1、专题九 细节理解阅读,高考英语 (浙江省专用),Passage 1(2018浙江,C)词数: 292 As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Pi- quette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next mo
2、nth. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represe
3、nted what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the,五年高考,A组 2018年全国高考题组,largest public works project in histor
4、y. In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with“a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.”Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to
5、 create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for t
6、he best. Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”,1.Why is hamburger m
7、entioned in paragraph 2? A.To explain Americans love for travelling by car. B.To show the influence of cars on American culture. C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system. 2.What has the use of cars in America led to? A.Decline of e
8、conomy. B.Environmental problems. C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society. 3.What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future? A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国汽车的发展及其对美国社会和文化发展的影响。 1.B 细节理解题。从文章第二段的The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects o
9、f Ameri- can culture.可知,此处提到“hamburger”的目的是证明美国的汽车对美国文化的影响。因此 B项正确。 2.B 细节理解题。从第四段的The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知,汽车的使用导致了美国的环境问题。故选B项。 3.C 推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可知,Friedman指出绿色经济是保持美国强大的机会。 因此他对美国的未来是“充满希望的”。故选C项。 长难句 原句:For most of the last cen
10、tury, the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing for- ward at high speed to find new worlds. 分析:本句是一个主从复合句。what it meant.是一个宾语从句。 译文:在上个世纪的绝大部分时间,汽车代表了美国的实质高速向前去发现新的世界。 重点词汇 eventually adv. 最终 abundant adj. 大量的,丰富的 interstate adj.州际的 con- sumption n.消费,Passage 2(2018课标全国,A)词数: 260 Washing
11、ton, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the fa- mous monuments wher
12、e they blossom. Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blos- somsdisappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Ex- plore the monuments and memorials on the National M
13、all as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours,Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washi
14、ngton, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Nigh
15、t Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers
16、unique facts and history. Tour in- cludes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1.Which tour do you need to book in advance? A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.,C.Capital City Bike Tou
17、r in Washington, D.C. D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A.Meet famous people. B.Go to a national park. C.Visit well-known museums. D.Enjoy interesting stories. 3.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A.City ma
18、ps. B.Cameras. C.Meals. D.Safety lights. 答案 语篇解读 本文的题材为旅游类。文章为那些自行车爱好者介绍了四个骑自行车探索美国 首都华盛顿的项目。 1.A 细节理解题。根据第一个项目中的Reserve your spot before availability可知,第一个游玩 项目需要预订,所以答案为A项。其他三个项目都没有提及需要预订。,2.D 细节理解题。根据第三个游玩项目中的第二句话(知识渊博的导游会给你讲关于总统、 国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事,让你开心。)可知,在这个游玩项目中你会享受到有趣 的故事,所以答案为D项。 3.D 细节理解题。根
19、据文章最后一段的最后一句话(所有的骑手都配备了反光背心和安全 灯。)可知答案为D项。 重点词汇 reserve vt.预订;预约 unique adj.独特的;独一无二的 词汇积累 blossom n.花朵 vi.开花 minimum adj. 最小的 Passage 3(2018课标全国,A)词数: 284 Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be availa
20、ble in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their childs choices.,1.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping? A.OUT. B.WBP. C.CRF. D.POT. 2.What will the students do on
21、 Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson? A.Travel to London. B.See a parade and fireworks. C.Tour central Paris. D.Visit the WW battlefields. 3.How long does Potty about Potter last? A.Two days. B.Four days. C.Five days. D.One week. 答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四项供学生选择的暑期活动。 1.A 细节理解题。题干句意:如果你想去野营,你将选择哪项活动?根据camping一词直接定
22、位表格中第一项活动OUT。根据OUT中第二句(在达特穆尔你可以参加从划独木舟到野营的 很多活动。)可知A项正确。,2.D 细节理解题。题干句意:在周二,学生们将和Wilson女士在一起做什么?根据Mrs. Wilson 直接定位表格中第二项活动WBP。根据WBP中第一、二句(星期一,我们去伦敦旅行。在伦 敦待一晚上后,第二天我们去法国北部参观一战战场。)可知D项正确。 3.A 细节理解题。题干句意:Potty about Potter持续多长时间?由Potty about Potter直接定位表 格中第四项活动POT。根据POT中第一句中关键信息stay overnight可知该项活动持续两天
23、的 时间,故选择A项。 Passage 4(2018课标全国,A)词数: 192 Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens Visitor Information How to Get to Holker By Car:Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times:Windermere20 minutes, Kendal25 minutes, Lancaster45 minutes, Manchester1 hour 30 minutes. By Rail: The nearest s
24、tation is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for,connections to major cities & airports. Opening Times SundayFriday(closed on Saturday)11:00 am4:00 pm, 30th March2nd November. Admission ChargesHall & Gardens Gardens Adults: 12.00 8.00 Groups: 9.00 5.50 Special Events Pro
25、ducers Market 13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular eve
