1、完型笔记(孔纬)熟词僻意:Tell:tell right from wrong 明辨是非Automated Teller Machine 自动取款机(出纳)Fine:Yon well be fined.罚款There is a fine difference between A and B.细微的学会替换:重要 important:vital essential 本质上的 crucial 至关重要的 significant 有意义的,重要的Indispensable 不可缺少的语法是理解句子的关键:Child as he is,尽管他是个孩子(n./adj.)You are the last
2、man I will marry.全世界男人都死光了,我也不会嫁给你。If you shed tears when you miss the sun,you also miss the stars.Tagore完型的几大特点:1、首句不设空,要足够重视,往往是中心句2、以句子为单位,一句一句读3、做两遍完型的常见干扰模式:1、形近干扰:vacation 假期 vocation 职业;later 后来 latter 后者2、反义干扰,同义干扰:affect 去影响(do) ,effect 影响到;compare 比较相同和不同,contrast 比较不同3、忧郁原则:做完形忧郁时,选择最简单的那
3、个。广义优先(意思最广) 。Beyond:Its beyond belief.难以置信Its beyond doubt.毋庸置疑Its beyond me.我做不到Total:总数,合计Fail to do sth.没有做成Cease 停止:If the pleasure is the business of life,it ceases to be a pleasure.Somesome结构同现4、上下义关系:No one can manufacture a lock without the key.Similarly God wont give us a problem without s
4、olution.Except in mathematics,the shortest distance between point A and point B is seldom a straight line.Being on sea,sail;being on land,settle.随遇而安Some/any/many/one/the+other We cannot hold a torch to light anothers path without lighting our own.科学研究 tedious(枯燥的) ,爱迪生是 curious(好奇的)大脑非常 ingenious(聪
5、明的) ,工作起来 industrious(勤奋的)强调句:It is the first step that costs trouble.万事开头难It is not place,not the condition,but the mind alone that makes people happy or miserable(悲惨). 态度决定一切听力笔记(万路)听力改革:听力 35%,阅读 35%1、分值比例增加2、听力题型增多3、考试时间增长Catch the main idea and topic of the dialogue.主旨Lawn 草坪 mow the lawnColumn
6、s 柱子 It sure is!/I sure do!/I sure am!Architecture,Greek styleGrab the specific details in a dialodue.细节Find out the location and relationship.情景Clerk 员工 employer&employeeUnderstand the attitude,opinion and feeling of the speakers.发音、词汇、句式英语语调 Vocabulary升/降:升negative 疑问;降positive 肯定陈述四级听力词汇类型:1、特色词汇
7、2、口语词汇:amazing,cool,fantastic ,terrific,fabulous,awesome 表示好3、习语词汇:smell a rat;smell sth fishy 死人了;out of business 倒闭听力做题战略听前听中听后 读听选读:快速识别是原则,预测主体是目的。扫视法,竖读法(长句子)听:专心听,取舍词,做笔记,关键词分析选项:短对话1、所听非所选,同源词& 同义词(词义改变,词性改变不选)2、twins 选项3、同质选项(绝对的词可排除)排除相同选相反4、3:1 选项选 15、2:1:1 选项6、非常规选项7、同义替换选项Measure 衡量 plea
8、sure 开心 leisure 闲 treasure 财富忙里偷 leisure 得到的 pleasure 是 treasure 无法 measure 的Sleepcreep 爬 perish 流逝cherish 珍惜 ripe 收割reap 成熟 mature 成熟(形容人成熟)Changing face can change nothing,but facing change can change anything.The most exhausting thing in life is being insincere.The best things come when you least
