2019版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 Cloning（课件+试题）（打包5套）新人教版选修8.zip

1Unit 2 Cloning1 课文与语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Cloning is a way of 1 (make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. It has two major uses. One is 2 gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants. The other is that it is 3 (value)for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. 4 , the process of cloning is difficult 5 (undertake). Many attempts to clone mammals failed. The first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, made the whole 6 (science) world follow its progress, though it had 7 problems than the normal sheep. On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of 8 (object) and had a great impact 9 the media and public imagination. Different people have different opinions on it. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning 10 (help) or harm us and where it is leading us. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 2 课文与短文改错根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals have always excited film makers. And they are not the only ones. The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, from which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves that ordinary people are interesting in the subject. But in the fact, we are a long way from able to clone extinct animals. From time to time people suggest that extinct animal like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to the life through cloning. Unfortunate, with what we know now, this is either possible or unsuitable. So the chance of dinosaurs ever return to the earth is merely a dream.3 话题知识与写作Ⅰ.根据提示翻译下列句子。1.据我所知,人们对于克隆技术尤其是在克隆人方面分歧相当大。(differ)22.一些人支持它的发展,他们认为这项技术一定会有利于医学的发展。(in favour of;be bound to)3.相反,另一些人害怕克隆会引起一系列的道德问题,对社会的发展造成危害。(on the contrary)4.我认为,只要所有的人都遵守规则,承诺合理应用它,克隆将会取得成功。(as long as)5.克隆将会对社会的发展做出更多贡献,科学家们的努力也不会付之东流。(invain)Ⅱ.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。3答案精解精析1.课文与语法填空1.making 2.that 3.valuable 4.However5.to undertake 6.scientific 7.more8.objection(s) 9.on 10.will help 2.课文与短文改错The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals ① always excited film ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑎𝑠 makers. And they are not the only ones. The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, ②which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves that ordinary 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛 people are ③ in the subject. But in ④the fact, we are a long way from ⑤ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 ∧𝑏𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑔able to clone extinct animals. From time to time people suggest that extinct ⑥ 𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑠 like dinosaurs, can possibly be brought back to ⑦the life through cloning. ⑧, with what we know now, this is either ⑨ unsuitable. So the 𝑈𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑈𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 chance of dinosaurs ever ⑩ to the earth is merely a dream.𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 ①句子的主语为 possibility,故谓语动词需用单数形式。②此处考查“介词+which”引导的定语从句。表示“在电影中”应使用介词 in。 ③此处考查 be interested in,意为“对……感兴趣”。④in fact 实际上,为固定短语。⑤from 为介词,后接形容词需先加 being。 4⑥此处用名词复数表泛指。 ⑦此处考查固定搭配 bring sth. back to life。 ⑧副词放在句首可修饰整个句子,故将 Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately。⑨根据上文的 Unfortunately 和后面的 unsuitable 可知答案。⑩此处作介词 of 的宾语,需用动名词。3.话题知识与写作Ⅰ.1.As far as I know, people differ greatly on cloning technique, especially on cloning human beings.2.Some people are in favour of its development, believing the technique is bound to benefit the medical development.3.On the contrary, others are afraid that it will raise a series of moral problems, thus causing damage to the social development.4.In my opinion, cloning will pay off as long as all the people obey rules and promise to use it properly.5.Cloning will make more contributions to the development of society and the scientists’ efforts will not be in vain.Ⅱ.[参考范文]As far as I know, people differ greatly on cloning technique, especially on cloning human beings. Some people are in favour of its development, believing the technique is bound to benefit the medical development. On the contrary, others are afraid that it will raise a series of moral problems, thus causing damage to the social development. However, in my opinion, cloning will pay off as long as all the people obey rules and promise to use it properly.In addition, it will make more contributions to the development of society and the scientists’ efforts will not be in vain.1Unit 2 CloningⅠ.