1、Unit 4 Earthquakes,内容索引,达标检测,语法导学,Period Three GrammarThe Attributive Clause () (that，which，who/whom，whose),语法导学,语法感知,课文原句感知 1.But the one million people of the city， thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night. 2.It was felt in Beijing， is more than two hundred kilometres away. 3
2、.The number of people were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.,who,which,who,4.Then，later that afternoon，another big quake was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 5.The army organized teams to dig out those were trapped and to bury the dead. 6.Workers built shelters
3、for survivors homes had been destroyed.,which,who,whose,语法精析,在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why。,一、关系代词的用法 1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 The number of people who were killed in
4、 the accident was over 100. 在那次事故中丧生的人数超过了100。 He is the man who I met yesterday. 他就是我昨天遇见的那个人。,2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。 注意：(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。 The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday was Johns brother. 昨
5、天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。 (2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。 He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn. 他是我们大家都愿意学习的人。,3.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school. 她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 4.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The woma
6、n (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. 我在报纸上读过那位女士的相关报道，她刚刚赢得一枚金牌。 The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race. 特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。,注意： (1)宜用that不宜用which的情况 当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。 All that can be done has be
7、en done. 一切能做的都已经做完了。 当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。 Music is the only thing that interests me. 音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。,当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting story that I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。 当先行词中既有人又有物时。 She described in
8、her composition the people and places that impressed her most. 她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。 当主语是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which are the books that you bought for me? 哪些是你买给我的书？,(2)宜用which不宜用that的情况 关系代词前有介词时。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 我过去住的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。 在非限制性定语从句中。 Have you ever r
9、ead the book，which was written by a young girl？ 你读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书吗？,(3)宜用who不宜用that的情况 当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone。 Anyone who does that must be mad. 谁那样做都一定是疯了。 当先行词是I，you，he，they等人称代词时(常用于谚语中)。 He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。,当先行词为指人的those时。 Those who have good man
10、ners will be highly respected. 那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。 在there be结构中，先行词指人时。 There is a young man who wants to see you. 有一个年轻人想见你。,5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。 This is the person whose story surprised everybody. 就是这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。 注意：whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 student
11、s. The classroom the door of which is broken can hold 40 students. The classroom of which the door is broken can hold 40 students. 那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。,二、使用定语从句的注意事项 1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which we
12、re written by Charles Dickens. 这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。,注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，如果代表前面所说的整个情况，which被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。 He said he was a Frenchman，which was not true. 他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。,2.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 Thi
13、s is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it) 这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。 3.关系代词的省略。 (1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。 (2)作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略；如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。 (3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。,高考链接,.单句语法填空 1.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both， is not good for the health.(2017全国
14、) 2.But Sarah， has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国) 3.My eldest son， work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(2017天津),which,who,whose,4.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for
15、 great inventions.(2017北京) 5.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. (2015全国) 6.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. (2016北京),that/which,t
16、hat/which,whose,7.Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy. (2014新课标全国) 8.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014安徽) 9.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.(2014陕西) 10.Well reach the sales targets in a month w
17、e set at the beginning of the year.(2014重庆),that/which,which/that,that,which/that,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time.(2017全国，短文改错) 2.The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.(2016四川，短文改错) 或The dishes what I cooked were Moms
18、favorite.,that/which,that/which,3.Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (2013新课标全国，短文改错) 4.It turned out to be her own cup，that shed left on the shelf by mistake. (2010陕西，短文改错) 5.He wouldnt go to see a play that
19、no one liked it.(2008陕西，短文改错),which,which,达标检测,.单句语法填空 1.We dont know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster. 2.Those want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7：30 pm. 3.The first museum he visited in China was the History Museum. 4.The film you are looking forwar
20、d to seeing will be on tomorrow. 5.The building doors are green is an office building.,who/that,who,that,that/which,whose,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 6.Our teacher is talking to the girl whom is very hard-working. 7.This is the most interesting story which I have ever read. 或This is the most interesting story
21、which I have ever read. 8.My parents often talk of the people and things which they remember. 9.The girl likes the new book which cover is very nice. 10.I will do something which is helpful to support the children.,who/that,that,that,whose,that,.语法填空 (2018山东曲阜一中高一上月考) A man and his friend were walki
22、ng through the desert. During the trip they had a quarrel，and the man hit his friend in 11. face. His friend was hurt，but without 12. (say) anything，he wrote in the sand，“Today my best friend hit me.”,the,saying,They kept on walking until they 13. (find) a lake，where they decided 14. (take) a bath.
23、The mans friend fell into the lake and was in a 15. (danger) situation，but the man saved him 16. (immediate).After he came back 17. life，he wrote on a stone，“Today my best friend saved my life.”,found,to take,dangerous,immediately,to,The man 18. had hit and saved his best friend asked，“When I hurt y
24、ou，you wrote in the sand and now，you wrote on a stone. Why？” His friend 19. (reply)，“When someone hurts us，we should write it down in the sand，where wind can blow it away. However，when someone does something good 20. us，we must write it down on the stone，where it can last forever.”,who/that,replied,for,