9、 expect them to.Spect=look,expect 期望;aspect 方面;respect 尊重;inspect 观察,探究;prospect 前景;suspect 怀疑;circumspect 小心翼翼的(=around)Refuse to do sth 拒绝 fuse=pour 倾,倒 prohibit/prevent sb from doing sth 禁止Refuse 直接拒绝;decline 缓慢下降,婉拒; reject 严辞拒绝(扔)effuse 溢出,流出;infuse 注入;confuse 困惑(一起) ;transfuse 输血,注射(跨越)vent=we
10、nt(to come) prevent 阻碍(往前) intervene 干涉,调停(之间) has an affair with 有绯闻convenient 方便 event 大事,户外活动 eventually 最终的 incident 小事 accident 事故pose=put expose 暴露 expose sth to the light a day 曝光 oppose(op=against 反抗) impose 强加rebirth 重生 reclaim 教化 reform 改革(reform and opening up 改革开放)一国两制 one country,two sy
11、stems;三个代表 three representsRefresh 恢复精神 reinforce 增强,加强 recede 后退,撤退(跑)要想成功 succeed 就要超越 exceed 继续努力 proceed 从不后退 recedeA good conscience is a soft pillow.开会协商 confer 意见不同 differ 争论痛苦 suffer 相互干涉 interfereA case in point 很好的例子 观点,a case in point is thatNumerous examples can be given to demonstrate/i
12、llustrate this viewpoint,but the most persuasive/compelling one is the case thatToo numerous to list 举不胜举Victory belongs to the most persevering.NapoleonNever impose your beliefs on anyone else.己所不欲勿施于人Familiar paths and old friends are the best.熟路好遵循,老友最珍贵Never fear shadows.They simply(=only) mean
13、that there is a light shining somewhere nearby.Go somewhere 上厕所1、细节混淆题Features:四个选项排列同类型事物关键信息在最后结尾处出现Free:没有,不含,禁止 duty free 免税店;sugar free 不含糖Classic 经典的 classical 古典的Two packs of cigarettes 两包烟 petrol=gasoline 汽油2、地点场景题Lift=elevator 电梯; escalator 自动扶梯;diner 吃饭的人;cafeteria=restaurant 餐馆经典场景:cantee
14、n,library,hotel ,airport常见问题:show service 上菜慢;wrong order 上错菜;ask for the bill 买单Appetizer 开胃菜 entre 主菜 beef steak 牛排 dessert 甜点Let me take you out to dinner. Its my treat. Its on me. Lets split the bill.Lets go fifty fifty. Mistakefor3、But 转折句语气助词逻辑转折邀请场景委婉的拒绝否定4、数字计算题Departure 离港(飞机场) arrival 降落 c
15、heck our baggage go through the customsDelayed 晚点 cancelled 取消 book a ticket check-in counter boarding pass/card security checkPick sb. up at the airportHows the flight?Its quite smooth. Its a little bumpy.See sb. offhave a nice flight.5、比较关系题形容词比较级:more/less better/worseKeep up 保持 clear up 天晴 warm
16、up 越来越热 cool down/off比较关系题:A is superior to B A is prior to B A is inferior to B A is similas to BA is the same as B A is asas B/A is not asas B同义句替换:I had expected (=thought) the shirt to be cheaper.Black man 邪恶的人 in the black 赢利/in the red 赤字 black horse 黑马 black sheep 害群之马White man 善良的人 White ele
