1、单元加餐练.阅读理解ATo us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains, but actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun!Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times.
2、 Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the 11th century BC.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be use
3、d only by those in high office.In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was commonly used in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.During the Middl
4、e Ages, the use of umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late 16th century. And again it was considered as a symbol of power. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later in England.By the 18th century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Eu
5、rope.Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colors.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伞最初产生时的用途以及其后来的演变。 1According to this passage, the umbrel
6、la was probably first invented in ancient _ .AChina BEgypt C Greece DRome答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可判断伞最初或许是在中国产生的。2Which of the following statements is NOT true about the umbrella?ANo one exactly knows who the inventor of the umbrella was.B The umbrella was first invented to be used as protection agains
7、t the sun.C The umbrella changed much in style in the 18th century.DIn Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第一段中的“Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time”可知，一直以来， 伞在风格上没有什么大的变化。3A strange feature of the umbrellas use is that it wa
8、s used as _ .Aprotection against rain B a shade against the sunC a symbol of honor and powerDwomens decoration答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“And there was a strange thing . a symbol of honor.”和最后一句“. only by those in high office.”可判断出答案。BThe history of civil engineering (土木工程) is a very important story in th
9、e development of civilization (文明). Civil engineers began practising their profession four thousand years ago.What is left of their work is the proof that they were wise. These engineers of the ancient world built entire cities. They designed systems of pipes which supplied fresh water. They built w
10、ater pipelines for farmlands as well as bridges of great length. The relics of their buildings tell us much about the work of early engineers.Consider the pyramids of Egypt. They are evidence that some of the earliest engineers had great scientific ability. There is also evidence that those engineer
11、s could make lasting work of art and design. Although they lived thousands of years ago，the Egyptian engineers used very exact measurements. The base of the largest pyramidthe Great Pyramid near Gizacomes to within inches of being a perfect square. The pyramid is perfectly placed. Each corner points
12、 toward the exact directions of north, south, east and west. The inside of the pyramid is filled with complicated (复杂的 ) passages and tunnels. These lead to different rooms inside the pyramid. Many of these passages are of great length and height.The engineers of Egypt did more than design the pyram
13、ids. They also set up methods of moving and shaping the building materials. These materials were very heavy. They had to be brought from miles away and sometimes lifted several hundred feet. During the work the engineers commanded thousands of workers. The pyramids remain as evidence of the abilitie
14、s of the ancient Egyptian engineers.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。土木工程的发展历史在文明进程中居重要地位。文中以埃及金字塔的土木工程建筑为例，介绍了土木工程师在建设中的重要贡献。4Forty centuries ago _ .Athere appeared civil engineers by professionB people began practising engineering in order to become professional engineersC civil engineers began putting their knowled
15、ge into practiceDcivil engineers got more involved in their profession答案：C 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，4,000 年前，土木工程师已经开始把他们的知识运用到实践中了。5The civil engineers of ancient times were wise enough to build entire cities, including _ .Asystems of pipes, bridges and machineryB pipeline systems, bridges and farmlandsC w
16、ater supply systems, bridges and pipelinesDwater supply systems, bridges and stadiums答案：C 细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句可知，古代土木工程师建起的城市包括水利系统、桥梁和管道等。6From the passage we know that _ .Abuilding materials were broken into small piecesB there were no requirements for the size and shape of building materialsC Egyptian
17、 engineers were not concerned with the size and shape of building materialsDbuilding materials were processed (加工) to meet certain requirements答案：D 推理判断题。由第三段第六句“The pyramid is perfectly placed.”和第四段第二句“They also set up methods of moving and shaping the building materials.”可推知，人们对 建筑材料进行加工以满足某种需要。7T