阅读理解AThere are many ways in which human cloning is expected to benefit mankind.Below is a list that is far from completion.Dr.Richard Seed,one of the leading proponents (支持者) of human cloning technology,suggests that it may someday be possible to reverse the aging process because of what we learn from cloning.Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged.Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States and several other industrialized countries.There has been a breakthrough in the research on human stem cells.Embryonic (胚胎的) stem cells can be grown to produce organs to repair or replace damaged ones.Skin for burned victims,brain cells for the brain damaged,hearts,lungs,livers,and kidneys could be produced.By combining this technology with human cloning technology it may be possible to produce needed organs for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems.Conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,diabetes,heart failure,and other problems may be made curable if human cloning and its technology are not banned.Despite getting a fair amount of publicity in the news, current treatments for infertility (不生育),in terms of percentages,are not very successful.One estimate is that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful.Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children.Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children.Human cloning could make it possible for more infertile couples to have children than ever before.1.The passage mainly deals with . A.the problems with human cloningB.the disadvantages of human cloning2C.the advantages of human cloningD.the different ways human cloning is done2.According to Dr.Richard Seed we can use cloning technology . A.to make people look youngerB.to make people live longerC.to cure people of many diseasesD.to produce more animals3.From the passage we can infer that . A.cloning has already been used to treat heart diseases B.we can treat a man’s heart disease by cloning others’ heartsC.most people in industrialized countries suffer from heart diseasesD.more people die of heart diseases than of other diseases in America4.What would be the best headline for the last paragraph? A.With Cloning,Infertile Couples Could Have ChildrenB.Treatment of Infertility Is Not SuccessfulC.Physically and Emotionally Pain of Infertile CouplesD.The News Is Not Telling the Truth5.With an organ cloned from his own stem cells, . A.the patient is more likely to develop other diseasesB.the patient’s immune systems don’t reject the new organC.the patient will be free of rejection by his immune systemsD.the patient will suffer from Alzheimer’s diseaseB(2018山东寿光现代中学高三开学考试,B)Seven years ago, back in 2010,some reports covered a story that the world’s longest railway tunnel was under construction in Switzerland. At that point it had already been under construction for over a decade. It had been voted to be built nearly a quarter of a century ago! The idea to build it could date back to nearly 70 years ago—about as old as some of your grandparents!Yesterday, it was finally ready!3It’s 35 miles long and runs 7,500 feet beneath the Swiss Alps, a famous mountain range in Switzerland. It even runs under an old tunnel that was there before. It took a total of 17 years to build at a cost of $12 billion.128 million tons of rock were dug. Two million truckloads of earth were removed!The tunnel connects northern and southern Europe. The opening of this runnel was such a big deal that the Germany’s leader, Chancellor Angela Merkel, France’s president, Francois Hollande, and Italy’s prime minister, Matteo Renzi, were all there to celebrate, as was Austria’s chancellor Christian Kern.It’s called the Gotthard Base Tunnel.Eventually,325 freight and passenger trains will go through the tunnel, relieving a lot of traffic on the roadways there and making it a more environmentally friendly option. The Gotthard Base Tunnel is a wonder of engineering! Make us want to visit it!6.When did people first have the idea of building the Tunnel?A.About 70 years ago. B.Half a century ago.C.Twenty-five years ago. D.Seven years ago.7.What can we learn about the Tunnel?A.It used to be an old tunnel.B.It has just been completed.C.It connects all European countries.D.It runs over a range of mountains.8.What may be the purpose of building the Tunnel?A.To improve traffic. B.To increase employment.C.To attract donation. D.To stop pollution.9.What can be inferred about the Tunnel?A.It will cause conflicts among countries.B.It will be of little benefit to the locals.C.It may do damage to the environment.D.It may become a tourist attraction.Ⅱ.语法填空(2018安徽高中十校联盟高三摸底) 4阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。