1、1U3 基础知识梳理（下）面对这种情景，我们情何以堪？我们能为阻止这些事情做些什么？一、词汇 Words1. postcard n 明信片.在这样的环境中，我们可以环境污染在这样的环境中，我们。 。2(1)postcard 用作名词，表示“明信片”之意，可数，其复数形式是 .例：我请他寄一张明信片给那位交流生。2. key n 钥匙，答案，键，关键key 用作名词，意为“钥匙；答案；关键” ，其复数形式是 。（1） key 表示“钥匙”之意时，常用 “这个门的钥匙”固定搭配。例：我没有前门的钥匙。 （2） key 表示“答案”之意时，常用 “这个问题答案”固定搭配。例：我知道第一个问题的答案。
2、 （3） key 表示“键”之意时，是指电脑、打字机、钢琴等“键盘上”的“键” 。例:这个键盘上有六排键。 （4） key 也可以用作名词，表示“关键”性的人或人事。例：那个人可能是这个学校的关键人物。 3.ring n 环，圈；戒指（1）ring 用作名词，表示“环；圈；戒指” ，是可数名词，其复数形式是 例：桌子上的指环不是我的。 （2）ring 用作名词，也可以表示“打电话”之意，常用 “给某人打电话”固定搭配。例：他经常星期天给我打电话。 4. all over 到处，遍及（1） all over 表示“到处”之意时，与副词 everywhere 意义接近。例：孩子们全身都湿透了。 （
3、2） all over 表示“遍及”之意时，相当于介词 throughout ,后面要接名词、代词等作宾语：“全世界”.例：全中国已经发生了巨大的变化。 全世界的儿童都喜欢看电视。 （all over）_5. raise vt 饲养，使升高（1） raise ，及物动词，表示“饲养” ，后接“饲养”的动物名称。例： 妈妈养了很多猪。 （2） raise ，及物动词，也可表示“使升高” ，后接“使升高”的人、物等。例： 最后他提高了声音。 批注：辨析 rise, raiserise（rose, risen）vi. 上升，升起, 升高；上涨；站起来。说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日、月、云、雾、
4、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价以及人的职位等，无被动语态。 如：3The moon has risen above the hills. 月亮已经从山上升起。The river has risen by several meters. 河水上涨了好几米。raise vt. 举起，提起；抬高；筹集。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其它事物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。如： Heavy rain raised the river stage. 暴雨使河水水位升高。The boss promised to raise her salary.老板答应要给她加薪水。 典例讲解：I. 用
5、上述动词的正确形式完成下列句子。1. He _ and walked to the window. 2. He _ his hat to me as a sign of respect.3. The birds also attack crops when the opportunity _.4. The peoples living standard has greatly been _.5. Her temperature is still _.6.drive vt 脱下 take a holiday 度假2. Neils mother is calling him from the UK
6、. 。call 用作动词，与 telephone 用法一样表示“打电话给某人 ”。常用 “从某地打电话给某人“。例：今天下午我将从我的新公寓打电话给你。3. You can learn all about old China at the museum. 。了解有关某物或某人的事情。例: 我们了解到有关长城的许多情况。 4. Im going to show you around my hometown.意为“带领某人参观”例： 我不知道谁将会带领我参观。 带领来访者参观我们的城市是我的职责_批注：拓展一些有关于 show 的词组：show off 卖弄, 炫耀 陈列; 使显眼 show on
7、eself 出现, 露面 show up 到席, 露面; 显眼; 暴露; 揭发; 嘲笑; 使人难堪5. People here know each other.意为“互相” 。常用短语有 “互相帮助 ”； “互相了解” ； “互相学习 ”； “互相交谈”等。例：李磊和王洪互相了解。 我们应该互相学习互相帮助_Gramma名词所有格与物主代词a ： 名词所有格有生命的名词所有格：1 单数名词所有格加 s Miss greens coat Toms book2 复数名词所有格以 s, es 结尾的加“ ” the twins bedroom Teachers Day53 某些特殊名词的复数如 wo
8、men, children, 所有格加“s” Womens Day Childrens Day4 表示某物体为两人共有的，在最后一个名词后加s， 各自所有的，两个名词后面都要加sJim and Kates house(单数) Janes and Toms books（复数）5 有些复合名词如 son-in-law 女婿 sister-in-law 嫂子，所有格在最后加s 6 特殊用法：(1)表示某人的家， 店铺时，所有格后的名词常省略 在王先生家 at Mr Wangs(省略 home) 在医生的诊所 at the doctors(省略 hospital)(2) ten minutes wor
9、k 十分钟的路程无生命的名词所有格用，通常用 of+名词the gate of the school the center of the cityb 物主代词的用法my mineyour yoursour ours 后面不加名词their + 名词 theirshis hisher hersitsGramma 练习一、填空主格 he they 人称代词宾格 her 形容词性物主代词 my your物主代词名词性物主代词 yours ours二、用适当的物主代词填空。例如：whose wallet is it? Its my wallet .Its mine .1. whose watch is
10、 it? Its _(她的) wallet . Its_(她的).2. Is it _(你的)wallet? No, its not _(我的).Its _(他的).3. Is this _(你的)diary? No, its not _(我的)._(我的) is black.4. Is Miss Li _ (他们的) English teacher?Yes, shes _(他们的).5. Whose rulers are these? Are they _(你们的)?No,they arent _(我们的)rulers._(我们的) are over there.三、选出括号中正确的词，在正
11、确的词上画圈。1. This is（my / I）mother.2. Nice to meet （your / you）.3. （He / His）name is Mark.4. Whats（she / her）name?125. Excuse（me / my / I）.6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?7. （I/ My）am Ben.8. （She / Her）is my sister.9. Fine , thank （your / you）.10. How old is （he / his）四、用所给词的正确形式填空。1. These are _ ( he ) brot