17、phant 大而无用的东西 black and white 书面的black and blue 青一块紫一块 green hand 新手 green meet 新鲜肉 in the green 青春期green eyes 眼红 green back/power 有钱人 blue blood 贵族 blue moon 千载难逢的机会6、请求建议题疑问句:Hadnt you better go to dinner with me tonight?黄金句式一:how/what about doing白金句式二:why do you do ?/why do ? 表否定;why dont you do
18、?/why not do ? 表肯定钻石句式三:wouldnt sb. do ?/wouldnt be ok?/shouldnt sb. do ?/should sb. do ?(句式转换)训练方法:Quality is not an act,its a habit!习惯的力量有恒 persistence,有序 order,有量 workload(上午 9-10 点,下午 3-5 点)精听:完整做完一套题 泛听总听全文(把握主旨大意) 细听每句(1、2 遍) 查找原文 仔细琢磨跟读(辩音,语音语调) 、模仿(重音,句式,短语) 、听抄、背诵(短对话、名人名言) 、默写、汉翻英三六九原则:每星期
19、听三篇听力材料,真题听三遍,每次听六遍(经典) ,每次听九十分钟“弦外之音”对话听力题:1、语气助词题Yuck! Nut! Ouch! Oops!Positive:yeah/cool/wow/great/bingo/amazing/absolutelyNegative:oh my God!/oh no/tough luck/what a pity/never/nonsenseWell 表不赞同,表怀疑;come on 表否定态度2、虚拟语气题If sth. had happened,sb. would have done sth.I wish /If only3、否定关系题hardly/sca
20、rely/rarely/barely/seldom/little/few 隐含的否定词tooto,usedto,fail to,far from,beyond 表肯实否句We sell nothing but the best. 表否实肯句nothing but=just,anything but=notI cant agree more!/No doubt!/No wonder!不奇怪4、推理隐含题“声东击西”的回答方式听力理解的误区:1、精准把握听力句型:You dont say? 真的吗?It has been four years since I smoked. 我戒烟四年了。Peop
21、le will be long forgetting him. 人们不会忘记他。Its no more than just a misunderstanding. 这只是个误会。The party last night couldnt be more interesting.Nancy likes nothing better than sleep later(睡懒觉).2、背单词不如背句子(每天积累三个句子):3、提问提示要点原则4、重、慢、停、反原则长对话:日常口语交流;校园;honey,darling,sweetheart,sweetie;I know 同意It cost his a f
22、ortune.Too rich for my blood!It cost him an arm and a leg.How much ?OverchargeHow much does the dealer charge him for this?*长对话解题原则:1、所听即所选原则2、出题顺序一致原则长对话叙事结构:起 转 收Head(第一题) detail(二三题) conclusion(第四题)把握出题点:开头复合式听写:说明文(exposition)1、辩音能力:同音异形词(连续、简化、弱化 )2、单词拼写:四级核心词汇N. comparison,proportion后缀:ment ,
23、ness,tion,age,ence,ance,ity,ty ,ure ,shipV. alarming/disturbing/establishedAdj. enthusiastic/competitive后缀:able,ible,ous,ful,tic,tive ,ent,alAdv. increasingly/emotionally3、速记能力:阅读、听抄复合听写做题步骤:1、浏览文字材料,了解大意、主题句2、预测单词空信息,获取线索a、语篇信号词线索; b、语法形式线索3、开始听录音,听三遍(边听边写,双管齐下)No1、以听为主,以及为辅,先写偶数空,再写奇数空,3-5 个单词空No2
24、、以记为主,以听为辅,记听要点,扩充成句No3、查漏补缺,检查单词拼写和语法常见错误:A、双谓语:1、V.原型当主语2、长句(非并列句)谓语动词大于等于 2(在第二个动词前+that/who)B、主谓不一致:1、people(单复数同形)永为复数(做人时)2、there be 就近原则3、A of B 结构, A 是主体C、时态混淆:时态要简化,以一般时为主,一句话里时间要一致态 一般 进行 完成 完成现在时现在过去将来过去将来D、过于口语化:appreciate 谢谢;expect to 期待(想)E、介词搭配错:be thankful for/be appreciative ofF、小错误
