1、单元加餐练.阅读理解AGetting close to active or erupting volcanoes can be dangerous. But for Michael Rampino, its all in a days work. Rampino is a volcanologist, a scientist who studies volcanoes and how they affect our planet. Rampino has been close to redhot lava flows (熔岩流) in Hawaii and explosive volcanoe
2、s in Indonesia. He knows when to get close to an active volcano and when to back away.Rampino wasnt always a volcanologist. He worked for NASA for seven years. He studied rocks until he began to research climate change and the effects that volcanoes have on climate. He became interested in the subje
3、ct. “Once I started working with volcanoes， ” Rampino said, “I was hooked.”Rampino is a professor at New York University. As part of his job, he travels to areas where volcanoes have been active. “Active” means they have erupted within the past few centuries and probably will erupt again. Rampino st
4、udies the deposits (沉积物) of ash and other materials from the eruptions. The ash may hold clues to what happened to the Earth in the distant past. It may also help scientists predict what could happen to Earths climate in the future.Rampino doesnt work alone. He works with a team of scientists who us
5、e computers to stimulate (模拟) the effects volcanoes have on Earths atmosphere.Being a volcanologist may be hard work, but its also fun. “Its cool traveling the world studying volcanoes， ” Rampino says. When he talks to students about his work, he tells them that his goal is “to understand the events
6、 that have shaped Earths history.”篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位火山学家的相关事迹。1To Rampino, being close to active volcanoes is _ .Aadventurous but meaningfulB scary but necessaryC impossible and unnecessaryDdangerous but urgent答案：A 推理推断题。根据第一段可知这样的工作很具有冒险性；再根据文章第三段最后一句可知这样的工作也很有意义。2The underlined word “hooked” in
7、 Paragraph 2 probably means “_ ”Atrapped BtouchedC frightened Dattracted答案：D 词义猜测题。根据上一句中的“became interested in the subject”可知，Rampino 一旦开始火山研究工作 时，就会入迷、被吸引，故这里是被“吸引”的意思。故选 D 项。3Rampinos study on volcanoes might help _ .Awarn people to protect the environmentB support the study of Earths future clim
8、ateC tell the future eruption time of the volcanoesDreduce the possibility of the volcanoes eruptions答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It may also help scientists predict what could happen to Earths climate in the future.”以及第四段最后一句可知，他的工作有助于研究地球未来的气候。故选 B项。4In which part of a newspaper could we find this text?AC
9、limate. BHistory.C People. DBusiness.答案：C 推理判断题。本文是介绍了一位研究火山的专家，应该属于报纸中的人物版块。故选 C 项。BThe volcano is one of the most surprising frightening forces of nature. Maybe you have seen pictures of these “fireworks” of nature. Sometimes when a volcano erupts,_a very large wall of melted rock moves down the s
10、ide of a mountain. It looks likes a “river of fire”. Sometimes volcanoes explode, throwing the melted rock and ashes high into the air. But where does this melted rock come from? The earth is made up of many layers. The top layer (层) that we see is called the crust. Under the crust are many layers o
11、f hard rock. But far, far beneath the crust whose rock is so hot that it is soft. In some places it even melts. The melted rock is called magma. Sometimes the magma breaks out to the surface through in the crack. These cracks are volcanoes.Most people think of mountains when they think of volcanoes.
12、 But not every mountain is a volcano. A volcano is simply the opening in the earth from which the magma escapes. The hot magma, or lava as it is called, builds up on the surface of the earth. Over thousands of years, this pile of cooled lava can grow to be very, very big. For example, the highest mo
13、untain in Africa, Kilimanjaro, is a volcano. It towers more than 16,000 feet above the ground around it.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然界的神奇力量火山。5The underlined word “erupts” in Paragraph 1 means “_ ”Amoves down B breaks awayC builds up Dsuddenly throws out lava答案：D 词义猜测题。根据第一段的描述可知此处指火山喷发，D 项 意为“突然释放出岩浆” ，与
14、“喷发”意 义最为接近。故 D 项正确。6Which words in the passage have the same meaning as “melted rock”？A “Volcano” and “explode”B “Crust” and “hard rock”C “Magma” and “lava”D “Volcano” and “magma”答案：C 细节理解题。由第一段倒数第三句和第二段第四句可知， “magma”和“lava”可代替“melted rock”，表示“岩浆；熔岩” 。7Which is the correct order of the layers of th
15、e earth (beginning with the top layer)?Acrust hard rockmagmasoft rockB crusthard rocksoft rockmagmaC magmasoft rockhard rockcrustDvolcanocracksmagmacrust答案：B 细节理解题。由第一段倒数第 37 句可知地球的正确分层为 B 项 所述。8The best title of the passage should be “_ ”AThe Volcano BKilimanjaro VolcanoC The Mountains DThe Melted
16、Rock答案：A 标题判断题。通读全文后可知，本文主要讲的是有关火山的相关知识。.七选五A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. _1_Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other wate
