2017届高考英语一轮复习 学通语法（课件+试题）（打包13套）北师大版.zip

1学通语法（增分语法填空和短文改错）集释(一) “语境考查类”语法项目第一讲 冠__词单句语法填空1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned.3．(2015·浙江高考改编)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.4．(2015·陕西高考改编)The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.5．(2015·重庆高考改编)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.一、不定冠词(一)不定冠词的基本用法1．表示泛指某个人或事物。I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.今天我在赶着去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。2．用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指。My friend John is a handsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with.我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人，一个人人都喜欢与他共事的年轻人。3．表示“某一个” ，相当于 a certain。I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon.我记得他在某个星期天来过，并且很快就离开了。4．用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一” 。He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance 2in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。5．用在形容词的比较等级前，表示“一个更……的” 。If we sit near the front of the bus, we'll have a better view.如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，视野就会更好些。6．用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。Tony is a famous pianist. I'm absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家，我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定成功。(二)固定搭配中的不定冠词不定冠词常用于某些固定搭配中，常见的有：have a gift for 有……的天赋 have a holiday 度假get a lift/ride 搭便车 pay a visit to 参观lend sb. a hand 帮助某人 as a result 因此as a rule 通常，照例 in a hurry 匆忙地at a distance 离一段距离 a waste of……的浪费What a pity！真遗憾！ be/go on a diet 节食a collection of 一批…… a knowledge of 知道have a good time 玩得高兴 make a living 谋生as a matter of fact 事实上 have a history of 有……历史in a sense/way 在某种意义上 for a while 暂时，一时all of a sudden 突然 a matter of……的问题have a population of 有……人口cover an area of 占……的面积You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.(2014·安徽高考单选)你可以向任何人求助，这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。二、定冠词(一)定冠词的基本用法1．特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。I went to a university in New Zealand. The university was founded in the early twentieth century.3我在新西兰的一所大学就读，这所大学建立于 20 世纪初。2．用于单数可数名词或形容词前，表示一类人或物。①As we all know, the brain is the centre of thought.众所周知，大脑是思维的中心。②As a matter of fact, the rich aren't always happy.事实上富人并非总是快乐的。[名 师 指 津 ]———————————————————————————————————————“the＋adj.”表示一类人的常用短语：the rich 富人 the dead 死者the poor 穷人 the aged 老人the old 老人 the living 活着的人the young 年轻人 the injured/wounded 受伤的人 —————————————————————————————————————3．用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词 only, very, same 等之前。①Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。②Now, years later, this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)在数年之后的现在，这条河成为了环境治理的最突出的范例之一。4．用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。The village where I was born has grown into a town.(2014·陕西高考单选)我出生的村庄已变成了一个城镇。5．用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。As is well known to us all, the Second World War broke out in the thirties.众所周知，二战爆发于 30 年代。6．用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。7．用于世界上独一无二的事物前。No one knows exactly how the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.没有人确切知道月球是怎样形成的，因为这发生在很久之前。8．用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。4As far as I know, he likes playing the piano.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴。(二)固定结构及固定短语中的定冠词1．固定结构中的定冠词(1)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词”结构中，表示“按……计算” 。—It's said that John will be in a job paying over D|S60,000 a year.—Right, he will also get paid by the week.——据说，约翰将获得一个年薪超过 6 万美元的工作。——是的，他的工资还将按周支付。(2)用于“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”结构中。His nose bled when the thief hit him in the face.那个贼打到了他的脸，他鼻子出血了。(3)用于 the more . the more .(越……越……)结构中。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，就会越少犯错误。2．固定短语中的定冠词at the moment 此刻；目前 in the end 最后，最终to tell the truth 说实话 on the other hand 另一方面by the way 顺便说一下 in the middle of 在……中间at the same time 同时 on the contrary 相反on the whole 总的来说 in the distance 在远处to the point 中肯；切题make the most/best of 充分利用go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧Now that you have such a good chance, you'd better make the best of every minute to achieve your goal.既然你有这么好的一次机会，你最好充分利用每一分钟去实现你的目标。三、零冠词(一)零冠词的基本用法下列情况下不用冠词。1．表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。①Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which you'll make great progress.记日记是一个可以让你取得巨大进步的好习惯。②Telephones are still playing an important role in people's life.5电话在人们的生活中仍然起着重要的作用。2．表示月、季、星期、节假日、洲、三餐、球类、学科、棋类名词前。A year can be divided into four seasons — spring, summer, autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。3．与 by 连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。Are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？4．系动词 turn 后的单数名词作表语时。After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一位好经理。5．表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。 ”(二)固定结构及固定短语中的零冠词1．固定结构中的零冠词“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语，主句” ，意为“虽然……但是……” 。Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world.尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富。2．固定短语中的零冠词on purpose 故意地 by chance 碰巧catch fire 着火 at dawn 在黎明face to face 面对面 out of date 过时的make room for 让位 in debt 负债in shape 健康 on foot 步行in danger 在危险中 side by side 并排from time to time 不时地 hand in hand 手拉手day after day 日复一日地 heart and soul 全心全意地Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push­ups too to stay in shape.(2014·江苏高考单选)汤姆总是在早上慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持健康。6[典题精选] [我来改正] [常设误点]①(2014·陕西高考)That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!②(2016·邢台市高三摸底考试)But he had only an 100­yuan note.③(2016·嘉峪关市一中三模)He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted.①a→ an②an→ a③an→ a(1)不定冠词 a 和 an 的错用①在元音音素前应用不定冠词an；②在辅音音素前应用不定冠词a；③有些单词以元音字母开头但却是以辅音音素开头，前面应用冠词 a 而不用 an；还有一些单词以辅音字母开头但却是以元音音素开头，前面应用冠词 an 而不用a。①(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents . A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.②(2016·郑州二模)Most of us feel nervous whenever we're taking the important exam.①shop 前的a→ the②the→ an(2)不定冠词 a(n)和定冠词 the的错用①表示特指时用定冠词 the；②表示泛指时用不定冠词 a(n)。①(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)This custom soon became another meal of day.②(2016·江西九校联考)Forrest Gump was born in small village.①在 day 前加 the②在 in 和 small之间加 a(3)单数可数名词前冠词的缺失一般情况下，单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词 a(n)或 the。 a(n)表示类指或泛指，the 表示特指。①(2013·浙江高考)Tomorrow is first day of school.②(2016·衡水一中模拟)In order to realize his dream, Bill Gates, richest man in the world, gave up studying ①在 first 前加 the②在 richest 前加 the(4)定冠词 the 的缺失①在序数词前常用定冠词 the；②在形容词最高级前也常用定冠词 the。7in Harvard University.①(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.②(2016·南昌市一模)I think it's a great fun and I can make more friends.①去掉 flowers□10 前的 the②去掉 great 前□11 的 a(5)冠词的多余可数名词复数或不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。①(2015·浙江高考)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. ②(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.①在 hurry 前加a□12 ②在 result 前加a□13 (6)常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠词a(n)，有的用定冠词 the，而有的不带任何冠词，如：in a hurry, on the right, in fact, as a result, as a result 等。[常 考 题 点 对 点 练 ]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016·济南外国语学校模拟)Nowadays, how we can take good care of the old is becoming a hot and serious topic.2．(2016·大庆质量检测二)If I were ever short of cash and couldn't afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take a look around.3．(2016·泰安二模)It was a burning­hot, summer's day and I was longing to go swimming at the local pool. Instead, I was riding in the back seat of the car as my parents drove to a friend's house.4．(2016·江西八校一模)He tapped her on the shoulder, “Hi! I have been looking for you for such a long time！”5．(2016·长春调研考试)Today the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our life.6．(2016·枣庄模拟)First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you can never get a second chance to make first impressions.87．(2016·石家庄二模)Our destination was Orewa, a seaside town.8．(2016·青岛自主诊断)After a short silence, the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was abroad.9．(2016·郑州高三二模)It's a pleasure for me to be here to speak to such a distinguished group from all over the world.10．(2016·南阳一中三模)Imagine falling towards the planet Earth at an awesome speed of 300 kilometers per hour.11．(2016·济南高考模拟)When he became a doctor, he tapped people's chests to see how much liquid was in their lungs. Laennec did the same and learned to tell by tapping carefully on a chest whether it was diseased or not.12．(2016·大庆市二轮复习检测)I should be very interested to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in the newspaper.Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2016·银川质量检测短文改错)This afternoon I went to see my grandfather by a bus.去掉 a2．(2016·贵州监测二短文改错)With English being widely used in the world, it is playing a more and more important role. For example, a French and Chinese can't speak each other's language.Chinese 前加 a3．(2016·赣州模拟短文改错)He became a engineer instead and spent most of his time studying car design.a→an4．(2016·衡水中学二模短文改错)Second, we must set the goal, which motivates us to pursue our dreams.the→a5．(2016·山东省实验中学一模短文改错)I'm Li Hua and I'm writing to apply for the assistant post you advised on Internet.on 后加 the6．(2016·豫东、豫北十所名校联考短文改错)There is no doubt that English has become an universal language nowadays.an→a7．(2016·呼和浩特调研短文改错)If you want to make a progress, you need to put your heart into your study and work hard.去掉 a8．(2016·吉林省第二次调研短文改错)I borrowed story book from the library the other day and took it home.story 前加 a[高 考 题 型 综 合 练 ]Ⅰ.