25、们:1、名词裸奔:N.前要有冠词/ 所有格2、变性手术:she/he/his/her3、比较级不要加 more4、过去分词不要加-edG、拼写错误:注意元音字母 的区别句式改写:改写原则:保留主干,省略修饰成分;用简单词句代替复杂词句短文听力:A、信息量大(把握主旨)B、单词量大C、背景材料题材:1、人物类听力短文记叙文:生卒年月,性格特点,人生经历,事迹贡献,把握时间2、故事类记叙文:把握时间、地点、人物、情节;注意首句和最后一句There flowers are a small taken of my gratitude. 谨以此花聊表谢忱。Weep 抽泣3、科普类听力:段首段尾一般是题眼
26、,以细节为主,出题直截了当,因果关系题和常识题多4、文化历史教育听力技巧:1、主旨题:龙头凤尾原则2、细节题:所听即所选原则;考点固定原则A、强调动词:Sam said What I want to tell you is She maintained He argued that B、转折词:but/yet/still/unexpectedlyC、逻辑关系词:原因、结果、递进D、事实罗列词:actually/in fact/basically/indeedE、最高级F、 “重要”形容词G、情态动词H、序数词Success always comes to those who are too b
27、usy to be looking for it.阅读笔记(刘兴奇)阅读:单词,长难句,题型,选项分析,文章规律,快速阅读,选词填空四种不理想的记忆法:1、狂读派;2、狂写派;3、细水流长派;4、鸳鸯蝴蝶派注意事项:1、短时间突破:15 天搞定四级单词2、重复再重复:1 书 5 遍,一天 5 遍3、随时记忆:心里想的什么,眼里看到的就是什么4、小技巧:一次只记一义,从后往前记忆具体方法:1、词根词缀法:80% 星火四级词汇 如 compose(放在一起)作文,作曲,构成,合成;composer 作曲家;composition 作文pose:decompose 分解;depose(向下放)降职,
28、罢免;deposit 下蛋,积蓄,沉淀,寄存,押金dispose 处理;propose 建议,求婚2、联想法:nutrition,leisure 休息,sleeve 衣袖,slope 斜坡3、对比记忆:evil 邪恶的(live ) ingenious 聪明的, ingenuous 天真的背单词:多个数,多遍数(6 遍) ,少时间误区:只知中文解释,不知英文内涵:坚持 insist on(坚持某观点) ;persist in(反复坚持)怀疑 suspect(怀疑是真的) ;doubt(怀疑是假的)只知一个词义,不知熟词僻意:paper 论文,考卷,报纸; depost 存钱不知口语词汇和书面词
29、汇的区别:predicament 左右为难;trouble 麻烦阅读练习法:1、九分钟连蒙带猜做完文章2、反思错因3、查找词句自己练习提高:1、intensive reading 材料:真题,教材;目的:字句2、extensive reading 材料:china daily 等;目的:快。不查词句! 3%的超纲词词汇题:标志:“means/refers to” ;解法:词根词缀+ 上下文;技巧:形近词错,字面意思的选项错指代题:标志:“means/refers to” ;解法:就近原则,代前原则先看题目,后看文章细节题:第一步:在题干或选项中找定位词(特点:独特、新鲜)定位词依次为:专有名词
30、、数字、时间、时态、带引号的内容、名词或名词词组、比较级和最高级、动词、形容词、副词第二步:定位原文;定位方法:1、根据定位词定位;2、根据顺序出题原则定位(90%)3、根据问答同段原则定位(90%)4、卡位第三步:将题目和文章对比,找同义选项,三步之内必有解药And(句首 )表因此错误模式:1、原文中没有(无中生有)2、答非所问3、与原文相反4、半对半错Plump 丰满(fat) slim/slender/slight(thin)苗条 sexy/hot 性感Dominate 支配,统治,主导 dominant 支配的,占统治地位的推理题:1、标志:infer/imply/conclude/
31、learn(获知)2、分类:全文推理题(+passage) ;细节推理题(+段落/细节)3、解法:能够定位不用愁(细节题) ,先看屁股后看头(全文推理提) ,适当运用排除法,选项定位很灵哦(排除法)阅读文章重点:1、转折让步句:转折句:(强)but/however/yet(然而)/still/in fact/virtually(事实上)/nonetheless/nevertheless(弱)today/surprisingly(奇怪的)让步句:despite/in spite of/though/while/although/even+词/even if/even though/whereas
32、/notwithstanding/since/whatever/in contrast/on the contrary/conversely(相反)/unlike 等2、并列递进:and/or/also/another/too/either/then/moreover(而且、此外)/in addition/above/all/most/especially/in other words/that is to say/not only,but also/as well as3、时间线索题:now/in the past4、因果目的题:therefore/hence/thus/to do sth.
