to lessen worry. As long as you are determined to take action, you will live a worry-free life.A.Worry ruins creativity.B.Get more purposeful.C.Do what you should be doing.D.We need to stop letting life just happen.E.Make new plans and then move forward.F.You do the same things as the people around you do.G.Here are some effective ways to deal with it.Ⅲ.完形填空(2017 山东潍坊一模)4A middle-aged man named Douglas lives alone on the fourth floor of an apartment building.He keeps himself off his 1 ,never saying hello to anyone.He leaves his 2 out in the hallway.He 3 complains(抱怨)about all the inconvenience caused by his neighbours,even getting 4 when Catherine and David,the couple living next door,have a baby.Instead of saying 5 ,he 6 his concern about his own sleep. Then one day Mr.Douglas is surprised to see his garbage is 7 to be found.In its place is a note,“Glad to clear up the garbage to 8 you a trip. Have a nice day. David.” 9 this kind act,Mr.Douglas begins thinking about the terrible traffic he will surely have to 10 on his way to work.But as time goes on,Mr.Douglas starts to feel a little 11 . Catherine and David always smile at him when they 12 in the hallway and politely say hello, 13 his reaction is.One day,another note comes to him,apologizing for the baby 14 Mr.Douglas’ sleep.But the baby doesn’t cause him much bother as he sleeps with the fan 15 because of the heat. Finally,the couple invite Mr.Douglas into their apartment for a cup of coffee. As they talk,he 16 that he and his wife got a divorce a year ago.He has been so heartbroken that he has been 17 to everyone he knows.Feeling glad that his neighbours have treated him with so much 18 and friendliness,Mr.Douglas cannot help 19 and respecting them for it. Now he knows the 20 of treating other people as he would like to be treated. 1.A.workers B.neighbors C.colleagues D.managers2.A.garbage B.garage C.luggage D.lounge3.A.completely B.deliberately C.constantly D.eventually4.A.upset B.shocked C.disappointed D.excited5.A.yes B.no C.thanks D.congratulations6.A.shares B.avoids C.expresses D.expects7.A.somewhere B.anywhere C.everywhere D.nowhere8.A.save B.make C.offer D.bring9.A.Cheering B.Ignoring C.Understanding D.Doubting10.A.deal with B.argue with C.mix with D.get along with11.A.pleased B.silly C.comfortable D.curious512.A.sail B.rest C.walk D.meet13.A.whatever B.whichever C.wherever D.however14.A.interrupting B.suffering C.delaying D.robbing15.A.up B.down C.on D.off16.A.warns B.declares C.insists D.admits17.A.strange B.rude C.normal D.polite18.A.tolerance B.reference C.confidence D.experience19.A.worrying B.adjusting C.appreciating D.blaming20.A.behavior B.failure C.difference D.importance6答案精解精析Ⅰ.阅读理解[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,主要介绍了一种能将汗液转化为饮用水的机器。1.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The amount of water it produces depends on how sweaty the person is, but one person’s T-shirt typically produces 10ml, about a mouthful.”可知,这种机器的产水量有限。故选 B。2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,作者在文中之所以提到 UNICEF 是因为这台机器是为 UNICEF所组织的一项活动而设计制造的。