12、hers.2. That is _( she ) sister.3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister.4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.5. Now _(her parent) are in America.6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students.典例讲解1.It is a polite way to send a _ (明信片) to your friend before Christmas Day2.The _ (键) on the keyboard is broken
13、. I dont know what to do with it .3.The _(气味) of the flower is inviting to bees.4.-Wish you a pleasure journey!-Thanks! Ill give you a _ as soon as I arrive in Paris. A .ring B .hand C .ride D. present5.-As the curtain_，the famous singer came out. -The fans _and screamed.A .was raised; rose B .had b
14、een raised ;were raisedC .rose; were raised D. had risen; raised6.The old man began learn to _ a car at the age of sixty. Now he is a driverA .buy B .take C .get D. drive7.How often do you write a letter to your father?I seldom or never do that now. I _or email him almost everyday.A. speak B. cry C.
15、 shout D. call8.I am looking forwards to _ more about your school life.A. learning B. listening C. hearing from D. looking at1. 辨析 expensive，cheap，high，low expensive 与 cheap 表示东西货物的贵贱This watch is expensive.课堂检测1This cloth doll is very cheap. high 与 low 表示的是价格的高低The price of this watch is very high.
16、 The price of this book is not low for me. 2. all over ：遍及all over the placeall over the groundall over the world3. 介词buy sth for sb= buy sb sth 表示为某人买某物 send sth to sb=send sb sthlend sth to sb=lend sb sthshow sth to sb=show sb sth拓展：key1) 钥匙 a key ring/ a key to this door2) 答案 the key to this ques
17、tion( ) 1. There is someone waiting_ you at the gate.A. to B. for C. with D. of( ) 2. He is very kind and helpful. He helps me a lot_ my homework.A. to B. for C. with D. of( ) 3. I only have ten Yuan. Is it enough_ this book?A. to B. for C. with D. of( ) 4. When you travel to other places, you can b
18、uy some things_ your family.A. B. to C. for D. with( ) 5. These are his trousers. Give_.A. it to him B. him it C. them to him D. him them( ) 6. This key is the one_ the door.A. to B. for C. with D. of( )7.There are lots of hills _ our town. They make the town warm in winter.A. in B. around C. betwee
19、n D. on( )8.He buys beautiful cards every year . He often sends _at Christmas .A .his friends to them B .his friends them C .them his friends D .them to his friends 4. gold/goldengold 名词 golden 形容词金色，黄金 金的，金色的1This bowl is made of gold. This bowl is golden5. own1) 动词: “拥有” ，相当于 have。My father owns a
20、 new car= My father has a new car. 2) 形容词：自己的 my own room6. exchange1) 动词：交换 exchange ideas 交换想法2）形容词：交换的 a group of exchange students from Britain /the UK= a group of British exchange students( ) 1. He was very surprised. He couldnt open the car of_. A. his owns B. he own C. he owns D. his own( ) 2
21、. There are some_in our school, so we can_ideas with them.A. students exchange; exchange B. exchange students; exchangeC. exchanging students; exchange D. students exchanged; exchange( ) 3. “ Helen_ a bedroom.” means “ Helen has _ bedroom”.A. own; own B. own; her own C. owns; her own D. owns; the he
22、r own( ) 4. My grandmother gives me a_ ring.A. gold B. golden C.golding D. golded( ) 5. This_ throne is_.A. golden; gold B. gold; golden C. gold; gold D. golden; golden7. work1) 动词： 工作 work hard2) 名词：工作-不可数 have much work to do3) 名词：作品-可数 works of art/ works of Luxun( ) 1. -What is your_?-A teacher.
