1、第七讲,动词的时态和语态,动词的时态,一、动词的基本形式,(续表),(续表),二、常用的10 种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表,(续表),三、注意以下几种时态的区别1一般过去时和现在完成时,(1)一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,常与表过去,的时间状语连用,即仅谈过去,无关现在。如:,We went to the zoo last Sunday. 上个星期天我们去了动物,园。,(2)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响,与现在有联系,可能刚结束,也可能继续下去。不能与表过去的时间状语连用,译成汉语时可加“已经”。如:We have been to the zoo for
2、 three times so far.到目前为止,我,们已经去了三次动物园了。,2一般过去时和过去进行时,(1)一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。如:It rained heavily last night.昨晚雨下得很大。,(2)过去进行时侧重于强调在过去某个特定时间某动作的,持续过程或表示动作正在进行。如:,I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天这个时,候我正在做作业。,3现在完成时和现在完成进行时,(1)现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。如:I have read that book.我已经读了那本书。,(2)现在完成
3、进行时着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延,续性。如:,It has been raining for three days.已经下了三天的雨了。,动词的语态,一、概念,动词的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:,我们应该更重视英语。,We should attach more importance to English.(主动语态)More importance should be attached to English.(被动语态),二、动词的被动语态构成,注意:1.被动语态的否定式是在情态动词、第一个助动词,或 be 动词后加
4、 not。,2短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介、副词。,3固定结构 be going to, used to, have to, had better 变为被,动语态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。,4“It is said/believed/supposed/reported that.”“It is generallyconsidered that.”“It is well-known that.” 等 , 及 “It must beadmitted/pointed out that.”等结构中的动词常以被动形式出现。,5以下主动形式常表被动意义:,The car needs/want
5、s/requires washing.The car needs/wants/,requires to be washed.汽车需要洗了。,The film is worth seeing.这部电影值得看。The door wont shut/open.这门不能关/开。The play wont act.这部戏不会上演。The clothes wash well.这件衣服很好洗。The book sells well.这本书很畅销。,The dish tastes delicious.这道菜尝起来很美味。,6以下动词及短语只用主动语态:happen, appear, become,last, cost, occur, lack, fit, mean, join, equal, fail, enter, have,contain, belong to, take place, break out, come about, consist of,lose heart, keep up with 等。,