1、专题七 定语从句全国卷考情分析 题型分类典题试做 命题解读1(2017 年全国卷)Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，which is not good for the health.2(2017 年全国卷)But Sarah ，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.1关系代词的基本用法；2关系副词的基本用法；语法填空3(2016 年全国卷)But my c
2、onnection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.3考查“介词关系代词”的用法。短文改错1(2017 年全国卷) In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in th
3、eir garden， thatwhich is on the rooftop of their house.2(2017 年全国卷) Around me in the picture are the things theythat/which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.1关系代词与关系副词的错用；2that 与 which的错用；3关系代词或关系副词的缺失。(对应学生用书第 234 页)关系代词引导的定语从句先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2016 年四川高
4、考) “I prefer to work in black and white，which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”2(2015 年江苏高考)The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.单句改错(2017 年天津高考)My eldest son，who work takes him all over the world， is in New York at the moment.whowh
5、ose再解读考点关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用who 人 主语、宾语whom 人 宾语which 物 主语、宾语that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语whose 人或物 定语as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语先行词是all，few ，little，much，something，anything，nothing 等不定代词时先行词被 the only，the very，the same，all 等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时关系代词that 和which 的用法区别只用that 的情况先行词既有人又有物时引导非限制性定语从句时只用which的情况 关系代词指物
6、，且前有介词时as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如，正像” 。从句的谓语动词多为see， know，expect，say ， mention，report 等关系代词as 和which的区别which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系(2017 年北京高考)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.在日常生活中我们遇到的小
7、问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。(2016 年北京高考)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。(2015 年福建高考) China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.今日中国有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。(全国卷) “Yo
8、u cant judge a book by its cover， ” as the old saying goes.正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相” 。易错警示as 用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有 such，so ，as 或 the same 等修饰，且 as 在从句中作宾语时不能省略。关系副词引导的定语从句先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2015 年陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.2(2
9、015 年天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.单句改错(2017 年鹰潭二模)The police must give the suspect the reasons that they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law.thatwhy 170】再解读要点关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用when 时间名词 时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词(s
10、ituation，point，activity ，case ，stage 等)地点状语why the reason 原因状语(2016 年天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。(福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与
11、社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。Do you know the reason why he didnt attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句先试做题组.单句语法填空1(浙江高考)The children，all of whom had played the whole day long，were worn out.2Nowadays，it is common to see people staring at their mobile phones instead of reading a rea
12、l book，about which many experts are worried.单句改错There were a lot of students in the reading room，most of them bent their heads down over their books.themwhom再解读要点1 “介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用 which 或 whom，且不能省略。(2015 年安徽高考)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education
13、depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。(全国大纲卷)September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9 月30 日之前你必须缴付账单。2 “名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。(2016 年浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时
14、流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。(2016 年江苏高考)Many young people，most of whom were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。3在非限制性定语从句中，whose 修饰物时可以换为“the名词of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the名词of whom” 。(江苏高考)The newlybuilt caf，the walls of which (whose walls) are painted li
15、ght green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。技法点拨定语从句与语法填空 定语从句与短文改错(1)解答此类考 题，关键是找准先行词，分析句子结构，根据从句所缺的成分确定关系词的使用。如果缺少主、宾、表或定语，需用关系代词；如果缺少状语，则用关系副词或关系代词 that。确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词，是 reason 还是 way 等，从而最后确定答案。1.首先识别该
16、句是否为定语从句，然后根据先行词的性质，判断关系词的使用是否正确或缺失，并予以改正或添加。2根据关系词在定语从句中所作的成分来判断关系词的使用是否正确。作主、宾、表 语用which/that/who/whom/as；作定 语用 whose；作状语用when/where/why/that；作介 词宾语用 which/whom。(2)若先行词指人 ， “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词用 whom，若指物，则用 which。(3)牢记 that 与 which, as 与 which 的区别。3判断定语从句是非限制性定语从句还是限制性定语从句，从而判断句中关系词的使用是否正确。(对应学生用书
17、第 236 页)核心考点针对练.单句语法填空1(2017 年江苏高考) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.2(2017 年滕州 5 月模拟)She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile， “Madam，this is your lucky day.Everything in your bask