33、5、主旨题:a、全文首句b、一段末二段首的转折句c、结论性的句子:show/conclude/indicate/suggest非重点的句子:例子;人名地名等专有名词;插入语、定语等修饰词句;并列句式主旨句的标志:title/purpose/main解法:1、找全文主旨句2、把各段主旨句相加3、结构归纳和寻找高频词干扰选项:1、偏题2、范围过大3、范围过小(细节、段落主题)激情法、超快法、恐怖法、哭读法态度题(attitude/tone)“能够定位不用愁,先看屁股后看头”选项分析:1、褒义:objective 客观的;optimistic 乐观的;cautious 谨慎的;positive 积极
34、的;supportive 支持的;enthusiastic 热情的2、中性:critical,doubtful,neutral 中立的,negative,concerned,defensive ,compromising3、贬义:indifferent,prejudiced 偏见的,arbitrary 武断的,pessimistic,subjective态度题技巧:1、在作者态度题里,贬义词不是答案2、在没有转折的情况下,作者与专家是一伙的3、客观、乐观、谨慎、惊讶必居其一(作者态度题)选词填空:7 分钟做题时间1、按词性分类:4N,4V,4adj,3adv2、逐句做题:选词三看看词性、看意义
35、、看语法3、检查翻译:单词:3-8 单词 词组、固定搭配: 80% 语法: 20%直译(降低中文水平) 、意译汉译英解题步骤:1、通读全句,确定语法成分(两个句子不能用逗号相连)2、审查时态,决定表达方式3、核心动词入手,书写准确无误4、重新审视,确认句法合理语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数)内容忠实(原文内容不得遗漏和增删)语法流畅(符合英文表达)A society of harmony a man of taste a man of years a man of menWith this faith,we are able to hew out of the mountain of des
36、pair a stone of hope.What is worth doing is worth doing well.信念:belief/faith/convictionA man who has made up his mind to win will never to say “impossible”.A wanderer who is determined to reach his destination will never fear the rain.快速阅读:解法:同仔细阅读的细节题和主旨题NG 的表现形式:选项的全体或部分内容没出现判断解法:1、寻找主宾;2、卡位;3、往下读
37、两段;一般只有一道,位于 5-7 题之间;段落重点在首末句!例证题:标志:example/story/case解法:定位原文找观点技巧:1、例子可以不看,除非观点看不懂2、出现例子内容的选项必错1、资本;2、人脉;3、经验;4、技能;5、文凭(学历) ;6、思维;7、表达;8、沟通(6、7、8 为软实力)写作笔记(周思成)1、Time limit : 30mins2 分钟审题构思,8 分钟打草稿(第一段,每段首句,中间段首句后面那个词) ,18 分钟誊到卷子上,2 分钟检查2、评分原则:整体评分:2、5、8、11、14(第一段很重要)提示:A 字数、字迹、笔(黑水笔)B 格式:顶格写,每一段空
38、一行C 改错方法:直接划掉By means of:by means of work第一句话不要太过,有且只有题中的核心名词(开门见山脚) 由远及近*口红原则:并列无处不在,修饰无处不在Adj./n./v. (and) n. 前加 adj.(性质) v./adj. 前加 adv.(程度)Superior 更好的(=better) be superior to better v.=improve 改进并列的方式:1、平行方式:A and B ;not only A but also B;A 、B and C;A as well as B;no A nor B(又不又不) ;either A or
39、B“很”字句:It is +adj for sb+to do/that把 v 加上 ingIt is challenging for us toIt is rewarding to do写作四原则:(*)一、标题不会看题纲,对应词性内容大便(普通) (*) ,结构不变,语言多变,错误靠边简单、主流(simple,but to the point)万能理由法:(第二段用)1、convenient:It is extremely convenient for us toOut of the reasons of convenience2、efficient:enhance the efficien
40、cy 提高效率3、save and waste:(money,time and energe):frugal way 节约的方式4、psychology and character 心理和性格: relieve the stress 缓解压力;cultivate ones培养某人5、colorful life:enrich of life6、environmental protection:benefit7、health8、experience9、development如何排段:1、全文至少三段,每一点中文提纲至少一段2、全文总分总,每一段总起;第二段主体:why/how(把提纲分成 why/
41、how)3、适当加段:当中文提纲一应写成 why/how 时写作时应加第一段结构不变:用一套结构和逻辑解决所有问题!写作结构三段式1、由现象引入中心2、分论点讨论(why/how) (总共用 3、4 点,第二段用 2 个)3、我的看法/总结及原因第一段第一句话:现象,宽泛的扣题(复合句,有且只有题中的 key,n.)第一句话通式: A、状语a、时间+地点:currently in China/previously,in our highly civilized and industrialized societygloblized 全球化b、条件和伴随:随着社会的发展:with the dev
42、elopment of our societya/the,所有格+ 名词复数独立主格:with our society developing increasingly faster ,B、引入状 语 引 子 主 体时 间 大家 /越来越多人 sth 很怎么样地 点 认 为 越来越怎样条 件 有一个现象 for/toa、it is generally acknowledged that大家都认为b、an increasing number of people maintain/deem/reckon thatC、主体n. is very adj. (for/to)a、语法变难:be + adj.
