1、第 6 讲 动词的 3 个考查角度、13 组高频短语记忆、5 组近义词辨析及动词考法备考指导 对于动词的考查一定是从以下几个角度：(1)从语法(时态、语态、语气等)的角度考查；(2)从单词词义辨析的角度考查；(3)从短语词义辨析的角度考查：同一个动词后跟不同的介词或副词的考查；不同的动词后跟同一个介词或副词的考查。一、以 get 为例掌握高考考查动词时的三个角度1从语法的角度考查 get 的相关知识(1)get宾语to do 叫(请、说服)某人做某事Ill get more men to do it.我多叫几个人做此事。Be sure to get Mr.White to come here.
2、一定请怀特先生来。(2)get宾语过去分词弄得(使得)某事完成(自己也可能参与)She got a new coat made.她定做了一件新大衣。Lets get this matter cleared up.咱们把这件事情弄清楚吧。(3)get宾语现在分词使在某种状态中(相当于 keep.doing)The lecture got us thinking.这次演讲使我们深思。Can you get the clock going again?你能让这个钟再走起来吗？(4)get过去分词(构成被动，着重于动作)受，被He got dismissed because of his lazine
3、ss.由于懒惰他被开除了。I got acquainted with him when he was in high school.我在中学时期就认识了他。(5)(口语)Got it！明白！Youve got me！这下可把我难住了！ 2从词汇的角度考查 get 的相关知识(1)get不同的介词(副词)get along/on with 与和睦相处，进展get about(消息)传开，传出来；走动，到处跑，旅游get across(使)通过；(使)被理解，(把)讲清楚get away with 侥幸做成get down to sth.开始做某事3从词汇的角度考查 get 的相关知识(2)不同的
4、动词同一个介词(副词)get through 用完；顺利通过；接通电话break through 突破，突围see through 看透，看穿，看破look through 审核，仔细查看；透过看；浏览，快速查看go through 仔细讨论；仔细查看；经历，经过；用完，通过pull through(使)度过危机，(使)度过危险二、运用归类识记法牢记 13 组高考高频动词短语1break 短语break away (from sb./sth.)脱离，逃脱，甩掉break ones word 食言break out 爆发，突然开始break down 机器、车辆等坏掉；使分解break in 插
5、话；强行进入break into 强行闯入；突然开始break up 粉碎；关系破裂；垮掉2bring 短语bring forth 生产bring forward 将提前；提议bring down 降低；打落bring in 赚得；提出；引进bring up 抚养；提出；呕吐3call 短语call at someplace 拜访某地call on sb.拜访某人call for 需要，要求；接call on/upon sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事4take 短语take away 带走；解除take off 脱下；起飞；迅速流行take on 雇用；呈现take in 收留；欺骗
6、；理解；包含take down 写下；拆掉take up 开始从事；占据take part in 参加take pride in 为感到骄傲take place 发生take the place of 替代take care of 照顾take action 采取行动take measures/steps 采取措施5give 短语give in 投降，让步give up 放弃，投降give out 散发，耗尽give off 发出光、热、气味等give away 分发，送给6go 短语go out 送出；熄灭go with sth.附属于；同意go mad 发疯go bad 变坏，变质go a
7、gainst 违背go on 继续7hold 短语hold back 隐瞒；阻挡，抑制hold on 坚持，等着；不要挂掉电话hold up 耽搁；支持住8keep 短语keep back 保持距离；抑制感情等的流露；隐瞒keep off 回避某话题；使不接近keep away from 远离keep up with sth.熟悉；继续支付keep up with sb.与某人保持联系keep on 继续keep a record 保持纪录keep ones promise 遵守诺言keep an eye on 照看，留神，留意9look 短语look after 照顾，照料look arou
8、nd/round 环顾四周look down on 看不起，鄙视look for 寻找；期待look out 小心look forward to sth./doing sth.盼望，期待look up 好转；抬头往上看；查阅look into 调查10make 短语make up 化妆；组成；编造make up for 弥补be made up of 由组成/构成make out 理解，看清make full/good use of 充分利用make friends with 与交朋友make fun of 取笑make room for 给让出空间make an apology to 给道歉
9、make preparations for 为作准备make the bed 铺床make a living 谋生make money 赚钱make peace 讲和make tea 沏茶11put 短语put away 把放回原处；积蓄put up 提升；张贴；建立；投宿put down 写下；放下；镇压put out 生产；扑灭；出版put off 取消；使反感put on 穿上；上演；增加体重put up with sb./sth.容忍12set 短语set about 开始做；攻击set out 动身；开始工作set off 出发；使爆炸；引起set up 建立set fire to
10、sth./set sth.on fire 放火烧set an example to 为树立榜样13turn 短语turn to 翻到；向求助turn in 上交；取得turn on 打开；取决于；突然攻击turn off 关掉；不再听turn up 偶然出现；把声音调高turn down 把声音调低；拒绝turn out 结果是；出席take an exam 参加考试，相当于 sit an examtake ones advice 听从劝告take it for granted (that.)把看成是理所当然的事take sb./sth.seriously 严肃对待某人/某事take.for
11、example 以为例三、运用语境记忆法掌握 5 组近义词1afford，cost，pay，spend，takeafford 表示“买得起；有时间做” ，可以指费用、时间等，常用于 afford sth.和 afford to do sth.结构；其他四个词都有 “花费”之意，其中 cost 指“需付费” ，常用于 cost sb.sth.结构；pay 常指“付多少钱” ，常用于 pay (sb.)for sth.结构；spend 指“花时间或钱” ，常用于 sb.spend时间/钱on sth./(in) doing sth.结构；take 常用于 It takes sb.时间to do s
12、th.结构。如：We cannot afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。The new computer costs him around 1，000.(cost 的主语一般是物，且没有被动结构)这台新电脑花费了他将近 1 000 美元。Who will pay for the meal?谁为这顿饭付账？Every day he spent twenty minutes (in) talking to the boy.他每天花 20 分钟的时间跟这个男孩谈话。It took us a lot of time to finish the work.完成这项工
