1、单元加餐练.完形填空Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full _1_ of the facts he observes. He doesnt accept ideas which are not _2_on obvious facts, and therefore _3_to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He
2、 always checks ideas _4_ and makes experiments to prove them.The rise of _5_ science may perhaps be considered to _6_ as far back as the _7_ of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,who lived _8_ the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably thefirst in the Middle Ages to suggest that we must l
3、earn science _9_ observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself _10_ many important truths.Galileo (15641642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, _11_ began to show how many important _12_ c
4、ould be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more _13_ towards the earth than small ones, _14_ Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the _15_ of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two _16_ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was
5、Galileos _17_ of going direct to Nature, and proving our _18_ and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.What _19_ those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know it clearly that successful scientists are those whose observations have _20_ be
6、tter results.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者通过实例阐明自己的观点：一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。1A.use BtimeC speed Dtrust答案：A 根据语境可知，此处是 make use of “利用，使用”这一固定词组。2A.relied BbasedC insisted Dcentered答案：B 根据该空前的“He doesnt accept ideas”和后面的“on obvious facts”可知，此处是 be based on/upon 这个固定词组，表示“以为基础，基于” 。3A.refu
7、ses BdesiresC intends Dregrets答案：A 由空格前面的“doesnt accept”和 “and therefore”可知，此处应选 refuses，表示“拒绝” 。4A.casually BcarefullyC quickly Dsecretly答案：B 结合语境“He always checks ideas”和后面的“makes experiments to prove them”可知，此处表示仔 细地核查那些观点。5A.natural BphysicalC ancient Dmodern答案：D 根据下一段的最后一句话中的“that has led to al
8、l the discoveries of modern science”可知，此处表示 modern science “现代科学”的兴起。6A.date BkeepC look Dcome答案：A 由下文的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。date back 是一个固定词组，意为“追溯到” 。7A.study BtimeC year Dbirth答案：B 结合空格后面的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，此处表示罗杰培根那个时代。time 这里指“时代，年代” 。8A.both BeachC between Damo
9、ng答案：C 根据空格后面的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，此处应选 between 与 and 连用，表示“在和 之间” 。9A.in BwithC on Dby答案：D 根据后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此处表示通过(by)观察我们 周围的事情并做实验，因此选 by。10A.brought BdiscoveredC took Dgave答案：B 结合空格后面的“many important truths”可知，他本人发现(discovered)了很多重要的真理。11A.who B
10、whenC that Dwhere答案：A 结合空格前面的“was the greatest of several great men”可知，先行词是 men，故用 who 引导定语从句。12A.truths BproblemsC people Dsubjects答案：A 由空后的“could be discovered by observation”及上文第 10 空所在句子可知，很多真理可以通过观察得到发现。truth “事实，真理” 。13A.slowly BrapidlyC lightly Dheavily答案：B 结合空格前面的“large bodies fell more”和后面的
11、“towards the earth than small ones”可知，在 Galileo 之前，学者们认为重的物体比轻的物体自由落体的速度更快，因此选 rapidly “迅速地” 。14A.although BbecauseC when Dif答案：B 根据 “Aristotle said so”的意思可知，这里表示因为(because)亚里士多德是 这样说的。15A.place BfootC top Dceiling答案：C 结合空格后面的“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two _16_ stones”可知，伽利略跑到了比 萨 斜塔的塔顶
12、。16A.big BsmallC equal Dunequal答案：D 由第 13 空中的关键信息“large bodies”和“small ones”可知，此处 表示使用了两个不同重量的石头，因此选 unequal “不相等的” 。17A.spirit BskillC theory Ddiscovery答案：A 由后面的 “of going direct to Nature”可知，此处表示探索自然的精神(spirit) 。18A.plans BopinionsC world Dability答案：B 与后面的 “andtheories by experiment”中的 theories 呼应
13、，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点(opinions)和理论。19A.makes BpreventsC considers Dpromises答案：A 由下文中的“are those whose observations have _20_ better results”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家” 。make “使变成”符合句意。20A.foreseen BrejectedC produced Dchallenged答案：C 结合上文中所举的例子可知，观察已经产生(produced)了更好的结果。.阅读理解AAlbert Einstein had a great effect
