1、Network Appliance Training Basic Concepts Quickstart,Table of Contents,Where to Get Help ? NetApp Products Storage Terminology Current NetApp Hardware Disks, RAID4, Aggregates and Space Calculation When Disks Go Bad . Volumes Snapshots Qtrees LUNs Network Configuration: VIFs Replication Technologies
2、 Overview,Basic Concepts Quickstart,Where to Get Help ?,Note: Keep filer system ID/serial number handy !Note: a filer has both a serial number and a system IDserial number = linked to hardware, changes when hardware is replaced system ID = set in software, doesnt change when hardware is replaced,Bas
3、ic Concepts Quickstart,Uptime ServiceDesk +32 3 451 23 74 servicedeskuptime.be,NetApp web site http:/ NetApp phone numbers: +32 2 416 32 90 +31 235 679 601,Table of Contents,NetApp Products Storage Terminology Current NetApp Hardware Where to Get Help ? Disks, RAID4, Aggregates and Space Calculation
4、 When Disks Go Bad . Volumes Snapshots Qtrees LUNs Network Configuration: VIFs Replication Technologies Overview,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Products,Filer FAS20x0, FAS30x0, FAS60x0, . FC disks, SATA disks, SAS disks FC & SAS disks faster (random access), SATA slower (archiving) NearStore (Near
5、line Storage) R100, R150, R200: (S)ATA disks Bigger, slower disks Typically used as a backup solution in tapeless environments Gateway products To other vendors storage solutions: V3000, V6000 NetCache (sold) Web proxy product VTL (Virtual Tape Library) StoreVault,Basic Concepts Quickstart,Data ONTA
6、POne architecture One application interface One management interface Total interoperability Learn one; know them all,NetApp Products (cont.),Basic Concepts Quickstart,FAS6030 420 TB 840 spindles,FAS3050 168 TB 336 spindles,FAS2050 69 TB 104 spindles,FAS2020 24 TB 40 spindles,FAS6080 1176 TB 1176 spi
7、ndles,FAS6070 504 TB 1008 spindles,FAS3020 84 TB 168 spindles,FAS6040 840 TB 840 spindles,FAS3040 126 TB 252 spindles,FAS3070 252 TB 504 spindles,NetApp Products (cont.),IBM N-series N7000 N7700 (FAS6030) 2 Gbps FC ports, 64-bit N7900 (FAS6070) 2 Gbps FC ports, 64-bit N7600 (FAS6040) 4 Gbps FC ports
8、, 64-bit N7800 (FAS6080) 4 Gbps FC ports, 64-bit N5000 N5300 (FAS3040) 2 Gbps FC ports, 32-bit N5600 (FAS3070) 2 Gbps FC ports, 32-bit N5200 (FAS3020) 4 Gpbs FC ports, 64-bit N5500 (FAS3050) 4 Gbps FC ports, 64-bit N3000 N3300 (FAS2020) 4 Gbps FC ports N3600 (FAS2050) 4 Gbps FC ports N3700 (FAS270),
9、Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Products (cont.),Past FAS200 series FAS800 series FAS900 series Present FAS2000 series (has recently (june 2007) replaced FAS200 series) FAS3000 series (replaces FAS800 & FAS900 series) FAS6000 series (very high-end) Rebranding (March 2008): Network Appliance “NetApp
10、”,Basic Concepts Quickstart,Table of Contents,NetApp Products Storage Terminology Current NetApp Hardware Where to Get Help ? Disks, RAID4, Aggregates and Space Calculation When Disks Go Bad . Volumes Snapshots Qtrees LUNs Network Configuration: VIFs Replication Technologies Overview,Basic Concepts
11、Quickstart,Storage Terminology,SAN vs. NAS NAS storage speaks to a FILE File Access to data NFS (Unix) CIFS (Windows) FTP, HTTP & WebDAV, DAFS Design made to share dataSAN storage speaks to a LUN Block Access to data SCSI FCAL/FCP (encapsulated SCSI) iSCSI (encapsulated SCSI) Sharing of data difficu
12、lt,clients,network: TCP/IP,Basic Concepts Quickstart,network: SCSI, FCP, iSCSI,hosts (servers),clients,network: TCP/IP,Storage Terminology (cont.),SAN vs. NAS (previous slide, presented differently),Basic Concepts Quickstart,SAN (Block),NAS (File),Dedicated Ethernet,Fibre Channel,iSCSI,Enterprise SA
13、N,Enterprise NAS,Departmental NAS,Corporate LAN,NetApp FAS,Departmental SAN,Storage Terminology (cont.),NAS Terminology NAS “Network-Attached Storage” File-level data storage connected to a computer network providing data access to heterogeneous network client Client/server Computing architecture im
14、plemented over a computer network, allows devices to share files and resources CIFS (or SMB) (Windows) and NFS (Unix) Two most commonly used NAS protocols Share, export A CIFS server makes data available via shares, a Unix server makes data available via exports Drive mapping, mounting CIFS clients
15、typically map a network drive to access data stored on a server, Unix clients typically mount the remote resource,Basic Concepts Quickstart,Storage Terminology (cont.),SAN Terminology SAN “Storage Area Network” Device from storage manufacturer that provides centralized storage for server systems LUN
16、 “Logical Unit Number” A disk, presented by a SAN, to a host OS (Windows, Unix, .) that looks like a locally attached disk to the host OS Target The “machine” that offers a disk (LUN) to another machine, in other words, the SAN Initiator The machine that expects to see a disk (LUN), in other words,
17、the host OS Typically, the host will only see LUNs after the appropriate initiator software has been installed, eg. FC/iSCSI drivers,Basic Concepts Quickstart,Storage Terminology (cont.),SAN Terminology (cont.) Fabric One or more fibre channel switches with target(s) and initiator(s) connected to th