13、作花了我们很多时间。2take part in，join in，join，attend它们都有“参加”之意。take part in 意为“参加，参与(某事或某活动)” ；join in 意为“参加” ，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或动名词；join 指“加入”某个团体、组织；attend 强调“出席” ，如 attend a meeting/concert，attend classes/school/a lecture 等。如：It is useful to take an active part in afterschool activities.积极参加课外活动是有
14、益的。Please join us and play together!加入我们一起玩吧！Last Saturday all of us attended his wedding.上个星期六，我们都参加了他的婚礼。He never joined in the usual sports of the boys.他从不参加男孩们的一般活动。3hurt，wound，injure，destroy(1)hurt 表示“伤害”的一般用词，既可以指“对肉体的伤害” ，也可以指“对精神的伤害”。如：He hurt his back when playing squash.他打壁球时背部受伤了。What he
15、said at the meeting hurt me.他在会议上说的话伤害了我。(2)wound 常指“外伤” ，特别指“在战争、打斗中受到的伤害” 。如：He was wounded in the war in the left arm.他在战争中左胳膊受了伤。(3)injure 一般指“在意外事故中受伤” 。如：Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。(4)destroy 一般指“彻底损坏” ，常译成“毁坏，破坏” 。如：The school was destroyed complete
16、ly by a big fire.学校被一场大火彻底烧毁了。4arise，rise，raise(1)arise 常表示问题等的“产生，出现” ，主语多为抽象名词。如：A new crisis has arisen.新危机已经出现。(2)rise 其过去式、过去分词分别为 rose，risen，是不及物动词，不能接宾语，无被动语态，意为“上升，升起；起床；增长” 。如：Food prices have risen rapidly in the past few months.在过去的几个月中，食物的价格上涨得飞快。(3)raise 用作及物动词，后可接 ones hand/a stone/the
17、 flag/the price/ones voice 等，可用于被动语态。侧重表示把人或物提高到较高的位置或水平，既可指具体的事物，也可用于比喻意义。如：Finally the ship was raised to the surface of the water.最后，船被打捞出水面。5match，fit，suit(1)match 既可用作及物动词又可用作不及物动词，多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配，意为“相配，相一致” 。如：That hat matches your jacket well.那顶帽子与你的短上衣很相配。(2)fit 既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，多指衣物等尺寸
18、、大小“适合，合身” 。如：Not every shoe fits every foot.并非每只鞋都合脚。(3)suit 表示“相配，合身” ，强调衣服的颜色、花样、款式等适合某人，也可指合乎需要、口味和条件等。如：Would Monday suit you?星期一可以吗？四、动词考法考查动词短语及搭配同一动词和不同的介词或副词搭配有着不同的含义：同一介词或副词和不同的动词搭配含义也会不同。如：givein/out/away/up turnin/out/on/off/up/downput up/on/down/away/off setup/off/out/about/asidecutup/d
19、own/off/in comealong/off/across/throughcarry/feed/put/focuson get/look/take/comeover典例展示 1 (2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.答案 on解析 be focused on 为固定搭配，意为“集中于” 。故答案为 on。典例展示 2 (2014辽宁高考)OK. Dont laugh _ me. I may look funny.答案 at解析 laugh at
20、 是固定搭配，意为“嘲笑” 。故答案为 at。跟踪训练考点突破.动词辨析open，earn，reserve，deny，accumulate，negotiate，limit，remind，order，fail1William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to _2If you dont like the drink you _，just leave it and try a different one.3Mary，I _ John of his promise to help you
21、.4Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also _ our thinking.5The minister said， “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but well never _ with criminals.”6Clinical evidence began to _，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activi
22、ties than had been predicted from experiments in animals.7Are you still mad at her?Not really，but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me.8Id prefer to _ my judgment until I find all the evidence.9You are old enough to _ your own living.10I _ a bank account after I made 1，000 by doing a parttime job durin
23、g the summer vacation.动词短语辨析take on，come across，look up，go over，bring up，put up，care about，turn down，work out，speed up，bring down，put up with1I can _ the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.2The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable
24、.3They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.4You cant predict everything.Often things dont _ as you expect.5You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal _ again.6If you _ faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.7He decided that he would dri