14、on science and history, and his achievement was even greater than only a few other great scientists have achieved.AnAmericanuniversity president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity (特性)
15、of time and space and so onbut even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.By 1914 young Einstein had been worldfamous. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and
16、 unlimited chances for study, but soon his peace and quietness were broken by World War .Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little.He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to
17、get back to work.In the year following World War I, honours were increasingly put on him. He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics. But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people.He was well known for his humble (谦逊的) manner. He often sa
18、id that his success would certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honoured in Germany until the rise of Nazism (纳粹) when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.篇章导读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章简要介绍了著名科学家爱因斯坦的事迹，及其对科学和历史产生的巨大影响及其重大贡献。1The main
19、 idea of the first paragraph is _ .Athe difficulty of Einsteins thought to othersB the feeling of an American university president towards EinsteinC the difference between science and historyDthe change in human thought produced by Einstein答案：D 段落大意题。第一段讲述了爱因斯坦对科学和历史产生了巨大影响，同时也使人们的思想产生了巨大的变化。2It see
20、ms to the American university president that _ .AEinstein achieved more than any other scientist in historyB everybody understands Einsteins scientific ideas C the new view of the universe can be quickly learned by everyoneDour ideas about the universe are different today because of Einstein答案：D 推理判
21、断题。由第一段最后一句可知，爱因斯坦的理论使人们对宇宙的看法发生了转变。3Einstein did his greatest work _ .Awhen Nazism roseB when he was youngC during World War Dafter he left Europe答案：B 推理判断题。由第三段和最后一段可知爱因斯坦在一战和纳粹时期，几乎没有正常工作，排除 A 项和 C 项；本文也没有讲述他离开欧洲以后的科研情况，排除 D 项；由第二段第一句和最后一段第一句可知，B 项所述正确。4From the passage we can know that _ .AGerma
22、ns usually have a high respect for scienceB Einstein had other interests besides scienceC Einstein was forced to work again in 1918DEinstein led a quiet life during World War 答案：A 推理判断题。由第四段中的第一、三句及最后一段中的“he was honoured in Germany”可知，德国人民尊敬爱因斯坦，尊敬科学。B 项 文中未提及； C、D 两项与文意不符。BWhen Alfred Nobel created
23、 the prizes that bear his name, he decided that they be given for work done in the previous year. But it has led to all kinds of troubleas it did once again this month, when the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology was awarded to a dead man.It is a complex story, one that could not have been forese
24、en when Nobel, the Swedish inventor, died in 1896. But it all traces back to his will, written at a time when international prizes were an original idea.Nobel did not say why he wanted to reward scientists who “made the most important discovery” during the previous year. One can guess that he wanted
25、 to reward presentday innovation and not to give tombstone awards to Galileo, Hippocrates, and other scientists from centuries past.But will and science often got involved. The oneyear timing proved impractical; scientific findings generally need to be tested, sometimes for decades, before their val
26、ue is appreciated.Perhaps to avoid the Galileo problem, the Nobel Foundation did state clearly that the award be given only to living people; that rule was made formal in the 1970s. But the rule against posthumous (死后的) awards has now been violated several timesmost recently this month, when the pri
27、ze in medicine was given to Dr Ralph M. Steinman, a scientist at Rockefeller University, who died three days before his election. His discovery, called dendritic cells (树突细胞), took place in 1973.The first posthumous winner was the poet Erik Karlfeldt. Karlfeldt had refused his selection in 1918 beca