18、em are referred to as a fabric Well-known verndors of fibre channel switches: Brocade, Cisco(Example on next slide) HBA “Host Bus Adapter” Fibre channel card to connect a server or SAN to a fabric There are also iSCSI HBAs Multipathing (MPIO) The use of redundant storage network components responsib
19、le for transfer of data between the server and storage. These components include cabling, adapters and switches and the software that enables this,Basic Concepts Quickstart,Storage Terminology (cont.),Two Fabrics,fabric,fabric,Basic Concepts Quickstart,Storage Terminology (cont.),SAN Terminology (co
20、nt.) Zoning The partitioning of a fabric (or storage area network) into smaller subsets to restrict interference, add security, and to simplify management. If a SAN hosts several hundred disk drives, each system connected to the SAN doesnt need to see all of them Compare this to VLANs in networkingB
21、oot from SAN Put boot disk(s) of server on SAN Requires special HBA features FCP and iSCSI,Basic Concepts Quickstart,Table of Contents,NetApp Products Storage Terminology NetApp Terminology Current NetApp Hardware Where to Get Help ? Disks, RAID4, Aggregates and Space Calculation When Disks Go Bad .
22、 Volumes Snapshots Qtrees LUNs Network Configuration: VIFs Replication Technologies Overview,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology,Some NetApp-specific Terms . Data ONTAP = Operating system on Network Appliance filers and nearstores, borrows ideas from Unix (BSD) eg. /etc/ directory on vol0 e
23、g. inodes Same OS on every Filer/NearStore model, different architectures supported (Intel x86, AMD, 64-bit, MIPS, . depending on hardware model) All features are activated through licenses, eg. clustering Recent version: 7.2.5(.1), 7.0.7 “Release early, release often”-philosophy RC = release candid
24、ate GA = general availability, supported but not fully tested GD = general deployment, factory-installed on machines Older releases still supported: eg. 6.5.6 ONTAP 7G ONTAP GX spinfs, Spinserver, Spinnaker,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),Some NetApp-specific Terms . (cont.) Hea
25、d/filerContains motherboard, network connections, fiber connections, console connections, connections to disks, . (Disk) Shelf Contain disks DS14(mk II): 14 disk per shelf FAS2000: 12, 20, 25 disks per shelf Note: FAS200 and FAS2000 series Motherboard and first disk shelf are integrated (disk shelf
26、can be turned into filer and vice versa),Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),What Can Be Upgraded ? Disk firmwares Non-disruptively Shelf firmwares Non-disruptively for FCAL shelves Disruptively for (S)ATA shelves Motherboard firmware and diagnostics Requires halt/reboot Data ONTAP
27、Requires reboot RLM/BMC (Remote LAN Module/Baseboard Management Controller) No reboot required When to Upgrade ? NOW Site Autosupport analysis Emails from NetApp,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),Basic Filer Management Filerview (http(s) Console cable Telnet ssh (Secure Shell) rsh
28、 (Remote Shell) Windows MMC (Computer Management Snap-in) (snmp, ndmp)Most day-to-day activities can be performed via the web interface Command-line interface: not-so-commonly-used commands, eg “snap restore” + many more commands 2 most commonly used commands: “sysconfig” & “options”,Basic Concepts
29、Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),Most Commonly Used Commands man (man pages) Browses through man(ual) pages of command documentation sysconfig (-a, -r, -c, -t, -m) Shows information about filer (hardware, disks, aggregates & RAID groups, .) options Queries or changes values for various “registr
30、y” options setup Walks through initial setup questions: filer name, IP addresses, etc., but does not erase any data cifs setup Walks through CIFS setup questions: domain/workgroup membership etc. sysstat -x -s 1 Prints out all-round performance statistics,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology
31、 (cont.),Most Commonly Used Commands (cont.) license Adds/removes/prints licenses on filer version (-b) Prints out Data ONTAP & Diagnostics/Firmware version numbers rdfile Reads a text file and prints contents to console (Unix “cat”) wrfile Reads from console and sends output to text file (Unix “Cat
32、 ”) snap (restore) Performs snapshot operations, eg. restore from snapshot snapvault snapmirror Manipulates/controls SnapMirror/SnapVault/OSSV operations from the command-line,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),Most Commonly Used Commands (cont.) cf Controls clustering, eg. enablin
33、g/disabling, forcing takeover & giveback aggr Creates/expands/destroys/manipulates aggregates, eg. change options vol Create/resizes/destroys/manipulates volumes, eg. change options df Shows free disk space (volumes, aggregates, also inodes) qtree Creates/manipulates qtrees (=special directories),Ba