18、he passage can be best titled “_ ”AEvidence of Human CivilizationB Early Civil EngineersC Ancient Architecture (建筑)DDevelopment of Civil Engineering答案：A 标题判断题。整篇文章主要在讲述人类文明的证据。B 项 局限于早期的土木工程师，不够全面；C 项局限于古代建筑；D 项指土木工程的发展。.七选五(2017全国卷 )Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre
19、 trying to get work done. _1_ , there are several ways to handle things. Lets take a look at them now._2_ . Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planne
20、d and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then. _3_ . It can help to eliminate (消除) future interruptions.When you need to talk to someone, dont do it in your own office. _4_ , its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone o
21、ut of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. _5_ . If someone knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed, youre not to be dist
22、urbed.AIf youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noB When you want to avoid interruptions at workC Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesDIf youre in the other persons office or in a public areaEIts important that you let them know when youll be availableFIt might seem unkind to cut pe
23、ople short when they interrupt youGLeave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何避免工作时受到打扰提出了几点建议。1B 空格后说“有几种方法来处理这些情况” ，B 项“当你想在工作中避免受到打扰时”与上下文衔接紧密，故为答案。2A 设空处位于段首，根据后文提到的告诉对方你很抱歉、向对方解释你有很多事情要做以及另约时间可知，本段是讲述在自己很忙的时候不要不好意思拒绝，故选 A 项。3E 空格前说“当人们试图打扰你时，你要确定好
24、时间，让他们知道什么时候回来找你或者你去找他们” ，空格后说“这样做能帮你消除未来受到打扰的可能” ，E 项“让他们知道你什么时候有空非常重要”与上下文衔接紧密，故为答案。4D 空格前的“in your own office”与 D 项中的“in the other persons office”相对应 。D 项“如果你在别人的办公室或者公共区域”与空格后的内容衔接紧密，故为答案。5G 根据空格前的“如果你的办公室有门，那么就好好利用它”可知，本段主要讲述如何利用办公室的门来避免受到打扰。故选 G 项。.语法填空Cultural relics are a part of history, an
25、d represent peoples cultural treasures. Therefore, it is important for us to protect _1_ (they)_2_we know, most cultural relics are really valuable because they have seen _3_history of our country, _4_allow us to have a better understanding of our countrys history and culture. We can also learn a lo
26、t from our ancestors (祖先 ) and feel proud of being a Chinese person while _5_(enjoy) these valuable treasures. In addition, we are able to develop tourism and promote the economy when the well _6_(protect) cultural relics are open to public.However, some cultural relics _7_(damage) by people now. Fo
27、r example, buildings carved (雕刻) _8_peoples names can be seen here and there. There is no doubt that more valuable historical relics will disappear if people keep destroying them.Therefore, it is high time that we should take measures to protect cultural relics. To begin with, we can make speeches a
28、nd put up posters _9_(educate) people how important it is to protect cultural relics. Besides, money can be collected to have some buildings repaired.In a word, _10_is our duty to spare no effort to protect cultural relics.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过阐释文化遗产的重要性，号召人们采取措施
29、积极保护文化遗产。1them 考 查代词。设空处作 protect 的宾语，故用宾格。2As 考查定语从句的引导词。as we know “正如我们所知” ，此处 as 引导 非限制性定语从句，as 指代主句内容。3the 考查冠词。the history of our country “我们国家的历史” ，the 在此表特指。4which 考查定语从句的引导词。which 此处引导非限制性定语从句，补 充说明 cultural relics，且在从句中作主 语。5enjoying 考查非谓语动词。此 处为时间状语从句的省略。由于从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有 be 的某种形式，故将从
30、句中的主语和 be 动词 省略。while enjoying 相当于 while we are enjoying。6protected 考查词性 转换。protected “受保护的” ，为形容词，修饰后面的 cultural relics。7are being damaged 考查动词的时态和语态。由句中时间状语now 可知，用 现在进行时，由 cultural relics 与 damage 之间为被动关系可知，用被动语态，故此处用现在进行时的被动语态。8with 考 查介词。be carved with . “被雕刻有 ”。9to educate 考查非谓语动词 。此处动词不定式表目的。
31、10it 考查代词。此处 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to spare no effort to protect cultural relics。.书面表达假如你叫李华，你的美国朋友 Teddy 即将到中国来旅游，他对中国的古文化遗址很感兴趣，尤其是对长城向往已久，请你给Teddy 写一封 100 词左右的 email，向他简要介绍一下有关长城的情况：1.长城位于中国北部，全长约 6,700 公里，1987 年被列入世界遗产名录 ；2.长城从秦朝开始修建，修建长城的最初目的是抵御外来敌人进攻；3.长城是古代劳动人民创造的奇迹，是人类历史上最伟大的工程之一。参考词汇：世界遗产名录 t
32、he World Heritage List；奇迹 wonderDear Teddy，_Wish you all the best. Hope to see you soon!Yours，Li Hua标准范文Dear_Teddy，I am glad to hear that you will come to China. Youve told me that you are very interested in ancient Chinese cultural relics, especially the Great Wall. Now, I will tell you something a
33、bout the Great Wall. The Great Wall lies in the northern part of China, which is about 6,700 kilometers long. In 1987, it was added to the World Heritage List. The Great Wall was built in the Qin Dynasty to prevent the enemies invading the inner part. The Great wall is a wonder that was built by the ancient Chinese working people and it is also one of the greatest wonders in the history of human beings.Wish_you_all_the_best._Hope_to_see_you_soon!Yours，Li_Hua