23、A. work B. works C. job C. doing( ) 2. She _ hard, so she has her own_.A. work; work B. works; works C. work; works D. works; work( ) 3. Their_ is to let off_.A. work; fireworks B. works; fireworks C. work; firework D. works; firework( ) 4 How much_ do you have?A. homework B. art works C. fireworks
24、D. job( ) 5. How many_ does she own?1A. work B. homework C. housework D. works8. 辨析 one 与 itone 代替与前面 同类不同一 的事物it 代替 前面的事物本身I have no pen and I want to buy one. (任何一支钢笔，同类)There is only one pen there. I have to buy it. (就是前面那个）9.多者之间Some others.表示“一些.其他的”Some like Chinese，and others like English.Som
25、e the others“一些其他所有的 Some boys are playing football, the others are playing basketball.两者之间：lonethe other.表示 “一个另一个” I have two pens，one is black，the other is red.( )1. Heres the only book. Ill take _ .A. some B. any C. one D. it ( )2. The girl is from the UK. _ students are from the USA.A. Others B
26、. Another C. The other D. The others( )3. Welcome to my home. Would you like _ coffee?A. some B. any C. many D. much( )4. Of the three men, one is a worker, _ two are masters. A. the others B. the other C. others D. other( ) 5. He has two sons. One is a doctor, _is a teacher.A. the others B. the oth
27、er C. others D. other( ) 6. I only have a pen. I want to go to the shop to buy_.A. that B.this C. one D. it( )7. We study Chinese, English and some _ subjects(科目). A. the other B. other C. others D. another10. enough1) enough +sth enough money/food2) adj. + enough good enough/heavy enough3) be enoug
28、h for sth Ten yuan is enough for a book.be enough to do sth Ten yuan is enough to buy a book11. elseSomething/anyone/what/who + else1( )1. What _ do you want to buy? A. other B. else C. else things D. others( )2 .What _things can you see in the picture? A. other B.else C.another D.the other( ) 3. Is
29、 the food enough_ dinner?A. to B. have C. for D. with( )4. This room is_to hold _.A. big enough; people enough B. enough big; enough people C. big enough; enough people D. enough big; people enoughStep 1. 思考回忆所学知识点，并将所学知识点列在下面Step 2. 错题回顾根据句意及汉语或首字母提示，写出句中所缺单词。1. I can buy some (明信片)for you on my wa
30、y back. 2. Nick doesnt know the （答案）to the question .网 3. Miss Lees (戒指) is nice, She buy it from the supermarket.家庭作业14. My (笔袋) is old, I want to buy anew one .5. Your bike is not here. You can use (我的) .完成对话(10 分)A: Mike, _1_?B: Eleven. There are eleven good friends coming to my party.A: How much
31、 will they cost, do you know?B: Thirty-three dollars.2._A: Oh, I see. Look! There is a red purse on the floor.3._B: No, it is not mine. Mine is in my hand.A: Whose it is, then?4._B: Let me see. Im sorry I dont know. Maybe it is hers.A: 5._B: All right. Lets go.句子翻译。1.怀特先生会把你带到邮局的。_2.我们愿意在我们学校的足球场踢足球
32、。_3.爸爸每周六下午从上海给我打电话。_4.我带你到公园去见一见我的一位老朋友。_5.你在这整个地区都可以看到这种树。_ 阅读理解The Farmer, His Horse, and His sonOnce there was an old farmer, with a horse which was almost as old as himself. He set out one morning with his son to sellthe horse before it died. Father and son walked, because the farmer did not wa
33、nt the horse to be too tired. They met two men on the road who said, “Why are you walking, farmer? You have a horse, Its a long way to market(市场). “The farmer know thatAI think it is yours B. Is it yours C. how many souvenirs will you buy for the party D. Each souvenir need three dollars E. Now lets
34、 go and ask her1this was true, so he rode on the horse, while his son walked. Then they met two old women, “What are you doing up there,farmer? Cant you see how tired boy is?“ So the farmer got down, and his son rode instead. Next, three old men stopped them, one said, “Why are you walking, farmer?
35、Get up, Its too hot for an old man like you to walk today,“ So the farmer got up behind his son, and they rode on. Some time later, a young woman passed them, “Why arent you walking?“ she asked, “It isnt far to the market. Give your poor horse a rest.“ So the farmer, and his son, got down once again
36、. It is a fact that you cannot please all the people all the time.1. The farmer wanted to sell the horse _.A. before it was dead B. before it become too tiredC. before it market was over D. before it was as old as he was2. The two men on the road _.A. asked how far it was to the marketB. said they t
37、hought the horse looked very tiredC. asked why the farmer was not riding on his horseD. told the farmers son to get off the horse and walk3. The two old women said it was wrong for _.A. the farmer to ride such a tired horseB. the farmer to ride while his young son walkedC. the boy to ride instead of his fatherD. only one person to ride such a long way4. The farmer got up behind his son because _.A. the old man said it was too hot for him to walkB. the three old men stopped them on the roadC. he did not know why he was walkingD. his son could not ride the horse by himself