28、use he was a longtime member of the Swedish Nobel Academy. When he was selected again in 1931, he had died that April. What happens if a candidate dies? The Nobel Foundation might consider changes at its next meeting. One possibility would betowithhold (阻止 ) the announcement of an award until a Nobe
29、l official hears the winners voice on the famous notification calls.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。全文论述了诺贝尔奖的评奖规则应做一些变革的原因。5What did Alfred Nobel create the prizes for?ATo make himself remembered forever.B To attract international attention to Sweden.C To encourage contributions to mankind.DTo honor some dead outsta
30、nding discoverers.答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“he wanted to reward scientists who made the most important discovery”可知，他创立该奖的目的就是鼓励科学发现或重大成就。6Why has the Nobel Prize brought about trouble?AThe oneyear timing is not workable.B Nobel Foundation tries to break his will.C Nobels fortune is not well managed.DCa
31、ndidates are hard to be selected worldwide.答案：A 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The oneyear timing proved impractical; scientific findings generally need to be tested, sometimes for decades, before their value is appreciated.”可知以一年为评定时效不可行，故答案为 A。7What do the examples of the scientist Ralph M. Steinman and the poet
32、Erik Karlfeldt suggest?AThe Nobel Foundation should obey the rules.B Some rules of the prize call for reform.C The Nobel Academy failed to perform their duty.DThe winner should live a very long life.答案：B 推理判断题。根据上文可知， 诺贝尔奖规 定只颁发给健在的科学家，可是这一年的诺贝尔医学奖颁发给了已经去世的Ralph M. Steinman, 1931 年的诺贝尔文学奖颁发给了已逝的诗人 E
33、rik Karlfeldt，这 两个例子足以说明诺贝尔奖的一些规定需要改革。8According to the last paragraph, the Nobel Prize is announced to the winner _ .Ain secret Bthrough a visitC by email Don the telephone答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话中的“until a Nobel official hears the winners voice on the famous notification calls”可知，诺贝尔奖是通过电话通知获奖人，故答
34、案为 D 项。.短文改错How time flies! I had hardly had time to enjoy the warmth of my home while its time go back to school. This winter I spend ten days studying maths, chemistry and physics, none of which was easily for me.And I still had some fun during theSpring Festival. I had attended my uncles wedding
35、and my aunt was very beautiful. To my disappoint, I didnt get many lucky money as I had expected. I also went to the cinema with several classmates. We played jokes on each other and had a big meal in a restaurant calling “Red Lobster”. The food there was very delicious and we all really enjoyed mys
36、elf.答案：How time flies! I had hardly had time to enjoy the warmth of my home its time go back to school. This winter I ten while when to spend spentdays studying maths, chemistry and physics, none of which was easily easyfor me.I still had some fun during theSpring Festival. I attended And Butmy uncl
37、es wedding and my aunt was very beautiful. To my ， I didnt get lucky money as I had expected. disappoint disappointment many muchI also went to the cinema with several classmates. We played jokes on each other and had a big meal in a restaurant “Red Lobster”. The calling calledfood there was very de
38、licious and we all really enjoyed .myself ourselves1while when 考查 状语从句的连接词。分析句子 结构可知，该句用了“hardly.when. ”句型。2time 后加 to 考查 非谓语动词。 It is/was time to do sth.为固定句型，意为 “该做某事的时候到了” 。3spendspent 考查动词 的时态。根据该句中的时间状语 This winter 可知， 该句陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。4easilyeasy 考查形容词。根据该句中的系动词 was 可知，该处应当用形容词作表语。5AndBut
39、 考查连词。上文陈述寒假“我”花了很多时间学习数学、物理和化学，但没有一门对于“我”来说是简单的；该句陈述在春节期间仍然玩得很开心。据此可知，此处表示转折关系。6去掉 had 考查动词 的时态。此处描述过去发生的事情， 应用一般过去时。7disappointdisappointment 考查名词。to ones disappointment 为固定搭配，意为“令某人失望的是” 。8many much money 为不可数名词，应当用 much 修饰；many 修饰可数名 词复数。9callingcalled 考查非谓语动词。动词 call 和 restaurant 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，该处意为“一家被称为Red Lobster的饭店”，故用过去分 词作后置定语。10myself ourselves 考查反身代词。根据该句主语 we 可知，应用 ourselves。