26、nts in gardening.,National Garden Day 28th August Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while
27、enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. 1.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester? A.20 minutes. B.25 minutes. C.45 minutes. D.90 minutes. 2.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens? A.12.00. B.9.00. C.8.00. D.5.50. 3.
28、Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show? A.Producers Market. B.Holker Garden Festival. C.National Garden Day. D.Winter Market.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了到达Holker的方式、参观时间、参观费用和特殊活 动。 1.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的from Manchester直接定位到文章How to Get to Holker部分 中的Manchester1 hour 30 minutes,故选D项。 2.B
29、 细节理解题。根据题干中的a tour group和Hall & Gardens直接定位到文章Admission Charges部分中的Groups:9.00,故选B项。 3.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的see a live music show直接定位到文章Winter Market部分中 的enjoying a live music show,故选D项。 重点词汇 approximate adj.大致的,大约的 a variety of各种各样的 recipe n.食谱 anniver- sary n.周年纪念日,Passage 5(2018北京,B)词数: 284 Find Your A
30、dventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) Center If youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking
31、 employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom. For the trainees, the programs a
32、lso offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees th
33、e chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designed tasks and t
34、heir search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.,With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task. All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Fam- ily Camp programs for families wit
35、h children as young as 7. Stay an hour or stay a weekthere is something here for everyone! For more details, please visit us online at . 1.Why do people come to SAC? A.To experience adventures. B.To look for jobs in aviation. C.To get a degree in engineering. D.To learn more about medicine. 2.To ear
36、n a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to . A.fly to space B.get an Aviation badge first C.study the principles of flight D.build and fire model rockets,3.What is the most important for trainees? A.Leadership. B.Team spirit. C.Task planning. D.Survival skills. 答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文, 介绍在太空航空中心的一些活动,
37、人们在这里可以通过动手 操作和团队合作体验冒险。 1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话(如果你想寻求独特的冒险,太空航空中心是一个好 地方。)可知答案选A。 2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话(在太空训练营,参加培训的人员在建造和发射火箭 模型,了解太空任务并和来自世界各地的工作人员一起尝试太空模拟飞行时,能够赢得太空探 索徽章。)可知选D。 3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段(在所有的课程中,当参加培训的人员在学习领导能力的重要 性和参与更大的任务时,团队合作是很关键的。)可知选B。 重点词汇 unique adj.独特的 a variety of 各种各样的 trainee n.接受培训
38、的人 词汇积累 hands-on adj. 亲身实践的 teamwork n.团队合作,协作,Passage 6(2018天津,A)词数: 332 Fire Prevention Information The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems, fire alarms, and fire ext
39、inguishers(灭火器). They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. Fire Alarms The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm s
40、ystems which in- clude fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡,乱摆弄)these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment. Fire D
41、rills A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following: Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room. Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit; do not use a lift. Meet outside of your residence hall and wait
42、 for further instructions. Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situ- ation for other residents and could result in damage
43、 to personal property. Misuse of a fire extin- guisher will result in fines. Smoke Detectors A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the,ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector: If your smoke detector is worki
44、ng properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blink- ing(闪动),contact residence hall staff immediately. Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way. If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff. 1.What is the main duty of the
45、fire prevention professionals? A.To provide part-time jobs for students. B.To lead the students to the nearest exits. C.To check and maintain fire prevention equipment. D.To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals. 2.What do the automatic fire alarm systems include? A.Pipes and smoke dete
46、ctors. B.Smoke detectors and sprinklers. C.Fire alarm pull stations and pipes. D.Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.,3.In a fire drill, the students should . A.rush quickly to a lift B.gather at the nearest exit C.shut the door and leave at once D.wait for instructions in the hall 4.What do we
47、know about the use of fire extinguishers? A.Using them wrongly results in punishment. B.Irresponsible use of them can damage them. C.Improper use of them can destroy the apartment. D.Using them without a trainer present is forbidden. 5.To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should .