25、ve all the way home instead of _ at a hotel for the night.8Born into a family with three brothers，David was _ to value the sense of sharing.9To get a better grade，you should _ the notes again before the test.10I often _ the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.11She _ an old friend
26、 of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.12Some insects _ the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.能力提升.阅读理解AThe mystery of why a baby is comforted by being picked up has been discovered.A new study not only shows that babies deeply relax when they are carried，b
27、ut goes on to explain the physical processes at work.An instinct(本能) in evolution causes crying babies to calm down，when they are held in their mothers arms.When babies are picked up and carried，their heart rate slows down and they “automatically and deeply” relax.But this doesnt happen when they ar
28、e simply held，the study found.The scientists say the study is the first to show that the babys response to being calmed is a coordinated(协调的) set of nervous regulation of hearts.The findings could help parents who have trouble tranquilizing their babies，claim the scientists.“Their baby response redu
29、ces the mothers burden of carrying，and is important to both the mother and the baby， ” Dr.Kumi Kuroda，from the Riken Brain Science Institute in Japan.The researchers believe the calming response is a survival traits(特征) preserved by evolution in many mammals，including lions and squirrels.The researc
30、h involved measuring electrical brain activity in both human babies and mouse babies.When baby mice are carried by their mothers，their legs flexed(弯曲的) and they stopped giving off loud sound.In mice，the calming response was depended on the sense of touch and the ability to feel body movement.The fin
31、dings may have importance for parenting，say the scientists.“Such proper understanding of babies would reduce parents feeling of failure and be important，because crying is a major risk for child abuse， ” said Dr.Kuroda.“Although our study was done on mothers，we believe that this is not specific to mu
32、ms and can be used by any primary caregiver.”1What response do crying babies have when they are picked up?AThey stop crying and fall asleep quickly.BThey smile at the mothers at once.CThey relax with the heart rate slowing down.DThey ask for more body contact.2What does the underlined word “tranquil
33、izing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ARaising. BCalming.CCarrying. DTeaching.3Who will be interested in the text?APrimary school teachers.BParents with teenagers.CPeople who take care of babies.DCouples who want to have children.4What does the text mainly talk about?AHow we can take good care of babi
34、es.BMothers have trouble in bringing up children.CWhat to do when your baby cries.DWhy babies calm down when picked up and carried.BA rescue center in Alaska has taken in an orphaned baby seal that was still in the body when a hunter killed its mother on Easter Sunday.The Alaska Sea Life Center says
35、 a hunter killed the babys mother in a village on Nelson Island in the Bering Sea.The hunter then realized there was a live baby inside the seal and successfully delivered it.The hunters daughter found a hotline of the Seward Rescue Center and called to report the incident.Guided by center staff，a v
36、illage teacher helped transport the baby to the local airport，and the animal was flown to Anchorage.The Alaska Sea Life Center members met the baby，now called Maxwell，at the Anchorage airport and drove him to Seward on Monday.Staff members say the baby has responded well to food and care，but his con