43、=be of +n.is of +great/increasing;significance 重要,necessity,popularity 流行I trust those who are of use to me.用人不疑疑人不用b、词变难:very=extremely =extraordinarily 非凡的=tremendously 巨大的 =significantlyimportant=vital 重要的=essential 必要的=prevalent 流行=indispensable 必不可少的Yesterday is the history.Tomorrow is still a
44、mystery.第二句:引入,由近及远(以下方法为并列存在)1、描述身边事实:可排比或细分法(细分名词)至不同情况(2-3 个) 第二段用2、过去对比现在:(问题型文章常用) 过去好,however,现在不好(In the past,however,now)3、举个例:for instance,27 out of 35 of my classmate failed to 原则:收放收4、名人名言:编造My professor once told us that;As a famous proverb goes that第三句话:中心;由远及近(引入方法的四点都可以用于第二段!) ;简短,强调1
45、、但是?关于这个问题,不同人有不同看法However,?Concerning this question,peoples viewpoins differ dramatically.2、因此,如何解决这个问题成为大家关心的事Therefore, how to has become a matter of concern for many.3、为什么会有这个现象呢?大家都关心其原因。Why does/is ?Everyone espresses serious concerns of the reasons.第一段:现象(长、宽泛)+引入(近)+中心(言简意赅) 成倒梯形第二段:(可能有平行段)
46、1、段首中心句(开始第一段欲扬先抑,然后第二段发扬光大)2、分论点(3-4 句)分论点原则:a、一致性:人的一致(一段只说一种人的看法) ;态度一致性(一种人就是一种态度)b、发展性:从个人到社会,从物质到精神(从小到大)First of all/On the top of list/To begin with;moreover/more importantly;further/In addition;Last but not the least/besides/on the one hand,on the other,c、连贯性:结尾段:1、我的看法/总结: In my point of v
47、iew;When it comes to me;2、双主要原因:As far as I am concerned;I maintain/deem/reckon(=I think) ;To conclude/To wrap up(=In conclusion);1、in thatnot onlybut(but 后可换主语)2、.(句号) 第一个原因;meanwhile,第二个原因.Consequently,(改写句子,意思不变)3、This is largely due to the fact that ,but also because要说出具体、有说服力的原因第一段呈倒梯形,全文呈灯笼形分论
48、点内部虚实结合Where we fear is only fear itself.连贯性:英文衔接,写出逻辑词1、起承转合词:and=meanwhile=moreover;but=however ;conversely=on the contraryso=therefor=accordingly=as a consequence2、把连词写成副词3、如何处理重复:回文a、重复名词用代词:it/they/that/thisb、重复名词、动词、形容词用同义词c、重复前面句子大意,用whichThe sun goes up,then it goes down.如何改进“能够”句型:1、It is highly possible for us/that we2、Doing sth. enables us to3、Doing sth. make it possible for us to并短成长6、二段中心句:万能二段开头A、There are several possiblea、solutions that can address(解决) this difficulty.b、reasons that can account(财产解释状况 ) for this phenomenon.c、factor that may give rise to this cons