One of the biggest challenges 1 (face) by students today is how to concentrate on studies. Almost all of them are struggling for their concentration power. In an age 2 mobile phones and the Internet are eating up most of our time and energy, one can understand how difficult it is to focus attention and energy on studies. One of the most important 3 (factor) in developing concentration on a task, whether it is study or anything else, 4 (be) to develop an interest in the task. We are able to focus 5 (easy)on tasks that we find more interesting. If you want to concentrate on something—studies are no 6 (except),you need 7 (ensure) that the environment around you is distraction free. So the question is not how to concentrate on studies 8 how to avoid distractions that have swallowed up mankind today. The only way to guarantee 9 distraction-free environment is by getting rid of all the unnecessary things around you, including the electronic gadgets(小器具) 10 mobile phones. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ⅲ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改 10处,多者(从第 11处起)不计分。Last Saturday, my parents and I paid visit to my grandparents by train. There was a large number of people in the crowded train, but everyone help those who had lots of baggage and behaved politely. Along the way, we enjoyed beautifully views. At first, we saw one hill after another. Then what came into our eye were fields with green crops. In a six-hour trip, we arrived at my grandparents’ house. Exhausted though I felt, but I was happy to see my grandparents, which I hadn’t seen for a long time. It’s really an excited trip because it was the first time I had taken so a long-distance train.56答案精解精析Ⅰ.阅读理解A[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了克隆技术对人类的一些有利的方面。1.C 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的 is expected to benefit mankind及下面的内容判断,文章主要谈论的是 human cloning的优点。2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段的 to reverse the aging process推断,利用克隆技术可以使人们长寿。3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,心脏病是美国和其他工业化国家的头号杀手,因此死于心脏病的人要比死于其他疾病的人多。4.A 主旨大意题。最后一段的主要意思是“利用克隆技术可以使不能生育的夫妇有自己的孩子”,所以用 A项作小标题。5.B 细节理解题。由第四段中的 that will be free of rejection by their immune systems可知,用自己的细胞克隆的器官不会有排斥反应。 B[语篇解读] 本文介绍了一条世界上最长的铁路隧道建在瑞士的阿尔卑斯山脉,是隧道工程的奇迹。6.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The idea to build it could date back to nearly 70 years ago”可知,选 A。 7.B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Yesterday, it was finally ready!”可知,这条隧道已经竣工。故选 B。8.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“relieving a lot of traffic on the roadways there and making it a more environmentally friendly option.”可知,建成这一隧道,有大量的货运和客运车通过隧道,缓解了道路上的交通。故选 A。 9.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后的“The Gotthard Base Tunnel is a wonder of engineering! Make us want to visit it!”可推知这条隧道可能会成为旅游景点。故选 D。Ⅱ.语法填空[语篇解读] 我们生活在一个处处有分心事物的时代,我们需要慢慢学会如何排除分心事物对我们的干扰。1.faced 考查非谓语动词。challenges 与 face为被动关系,故用过去分词短语作后置定语。72.when 考查定语从句的关系词。名词 age后接定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用when。3.factors 考查名词复数。由前面的 one of可知这里应用复数名词,故用 factors。4.is 考查主谓一致。此句主语是 One of the most important factors,所以谓语动词用单数,故用is。5.easily 考查副词。这里用副词修饰动词 focus,故用 easily。6.exception 考查名词。be no exception 没有例外,也不例外。 7.to ensure 考查不定式。need to do.需要做……。 8.but 本题考查固定搭配。not.but.不是……而是……。9.a 考查冠词。a distraction-free environment 一个没有使人分心的事物的环境。故用 a。10.like 考查介词。此处 like为介词,意为“像”。Ⅲ.短文改错Last Saturday, my parents and I paid ① visit to my grandparents by train. There ②∧𝑎a large number of people in the crowded train, but everyone ③ those who had 𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑝𝑒𝑑lots of baggage and behaved politely. Along the way, we enjoyed ④ views. At 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑦𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑙first, we saw one hill after another. Then what came into our ⑤ were fields with 𝑒𝑦𝑒𝑒𝑦𝑒𝑠green crops. ⑥ a six-hour trip, we arrived at my grandparents’ house. Exhausted 𝐼𝑛𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟though I felt, ⑦but I was happy to see my grandparents, ⑧ I hadn’t seen for a 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑤ℎ𝑜long time. It’s really an ⑨ trip because it was the first time I had taken ⑩𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 a long-distance train.𝑠𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ ①pay a visit to 为固定短语,意为“参观”。②根据主语 a large number of people可知谓语动词使用复数形式。③根据上下文及语境可知用一般过去时。④修饰名词作定语应用形容词。 ⑤与 our相呼应应使用名词的复数形式。⑥after 在……以后,符合题意。“in+一段时间”常和一般将来时连用。⑦though 不能与 but连用。 8⑧定语从句的先行词是 grandparents,故使用关系代词 who引导定语从句。 ⑨表示“令人兴奋的”应使用 exciting。⑩so 修饰形容词或副词,such 修饰名词性短语。1Unit 2 Cloning基础知识默写篇一、分层单词1. vt.