故选 B。3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“the machine will never be produced in large numbers”可知,Mattias Ronge 认为这种机器不值得推广。故选 C。 4.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A machine that takes sweat-laden (浸满汗水的) clothes and turns the sweat into drinking water is in use in Sweden.”以及下文的描述可知,作者通过本文主要向我们介绍一种能将汗液转化为饮用水的机器。故选 A。 Ⅱ.七选五[语篇解读] 本文就如何减少担忧提供了一些方法。1.G 上句提到“但是我们应该如何做呢?”,下文分别介绍了该怎样去做,所以此处应该是一个引起下文的句子。故选 G。2.C 结合本段中的“If you don’t do what you should be doing”可知此处选 C。3.B 根据“We need to live purposefully.”可知,我们要有目的地生活。B 项意思是“变得更有目的。”,符合语境。故选 B。4.D 我们要有目的地生活,不能让生活顺其自然。故选 D。5.E 上句指出要灵活地调整计划,接受改变。E 项“制订新计划,然后继续前进。”符合语境。故选E。Ⅲ.完形填空[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。一位中年人因与妻子离婚情绪低落,对邻居态度非常粗鲁。然而邻居的爱心温暖并改变了他。1.B 根据下文内容可知他和邻居不相往来,从不与任何人打招呼。2.A 根据第二段第一句中的 garbage 可知答案为 A 项。A:垃圾;B:车库;C:行李;D:起居室。73.C 他不断地(constantly)抱怨他的邻居给他带来的不便,甚至住在隔壁的一对夫妇凯瑟琳和戴维生了小孩儿时,他都感到心烦(upset)。A:完全地;B:故意地;D:终于。4.A 解析见上题。upset 心烦意乱的;shocked 震惊的;disappointed 失望的;excited 激动的。5.D 隔壁家有了小孩儿,他没有表示祝贺(congratulations),却对自己的睡眠表示担心。A:是;B:不;C:感谢。6.C 根据本句中的 saying 可推出本题答案为 expresses(表达)。A:分享;B:避免;D:期望。7.D 后来有一天,道格拉斯先生惊奇地发现他的垃圾不见了(be nowhere to be found)。8.A 便条上写着:“很高兴清除垃圾,免得(save)你跑一趟。祝你快乐。戴维。”B:制造;C:主动提供;D:带来。9.B 根据本句中 Mr.Douglas begins thinking about the terrible traffic 可推知:道格拉斯先生对邻居的友善行为没有理睬(Ignoring)。A:欢呼,喝彩;C:懂得;D:怀疑。10.A 道格拉斯先生开始考虑他在上班路上不得不应付(deal with)的堵车现象。B:与……争执;C:与……混合;D:与……和睦相处。11.B 随着时间的流逝,道格拉斯先生开始感觉到自己有点愚蠢(silly)。A:高兴的;C:舒服的;D:好奇的。12.D 当凯瑟琳和戴维在走廊里遇到(meet)道格拉斯时,他们总是向他微笑并礼貌地和他打招呼,无论他是什么(whatever)反应。A:航行;B:休息;C:行走。13.A 解析见上题。A:无论什么;B:无论哪一个;C:无论在哪里;D:无论多么。14.A 根据第一段最后一句可知:凯瑟琳和戴维夫妇因他们的孩子打扰(interrupting)了他的睡眠而写便条向他道歉。B:遭受;C:推迟;D:抢夺。15.C with the fan on 开着电扇。16.D 当他们谈话时,他承认(admits)一年前他和他的妻子离婚了。A:警告;B:宣布;C:坚持主张。17.B 他非常伤心以至于对他认识的所有人都很粗鲁(rude)。A:陌生的;C:一般的;D:礼貌的。18.A 邻居对他如此宽容(tolerance)、友好,他感到很高兴。他不由自主地感激(appreciating)并尊重他们。B:参考;C:信心;D:经验。19.C 解析见上题。A:担心;B:调整;D:谴责,指责。20.D 现在他懂得了用希望他人对待自己的方式对待他人的重要性(importance)。A:行为;B:失败;C:不同。1Unit 3 Inventors and inventions基础知识默写篇一、分层单词写作词汇1. vt.抓住;捉住;夺 2. vt.忍受;忍耐;负担 3. n.堵塞;阻塞;果酱 4. n.产品 5. adj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的 6. adj.稳固的;稳定的;安定的 7. adj.便利的;方便的;就近的 8. adj.实际的;实践的;实用的 9. n.预料;期待;期望 10. vt.联想;联系 阅读词汇1.dial vt. 2.distinguish vi.方便的;就近的→ n.方便;便利 2. adj.实际的;实践的;实用的→ adv. 从实际出发;实事求是地→ v. 练习 3. n.预料;期待;期望→ v.预料;期待;期望 4. adj.愉快的;高兴的→ adv. 高兴地;愉快地 5. adj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的→ n.仁慈;宽恕 6. vt.联想;联系 n.同伴;伙伴→ n.联盟;社团;联想 7. n.小心;谨慎→ adj.小心的;谨慎的 8. adj.冰冻的;严寒的→ vt.(使)结冰 二、高频短语1. 给……打电话 2. 开始;着手 3. 迅速把手伸入;一心投入 4. 不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住 35. 设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过 6. now and then 7. out of order 8. ring off 三、经典句型1.But (一旦被捡起来), they tried to bite me. 2.Only after you have had that recognition (你才能说) that you are truly an inventor. 基础知识运用篇一、语境词汇运用(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)1.The housing price in this area was too high for him to (承担得起). 2.Doctors said his condition was serious but (稳定的). 