1、摘要 木賊木麻黃森草坪為重要台灣大蟋蟀棲地，森草坪 (forest lawn)一般意指墓園，但本文係指有木的草地。台灣大蟋 蟀成蟲身長約4.5公分，深入土中建構的地道，一方面提供棲身安全、 儲、進食、活動、交配、 排洩之處，二方面兼作為儲蛋與孵育 場所。由於成蟲在每一白節氣即會死亡。而台灣大蟋蟀蟲幼蟲 絕大部分在白節氣後才會續出土，此時氣候上，先有梅雨後有颱 風雨，短期內地道功能任務繁瑣，變化巨大懸殊，種族繁衍又如何以 賴？ 本研究首先取得木賊木麻黃森草坪棲地內台灣大蟋蟀成蟲 地道形，方法是採用水和水，以重方式灌入地道中，俟水分脫 乾後挖取水模型。在蟲期，模型有如 。且Y 字二頭相距以 20c
2、m為主，至 40cm。成蟲期配對時，這種基本造型，在雌蟲進入雄 蟲中後，有革命性變化。雌蟲依垂直擴充框架挖出另一地道，準備 生產；地道深入地下可超過1.5m。本文根據現場資模擬出典型結 構進滲透測定，成蟲期地道通水 2小時餘後依然安穩，而有一穩定 終滲透；依其功能尚可歸入為土壤粗孔隙。是以本研究做成台灣大 蟋蟀成蟲地道會間接或直接形成滲的結；僅如此，也會引 發土壤沖蝕或其他可能結構崩潰災害。 蟲期，當地道因處排洩物而失去部分空間後，如已造成地道 環境佳，台灣大蟋蟀會抛棄該舊地道而另築新地道；但成蟲期台灣 大蟋蟀除非是母蟲，否則即再遷移，一但決定藏身地道中必在進 時均以土形成土保護在地道穿口外，
3、土土含有養分常低於鄰 近土壤。台灣大蟋蟀成蟲常擴大地道半徑因應氣候上大水的衝擊， 另一個原因引起地道的演化是因為母蟲在配對後，在地道的新建築 為，這些為影響地道直徑曲線之形。 關鍵詞：台灣大蟋蟀、木賊木麻黃防風、水平擴充框架、垂直擴 充框架、y 模型，滲、土壤沖蝕。 Abstract The earth tunnels for adult Brachytrupes Portentosus are deeply created inside the ground. On the one hand, it offer as safe living spaces or feces treatment
4、 zones. It also served as egg laying and lavae breeding, on the other hand., at least for the period of the continuing four months (from June to September). All adults are died out after white dew festival( 白), while new born lavae climb up to soil surface to build their own tunnels. It is coinciden
5、tly the season of the east Asian rainy season( 梅雨季) coming firstly and the typhoon rains coming immediately afterward. Those functions of the tunnels are, therefore, dramestically changed and essentially critical to ecology and soil erosion problems. How the crickets overcome or escape from these im
6、pacts. The mode of crickets tunnel shape was obtained by pouring the liquidized cement into the earth tunnel, and waited until dried out. The tunnel looked like” Y” in the nymphs period. The two upper ends of Y mode ranged from 20 to 40 cm. The mode changed into a complex structure in mature period
7、The new tunnel models followed a vertical framework used to create for the purpose to produce new generation after matching. A soil dome over the through hole which piled around soil particles in nymphal or mature period. The total length of the earth tunnel might be over 1.5 meter. The tunnel was u
8、sed only for about one month, then gave up forever. Biodiversity was benefited due to the abandoned tunnels became homes of other microorganisms in the soils. The soils from dome in the upper part of soil tunnel will mix up if rains come during the young stage of nymphs while drain firmly during nea
9、r-mature or mature stages. The infiltration test for connection of the tunnel shows a final stable infiltration rate, after 2 hours escape time, tunnel seems like a maceopore, and lead to a conclusion that seepage is not at all directly or indirectly formed and no soil ruin occurs, thus, no erosion
10、potential is expected and it is stable even after a long rain during cricket in mature stage The important reason of transfer action in nymph period is due to uncomfortable and dirty ，while adult male is never change. The tunnel again. The evolution of earth tunnel sighificently occurred in diameter
11、 enlargement one reason is water dissipation,an additionl reason perhapes the construction action for a femal adult after matching. The variation of diameter curve is proposed in the shape to account these influences. Key words: Formosan Giant Cricket, Casuarina Aquisetifolia L. Windbreaks, the vertical and horizontal framework models, y mode model, seepage, soil erosion.