37、dition is still considered very serious.“Maxwell was close to fullterm，and everything looks fairly normal， ” said Pam Tuomi，a center vet.“But babies that have never received antibodies(抗体) from their mothers milk are at higher risk of infection，so we will keep Maxwell in a separate place and watch h
38、im closely for the next few weeks.”The Sea Life Center is Alaskas only permanent facility licensed to house stranded(搁浅的) marine mammals and seabirds.Staff choose a theme each year for naming animals admitted there，and this year the names are related to caffeine.“We hope to give Maxwell a second cha
39、nce at life as a wild seal， ” said Brett Long，the centers director.5What can we learn from the passage?AThe mother seal was killed in order to protect the baby seal.BThe mother seal was killed before the baby seal was born.CThe cruel hunter was unwilling to save the baby seal.DBoth the mother seal a
40、nd the baby seal were in good condition now.6What did the hunters daughter do with the baby seal?AShe helped to feed it.BShe delivered it successfully.CShe reported it to a rescue center.DShe persuaded her father to save it.7The underlined word “him” in the third paragraph probably refers to “_”Athe
41、 hunterBthe baby sealCthe center memberDthe village teacher8Maxwell is at high risk of infection because _Ait was born too earlyBthere are no antibodies in its bodyCit cant get used to the life in the centerDit cant be taken good care of in the center.完形填空You are near the front line of a battle.Arou
42、nd you shells(炮弹)are exploding；people are shooting from a house behind you.What are you doing there？You arent a soldier.You arent_1_carrying a gun.Youre standing in front of a _2_and youre telling the TV_3_what is happening.Its all in a days work for a war reporter，and it can be very_4_In the first
43、two years of the _5_in former Yugoslavia(前南斯拉夫)，28 reporters and photographers were killed.Hundreds more were _6_What kind of people put themselves in danger to _7_pictures to our TV screens and _8_to our newspapers？Why do they do it?“I think its every young journalists_9_to be a foreign reporter， ”
44、says Michael Nicholson， “thats_10_you find the excitement.So when the first opportunity comes，you take it_11_it is a war.”But there are moments of_12_Jeremy Bowen says， “Yes，when youre lying on the ground and bullets(子弹)are flying_13_your ears，you think：What am I doing here？Im not going to do this a
45、gain.But that feeling_14_after a while and when the next war starts，youll be _15_ ”“None of us believes that were going to_16_， ”adds Michael.But he always _17_ a lucky charm(护身符)with him.It was given to him by his wife for his first war.Its a card which says“Take care of yourself.”Does he ever thin
46、k about dying？“Oh，_18_，and every time it happens you look to the sky and say to God， If you get me out of this，I _19_Ill never do it again.You can almost hear God _20_，because you know he doesnt believe you.”1A.simply BreallyCmerely Deven2A.crowd BhouseCbattlefield Dcamera3A.producers BviewersCdirec
47、tors Dactors4A.dangerous BexcitingCnormal Ddisappointing5A.stay BfightCwar Dlife6A.injured BburiedCdefeated Dsaved7A.bring BshowCtake Dmake8A.scenes BpassagesCstories Dcontents9A.belief BdreamCduty Dfaith10A.why BwhatChow Dwhere11A.even so Bever sinceCas if Deven if12A.fear BsurpriseCshame Dsadness13A.into BaroundCpast Dthrough14A.returns BgoesCcontinues Doccurs15A.there BawayCout Dhome16A.leave BescapeCdie Dremain17A.hangs BwearsCholds Dcarries18A.never Bmany timesCsome time Dseldom19A.consider BacceptCpromise Dguess20A.whispering BlaughingCscreaming Dcrying第 6 讲 动词的 3 个考查