3.At what age are children able to (辨别) between right and wrong? 4.The husband left home, for he couldn’t (忍受) his wife’s bad temper. 5.Although this result may not surprise you,it leads to (实用的) advice. 6.The elephant (抓住) a nearby branch and put it into her mouth. 7.For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be (有效的) if they can defeat academic cheating. 8.Armed with the information you have gathered,you can (开始做) preparing your business plan. 9. (有时) we slowly pulled one kite back, watching it dancing up and down in the wind. 10.He didn’t feel well and (给……打电话) the manager to ask for a day off. 11.Most of the telephone lines were destroyed by the hurricane last night, so today it’s almost impossible to (设法联系上) to anybody. 12.The beggar (将手伸入)his pocket and took out several coins. 13.The manager (挂断电话) before the worker could explain why he was late. 414.The washing machine bought yesterday is (发生故障), which makes him a little annoyed. 15.You’ll have to (稍等) for a while if you want to see Steve. He’s just gone out. (二)单句填空1.I will spare no efforts to live up to all the (expect) of my parents. 2.He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of (recognize). 3.We have provided seats for the of our customers. If it is for you, welcome here. (convenient) 4.The king showed no (mercy) and killed all the prisoners. 5.David is a man who is always doing things with . Thus, you had better deal with him . (caution) 6.In western countries,the number “thirteen” is usually with bad luck, but actually there isn’t any between them.(associate) 二、经典句型仿写1.只有当他离开家时他才意识到他是多么爱父母。(only+状语从句)how much he loved his parents. 2.努力学习,你会被一所重点大学录取。(祈使句+and+陈述句)Work hard and a key university. 3.一旦被理解,这个规则很容易记住。(省略句), the rule is easy to memorize. 4.我弟弟专心读小说,没有和我说话。(过去分词作状语), my brother didn’t talk to me. 5答案精解精析基础知识默写篇一、分层单词写作词汇1.seize 2.bear 3.jam 4.product 5.passive 6.stable7.convenient 8.practical 9.expectation 10.associate阅读词汇1.拨(电话) 2.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别 3.轻打;轻拍;轻敲;轻轻的敲击(声);(水)龙头 4.文件;档案;文件夹;提交;将……归档 5.鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明 6.能力;胜任;本领 7.人力资源;人事部;全体人员 8.电话分机;扩大;延伸 9.(水或气)流;电流;现在的;当前的 10.立方的 11.突然的;意外的 12.有效的;确凿的 13.熟的;成熟的14.能胜任的;有能力的;称职的 15.清白的;无罪的;天真的 16.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的;发展变化的 17.无锈的;不锈的;没有污点的18.专利证书;专利权 19.小心;谨慎 20.标准;尺度拓展词汇1.convenient;convenience 2.practical;practically;practice 3.expectation;expect 4.merry;merrily 5.merciful;mercy 6.associate;association7.caution;cautious 8.freezing;freeze二、高频短语1.call up 2.set about 3.dive into 4.hang on 5.get through 6.偶尔;有时 7.次序颠倒;发生故障 8.挂断电话三、经典句型1.once picked up 2.can you say基础知识运用篇一、语境词汇运用(一)词汇拼写1.afford 2.stable 3.distinguish 4.bear 5.practical 6.seized 7.valid68.set about 9.Now and then 10.called up 11.get through 12.dived into 13.rang off 14.out of order 15.hang on(二)单句填空 1.expectations 2.recognition 3.convenience;convenient4.mercy 5.cautious;caution;cautiously 6.associated;association二、经典句型仿写1.Only when he was away from home did he realize2.you’ll be admitted to 3.Once understood 4.Absorbed in the novel