17、rways. _2_ After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradabledestroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. _3_ That means harmful material
18、s may get into our food supply._4_ Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer singleuse product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also workwhere old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make
19、new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end them after the first use. We could, when we get rid of plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials.The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics
20、. _5_ And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. And all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.AThen, fish may eat the plastic.B It asks for them to
21、better measure and direct plastic use.C The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.DThe report tells about the harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.EPlastics should be gathered together and reused.FBut people can make a big difference.GIt is convenient
22、to use plastic bags in everyday life.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一份新的报告指出：被丢弃的塑料汇聚到海洋，不仅严重污染了海洋环境，而且最终会通过鱼等海洋生物进入人体，危害人类健康。同时， 该报告也指出了个人以及企业应该如何采取措施来改善这种状况。1D 根据语境可判断出，D 项承接上文“A new report says .”，进一步阐释该报告的内容，故选 D。2C 根据上下文语境及下句中的“collects in the sea”可知，被丢弃在河里和其他航道的塑料最终会流入沿海地区和大洋水域，故选C。3A 由设空处前后的句子可知，此处叙述海洋污染和人类食物
23、污染之间的关系，故 A 项符合语境，故选 A。4F 本段谈的是人类应该 如何做才能减少塑料 对海洋及海洋环境的污染，故 F 项“But people can make a big difference.”符合语境，总领该段并与上文形成转折。5B 根据设空前一句中的“The report also calls on companies to improve . plastics.”及空后“And it calls for .”可知，本段重在 阐释该报告对各个公司在合理使用塑料方面的要求。B 项中的 It 指代 The report, them 指代 companies，且全句符合前后 语境。故选
24、 B。.语法填空My husband and I were paying a visit _1_ my parents in Tucson. We went to a fast food restaurant for dinner together. My husband went to the counter _2_ (order) dishes and I stood with my parents.My dad was 90 years old. He could hardly see very well and walked with a stick. I was scanning t
25、he restaurant, _3_ (wait) to sit at the first table that was _4_ (convenient) than others. A woman who was sitting with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her. With a _5_ (puzzle) look on my face, I pointed to myself and said, “Me？” She _6_ (nod) and said, “Yes, you.” I walked
26、to the table and she said, “Bring your family here. I can finish eating at the counter. My son is in _7_ hurry to leave anyway.” My eyes _8_ (fill) with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat.I always believe that there are _9_ (nature) kind people in this world. This woman
27、has set a good example for her son, _10_is a really lucky guy.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。 “我”和丈夫以及“我”的父母在一家饭店准备就餐， “我”的父亲九十高龄，行动不便，一位女士主动让座，这让 “我”感到了世界的美好。1to 考查介词。 pay a visit to sb. 为固定搭配，意 为“拜访某人”。2to order 考查动词不定式。空 处所填词表示去柜台的目的，故用动词不定式。3waiting 考查非谓语动词。分析 该句结构可知，空处所填词
28、和句子谓语动词之间无连词，应用非谓语动词；I 与 wait 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。4more convenient 考查形容词的比较级。根据 该句中的“than”可知，空处应 用形容词的比较级。5puzzled 考查词性转换。空处所填词修饰“look” ，表示人的表情，故用形容词 puzzled。6nodded 考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“and said”可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。7a 考查不定冠词。in a hurry 为固定搭配，意为“匆忙” ，故用不定冠词。8were filled 考查动词的时态和语态。动词 fill 和该句主语 M
29、y eyes 是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。9naturally 考查词性转换。空处所填词修饰 形容词 kind，故用副词 naturally。10who 考查定语从句的引导词。分析该句结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 her son，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用 who。.书面表达假设你是李华，你的美国朋友 Tom 想来承德避暑山庄 (the Chengde Mountain Resort)旅游。特写信向你询问该景点的情况。请你根据以下提示，给他写封回信。1位于河北省承德市，清代皇帝曾在此避暑和处理国事(state affa
30、irs)；2景区有众多宫殿、园林景观及寺庙建筑等，模仿中国不同地区建筑风格建造；3由康熙和乾隆皇帝命名的七十二景最为著名。注意：1.词数 100 左右(信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Tom，Im glad to hear that youll visit the Chengde Mountain Resort._Im sure youll have a good time there.Yours，Li Hua标准范文Dear_Tom，Im_glad_to_hear_that_youll_visit_the_Chengde_Mountain_
31、Resort. Id like to give you a brief introduction of it.The Chengde Mountain Resort is a large complex of palaces and gardens situated in Chengde, Hebei Province, where Qing Emperors used to spend their summer days and handle state affairs. The Mountain Resort features a rich collection of Chinese la
32、ndscapes and architecture. It has a variety of gardens, temples and palaces, many of whose styles are typical of various regions of China.I strongly suggest you visit the 72 scenic spots, which were named by the Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. They are the most famous spots in the Mountain Resort and really worth a visit.Im_sure_youll_have_a_good_time_there.Yours，Li_Hua