禁止;不准 2. vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于…… 3. vt.打扰 vi.操心 n.烦扰 4. vi.撞击;罢工 n.罢工 5. vt.抵抗;对抗 6. vt.着手;从事;承担 7. vt.获得;赢得 8. n.规则;规章;法规 9. adj.虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的 10. adv. 立刻;不久 11. adj.精确的;准确的 12. adj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的 13. adv. 仅;只;不过 14. vi.不同;相异 15. vi.反对;不赞成 阅读词汇1.adore vt. 2.accumulate vt.准确的→ adv. 精确地;准确地;确切地 2. adv. 仅;只;不过→ adj.仅仅;只不过 3. adj.不能的;不会的→ adj.能够的;有能力的 4. vi.不同;相异→ adj.不同的→ adv. 不同地;相异地→ n.不同;差异 5. adj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的→ n.原因;理由 6. vi.反对;不赞成→ n.不赞成;反对;异议 7. n.装饰→ v.装饰 8. vi.退休;离开→ n.退休 二、高频短语1. 反对 2. 赞成;支持 3. 得到好结果;取得成功;偿清 4. 白费力气;枉费心机 5. 状况很好/坏;情况很好/坏 6. 一定或注定(做)…… 7. cast down 8. from time to time 9. bring.back to life 10. strike.into one’s heart 3三、经典句型1. (其优点是)if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 2.It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants (为了培植新植物). 3. (接着传来了令人烦恼的消息)that Dolly had become seriously ill. 4.However, scientists still wonder (克隆技术会帮助我们还是会伤害我们) and where it is leading us. 基础知识运用篇一、语境词汇运用(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)1.Our school (不允许)students to smoke. 2.Don’t (打扰)Mary while she’s reading. 3.It’s natural that customs (不同) from country to country. 4.We are supposed to (承担) the responsibility to protect the environment. 5.These are (确切地) the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore —and the very ones we need to consider most. 6.Why (费心) to go abroad, when there are so many nice places here? 7.They took a more (合理的) approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives. 8.Leroy Chiao,54,an American (退休的) astronaut after four flights,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. 9.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working (完全地). 10.He is not easily (沮丧), because he is a strong-minded perso n. 11.I (反对) being treated like this. I’m a grown-up now. 12.Two years of business school really (取得成功). He got success in his career. 13.All the doctors did was (白费力气), and the patient died after three days’ treatment. 14.I bought the bicycle ten years ago. It still stays (状况很好). 415.Besides, the timetable should be updated according to the progress of our study (不时). 16.However, others are (支持)the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. 17.Although the doctors did everything they could, they weren’t able to (使他复活). (二)单句填空1.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist (eat) cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress. 2.His explanation was not (reason), so all of us didn’t accept it. 3.He from the post as a manager. After his , he settled down in a remote village. (retire) 4.When it comes to moving to the countryside, his mother made no to it, while his father to it.(object) 5.From the appearance, we cannot tell the between the twins,though they always have some ideas. (differ) 6.Apparently, the purpose of education is not only the of knowledge, but it also means intelligence as well as abilities.(accumulate) 二、经典句型仿写1.我参加活动的目的是积累经验。(不定式作状语)I participated in the activity . 2.接着传来了令人振奋的消息,王林被北京大学录取了。(完全倒装句)that Wang Lin has been admitted into Peking University. 3.骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。(The advantage.is that.)a low-carbon life. 4.从他的表情我们看不出他是反对我们的计划还是选择保持沉默。(whether.or.)We cannot tell from his expression to keep silent. 5答案精解精析基础知识默写篇一、分层单词写作词汇1.forbid 2.owe 3.bother 4.strike 5.resist 6.undertake 7.obtain8.regulation 9.vain 10.shortly 11.exact 12.reasonable 13.merely 14.differ 15.object阅读词汇1.崇拜;爱慕;喜爱 2.积累;聚积 3.获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)4.扔;投;掷 5.程序;步骤;手续 6.缺点;不利条件 7.突破 8.假定;设想 9.任意的 10.保守的;守旧的 11.必须做的;义务的;强迫的;强制的 12.道德(上)的;伦理的 13.最初的;开始的 14.总共;完全地15.商业的;贸易的 16.撞击;冲击;巨大的影响 17.媒介;手段;工具拓展词汇1.exact;exactly 2.merely;mere 3.unable;able4.differ;different;differently;difference 5.reasonable;reason6.object;objection 7.decoration;decorate 8.retire;retirement二、高频短语1.object to 2.in favour of 3.pay off 4.in vain 5.in good/poor condition6.(be) bound to (do). 7.使沮丧 8.不时,偶尔 9.使复生;使复活10.使……刻骨铭心三、经典句型1.The advantage is that 2.to make new ones 3.Then came the disturbing news 4.whether cloning will help or harm us基础知识运用篇一、语境词汇运用(一)词汇拼写1.forbids 2.bother 3.differ 4.undertake 5.exactly 6.bother7.reasonable 8.retired 9.altogether 10.cast down 11.object to612.paid off 13.in vain 14.in good condition 15.from time to time16.in favour of 17.bring him back to life(二)单句填空 1.eating 2.reasonable 3.retired;retirement4.objection;objected 5.differences;different 6.accumulation;accumulating二、经典句型仿写1.to accumulate experience 2.Then comes the exciting news3.The advantage of cycling to work is that we can live 4.whether he will object to our plan or choose