34、sic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),Most Commonly Used Commands (cont.) vif Creates/destroys/manipulates virtual network interfaces (eg. team interfaces for failover or load-balancing) ifconfig Sets network IP configuration (put in /etc/rc to survive reboots) ifstat Shows network inte
35、rface statistics netdiag Performs basic network diagnostic testing ndmpd ndmpcopy Manipulates NDMP settings, or use ndmpcopy to copy files via NDMP priv set/priv set advanced/priv set diag Goes into advanced/diagnostics mode,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),Autosupport What ? Pro
36、vides capability to configure filers to initiate automatic sending of email notifications to NetApp technical support and other designated addressees when specific events occur Why ? Helps solve problems proactively How ? Via email (smtp, preferred) or the web (http(s) Configure via the web interfac
37、e . . or via the options commandfiler options autosupport.support.transport smtp filer options autosupport.doit testing123,if email subject contains the word “test”, Netapp will send a reply to all email recipients,can only be changed via command-line,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (co
38、nt.),Disks: NetApp currently uses 3 types of disks: FCP (Fiber) fast, expensive, on all models, originally in filers SATA (Serial ATA) slower, cheaper, on all models, originally on nearstores SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) fast, expensive, currently only on FAS20x0 series, poised to replace FCP in the l
39、ong run Now: Recent models can combine FC, SATA, & SAS disks SATA is slower than FCP & SAS FC and SATA not on same loop! Note: “FCAL = Fiber Channel Arbitrated Loop” A fast, serial-based standard meant to replace the parallel SCSI standard Primarily used to connect storage devices to servers Softwar
40、e-compatible with SCSI Can handle up to 126 devices per port,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),Disks, Aggregates, (Flexible) Volumes, LUNs,Basic Concepts Quickstart,Aggregate,Aggregate = collection of disks, protected by RAID-4 or RAID-DP, can grow but cannot shrink. Make aggregat
41、es as big as possible, with these limits:- max 16 Tb- dont mix disks of different types- dont mix disks of different sizes Create multiple aggregates if needed,FlexVol1,FlexVol2,Flexible Volume = logical space inside an aggregate, containing actual data, eg. files in the case of NAS Can grow AND shr
42、ink,File1,File2,.,LUN,LUN = Logical Unit Number = logical space inside a volume, assigned to (a) server(s) to be used as a local disk. Can grow and usually not shrink,NetApp Terminology (cont.),WAFL = Write Anywhere Filesystem Layout, file system on NetApp filers and nearstores Unix-based, hence ter
43、ms like “inodes”, but allows NTFS-permissions (NTFS-security style) Formatting disks ? No: zeroing disks Aggregate Logical group of disks, consists of parity disks and data disks Can be expanded on-the-fly, but cannot shrink in size! Flexible Volume (Flexvol) Aggregate can contain multiple volumes C
44、ontain actual data (files and LUNs) Can grow and shrink,Basic Concepts Quickstart,Filer Disks Data disks Spare disks Parity disks Double parity disks (Broken disks) (Partner disks),When dealing with storage, ONTAP 7 will try to hide as much as possible from this from the storage administrator,On our
45、 filer, we will create an aggregate of many data disks + parity. This aggregate can be expanded. On this aggregate we will create flexible volumes that can grow and shrink in size, and that will contain actual data (files and LUNs),Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),Traditional RAI
46、D Levels RAID1 (mirroring)RAID5Very nice but unfortionately difficult, if not impossible to expand on-the-fly,controller,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),RAID4 & RAID-DP NetApp uses RAID4 (or RAID-DP double parity) as the only underlying RAID level (no RAID1 or RAID5)You are STRO
47、NGLY encouraged to use RAID-DP instead of RAID-4 for better fauilt tolerance,Data Disks,Dedicated Parity Disk(s),Double Parity Disk (reliabilityx10.000),This is an aggregate,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),RAID4 & RAID-DP (cont.) RAID4 advantages Combined with WAFL filesystem: o
48、n-the-fly expansion of storage (no shrinking) without parity recalculation,Existing parity on disks,Add disks to the system .,New disks are zeroed first,Parity doesnt change,Basic Concepts Quickstart,NetApp Terminology (cont.),RAID4 & RAID-DP (cont.) Traditional RAID4 has disadvantages Parity disk b
49、ecomes bottleneck on write operations Parity disk is often the first disk to fail NetApp solves this by filer design NVRAM (non-volatile RAM) in every filer Battery-backed RAM (eg. 128 Mb on FAS270), split in two parts (four on cluster) All write operations are written to NVRAM When 50% of NVRAM is full, flush writes to disk: “CP: Consistency Point”: spreads out writes over all disks NVRAM will also be flushed every 10 seconds when not 50% full,