语法填空(2016·河北衡水中学三模)It was a busy day at the grocery store and an old couple were in line behind me with birthday balloons.9From __1__ they said, I knew their nephew had a twin and something bad happened to the baby at birth. Though they did all they could __2__ (help) them but times were tough for them.They seemed to be too nervous and were too __3__ (anxiety) to leave, so I asked __4__ they wanted to go ahead of me or not. They didn't understand what I __5__ (mean) at first. After knowing it, they were very appreciative. But they stood behind me.At that time I knew it had to be a significant day to them. Nothing could be __6__ (good) if someone offered to help them. So I told the cashier to add the balloons to my purchases. The old couple refused at first __7__ I insisted. I said, “You tell your sweet nephew that there are still nice people left who wanted to give them __8__ hand in this world.” They thanked me over and over and the cashier was moved to tears, __9__ (say) there was an angel in her line today.That little act of __10__ (kind) made everyone who saw it feel good — but it made me feel the best of all!语 篇 解 读 ： 本 文 为 记 叙 文 ， 讲 述 了 作 者 帮 助 他 人 的 故 事 。1．what 介词后接宾语从句，设空处为连接代词，此处表示“从他们所说的话” ，故填 what。2．to help 此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。3．anxious 该词在系动词 be 之后且有 too 修饰，故用形容词 anxious。4．whether 此处为宾语从句的连接词，表示“是否” ，且与 or not 搭配，故用whether。5．meant 此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，所以从句也用一般过去时。6．better 否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的含义。7．but 此处表示转折关系，故用 but。8．a give sb. a hand 为固定短语，意为“帮助某人” 。9．saying 此处作状语，非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。10．kindness 介词 of 后应用名词，故填 kindness。an act of kindness“善行” 。Ⅱ.短文改错(2016·烟台市二模)I was not good in math in the first year of junior high school. Having been failed so many times in math exams, I was anxious about the subject. Every time I tried hardly to work out a math problem, I was afraid of 10making mistakes, that really made me feel helpless. Luckily, I met a nice math teacher in second year. She told me that I didn't need to worry about making mistakes because I could find out my shortcomings through my mistake. She always encouraged myself to try again whenever I make a mistake. Thanks to my teacher's encouragement, I became interesting in math and made rapid progress. My experience proves that failure was the mother of success and that we can learn a lot from our mistakes.答案：第一句：第一个 in→at第二句：去掉 been第三句：hardly→hard; that→which第四句：second 前加 the第五句：mistake→mistakes第六句：myself→me; make→made第七句：interesting→interested第八句：was→is11第二讲 代__词单句语法填空1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)Now it occurred to him (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.3．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It's me/mine (I)”．4．(2014·广东高考语法填空)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination.5．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)The river was so polluted that it actually caught fire and burned.6．(2015·陕西高考改编)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.一、人称代词形式 句法功能主格 I, we, you, he, she, it, they主要用作主语，有时用作表语宾格 me, us, you, him, her, it, them作动词或介词的宾语；口语中常用宾格作表语①She was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。②Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。二、物主代词12形式 句法功能形容词性物主代词 my, our, your, his, her, its, their作定语名词性物主代词mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs作主语、宾语或表语He invited some friends of his to his party.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。三、反身代词形式 句法功能myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves作宾语、表语或同位语The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest.那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。[名 师 指 津 ]—————————————————————————————————————含有反身代词的习惯用语：by oneself 独自地 for oneself 亲自come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉 dress oneself 自己穿衣behave yourself 举止规矩有礼 devote oneself to 致力于apply oneself to 专心致志于 help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座，入席make yourself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于 —————————————————————————————————————四、指示代词指示代词 用法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this 可指下文将要谈到的人或物that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that 可指上文提到过的人或物such 指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词13或代词的数so代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样” 。在 believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess 等词后用 so 代替前文提出的观点①The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015·天津高考单选)这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。②Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald's.(2012·浙江高考单选)研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。③Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。④—Is James coming tonight?—I think so, but I'm not sure.——詹姆斯今晚会来吗？——我想会的，但我不能肯定。五、不定代词(一)不定代词的基本用法不定代词 用法each/both/alleach 指“(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个” ；both 表示“两者都” ；all 指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有，全部”either/neither either 表示“(两者中的)任何一个” ；neither 表示“两者都不”none/nothingnone 表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点” ；nothing 表示“没有任何东西，没有事”another another 泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一”other/othersother 泛指“其余的，另外的” ，只作定语。other＋可数名词复数＝othersthe other/the othersthe other 特指“(两者之中的)另一个” 。the other＋可数名词复数＝the others①As the two dictionaries are useful, I'll take both and either of them is very important to me.因为这两本字典有用，我把两本字典都带上，每一本对我而言都很重要。②—Would you like to go shopping with me on S