18、et is free.”3(2017 年大同质量检测)The city was attacked by such terrible weather as few citizens had ever experienced before.4(2017 年吉林省实验中学模拟)There they met people from other parts of the country，who had also volunteered to help.5(2017 年四川绵阳诊断)Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see
19、themselves differently.6(2017 年启东中学月考)The house，whose door often stays open until late at night，works as a home for the guards，some of whom are from the countryside.7She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.8(2017 年山东省实验中学二模)Lily took a few
20、friends to my birthday party，none of whom I was familiar with.9(2017 年北京西城一模)The artist was very proud of his creation and called it the best painting that he had ever done.10(2017 年海淀一模)The App WeChat provides a networking platform where communication is faster and easier.单句改错1(2017 年广西高三联考)We all
21、like our English teacher，from him we have learned a lot.himwhom2Her performances on the stage were perfect，that made a lot of people admire her.thatwhich3There are three people in my family and Im an only child，who is very common in Chinese families.whowhich4At the request of some English learners，h
22、e has published a lot of books，one of that is about English idioms.thatwhich5(2017 年河北保定唐山联考)This weekend，I will go to Peters house，which a party is to be held，to celebrate Christmas with his family.whichwhere 或在 which 前加 in.语法与写作1这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。This is one of the most exciting football games th
23、at I have ever seen2她给我看了她花了很多钱买的那本字典。(介词关系代词)She showed me the dictionary for which she paid a lot of money3我仍然记得我第一次到这个学校的那一天。I still remember the day when I first came to the school4约翰通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。John passed the exam，which made his parents very happy5众所周知，全球变暖已经引发了很多自然灾害。As is known to all，gl
24、obal warming has caused a lot of natural disasters.高考题型综合练.语法填空(2017 年四川成都市第一次诊断性检测)Over 2，200 years ago，Chengdu was threatened by frequent floods.Li Bing，together with his son，decided to construct an irrigation system on the Minjiang River 1 (prevent) flooding. 2 having a long study and a lot of ha
25、rd work by the local people，the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed.Since then，the Chengdu Plain 3 (be) free of flooding and the people have been living peacefully and wealthily.It is the 4 (old) and only surviving nondam irrigation system in the world.It is also 5 wonder in the develop
26、ment of Chinese science.The project consists of three important parts，namely Yuzui，Feishayan and Baopingkou，which were 6 (scientific) designed to control the water flow of the rivers throughout the year.There is a glorious bridge called the Anlan Cable Bridge crossing the Minjiang River above Yuzui，
27、 7 you can clearly see the entire system.The great 8 (construct) originally started before the Song Dynasty.At that time，the body of the bridge was constructed with wooden blocks and the handrails(扶手)were made of bamboo.Recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guara
28、ntee the security of 9 (visitor) from home and abroad.Seen from afar，the bridge looks like a rainbow 10 (hang)over the river.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了成都都江堰水利工程的建造过程、世界地位、历史价值以及该工程的现状。1to prevent 考查非谓语动词。根据 语境可知，李冰和他的儿子在岷江设计灌溉系统的目的是阻止洪水在成都泛滥，故此处应用动词不定式表示目的。2After 考查介词。在经过长期调研和地方群众的艰苦工作之后，都江堰水利工程完工。after 意为
29、“在之后” ，符合语境。3has been 考查时态。句意：从那 时起，成都平原不再受洪水侵扰，人们过着和平、富裕的生活。根据该句中的“Since then”及“have been”可知，该句应用现在完成时。4oldest 考查形容词最高级。根据该句中的 the 和“in the world”可知，都江堰水利工程是世界上现存最古老的无坝水利工程，故用最高级。5a 考查不定冠词。句意：它也是中国科学发展历史上的一个奇迹。这里泛指“一个奇迹” ，故用不定冠词。6scientifically 考查副 词。空 处修饰动词，故用副词形式。7where 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该 句为非限制性定语
30、从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导该定语从句。8construction 考查名词。根据空前的形容词“great”可以判断，空处被形容词修饰，故用名词形式。9visitors 考查名词复数。这里指“保证国内外游客的安全 ”，故用名词的复数形式。10hanging 考查非谓语动词。句意：从远处看，这座桥就像是悬挂在江上方的彩虹。空处与 rainbow 存在逻辑上的主谓关系， 故用现在分词。 .短文改错(2017 年安徽师大附中、马鞍山二中阶段性测试)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉
31、及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.Because I had always been waiting to read it，so at that moment I wa
32、s very exciting.Outside the library，I saw the man driving around the small parking lot，try to find a parking space.He head for the disabled parking space， the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library book to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them to him.He thanked me and
33、 jumped quick in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.【答案】 This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be up.Because I had always been waiting to read it， at that pickingpicked somoment I was very .Outside the l
34、ibrary，I saw man driving around the excitingexcited theasmall parking lot， to find a parking space.He for the disabled parking trytrying headheadedspace， the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library to bookbooksreturn.Seeing that，I offered to return them him.He thanked me and jumped toforin his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone quickquicklyneeded it. who