48、 A.contact the hall staff regularly B.cover the things that burn easily C.start the smoke detector in a fire D.make certain the red light is working,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。题材为消防安全类。本文就学生宿舍楼如何预防火灾从五 个方面做了详尽的说明。 1.C 细节理解题。题干句意:预防火灾的专业人员的主要职责是什么?根据第一部分中的第 二句话(他们巡查所有的校园建筑,检验并维护所有的喷水灭火装置、火警报警器和灭火器) 可知,C项(检查并维护
49、火灾预防设备)描述的就是他们的主要职责。A项:为学生提供兼职工 作。B项:带领学生到最近的通道。D项:把老师培训成预防火灾的专业人员。这三项在文章 中均没有提及。 2.B 细节理解题。题干句意:自动火警报警系统包括什么?根据第二部分中的第二句话(大多 数校园大楼内还配备了自动火警报警系统,包括热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷水灭火装置)可知 答案为B项。A项中的 “pipes”不包含在内。C项中的两个都没有包括在内。D项中的“fire alarm pull stations”不包含在内。 3.C 细节理解题。题干句意:在火灾演练中,学生们应该 。根据第三部分中的前两个 黑点提示部分(带上钥匙和你的身份
50、证,关上并锁上你的房间门。从离你最近的紧急出口马上 离开,不要用电梯),可知,这时候学生们应该关上门马上离开,这与C项描述一致。A项:迅速跑,向电梯。这与“不要用电梯”恰好相反。B项:在最近的通道集合。让你从这里马上离开,而 不是在这里集合。D项:在宿舍楼里等候指令。由第三部分中的第三个黑点后的内容可知,是 让你离开宿舍楼在外面等候指令。 4.A 细节理解题。题干句意:我们对于使用灭火器了解些什么?根据第四部分最后一句话(错 误地使用灭火器会导致罚款)可知A项正确。B项:不负责任地使用灭火器会毁坏它们。本部 分第三句话指出不负责任地使用灭火器会对在楼内居住的其他人带来危险,故排除B项。C 项:
51、不正确地使用灭火器会毁掉整栋公寓。这个危害文章没有提及。D项:没有指导人员在现 场是禁止使用灭火器的。这一点文章也没有提及。 5.D 推理判断题。题干句意:为了保证烟雾探测器安全运转,我们应该 。根据第五部 分中第一个黑点后的提示(如果你的烟雾探测器正常工作的话,上面的红灯应该是亮着的。如 果红灯不闪烁了,立即联系宿舍管理员)可推断出,为了让烟雾探测器正常运转,一定要确保上 面的红灯是工作的。这与D项的描述相符。A项中的regularly与原文的immediately不符。其 他两项均未提及。 重点词汇 inspect vt. 检查;查看 drill n.演习 emergency exit 紧急出口 result in 导致;带来 词汇积累 staff n. 全体职员;员工 automatic adj.自动的 detector n.探测器 resident n.居民,
