1、第 五 章 介 词 和 介 词 短 语,介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。一般位于名词或代词之前,在句中不单独作任何成分。介词本身有独立的含义,但意义不够完整,在句中使用时,后面必须接宾语构成介词短语后,才能表达完整的意义。介词短语在句中常作状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语。,考 点 1 介 词 的 用 法,1. 表示时间的介词,in 表示月份、季节、年份、世纪、上下午、晚上。 如: My birthday is in February. Life was different in 19th century.,at,on,in,at 表示某一时刻、某一钟点或假期期间。 如:I woke up at 7
2、oclock.,on表示具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上。 如:The story happened on a cold winter night.,“after+一段时间”,表示从过去某时间往后推算一段时间,用于过去时;“after+时间点”,一般用于将来时。 如:They came back after two days. They will be free after 2 oclock this afternoon.,after,in,in+一段时间,表示从现在起往后推算一段时间,用于将来时。 如:They will be back in two days.,“since+时间点
3、”,指从某时一直延续至今,用于完成时。 如:They have been here since 5 days ago. They have been here since the meeting began.,from,for,since,from 说明开始的时间,可用于过去、现在、将来的时态。如:We go to school from Monday to Friday.,“for+一段时间”,指动作延续贯穿整个过程,用于完成时。 如:They have been here for 5 days.,until,until用于肯定句时,意为 “直到为止”,谓语动词为延续性动词;用于否定句时,意
4、为 “直到才”,谓语动词为瞬间动词。 如:Please stay here until the meeting is over. I didnt go to bed until my mother came home yesterday.,2. 表示地点或方位的介词,at 表示 “某一点的位置或具体位置 (较小的地方)”。 如:He arrived at the village late last night.,at,in,in 表示 “在某一个范围内 (大地方)”。 如:He arrived in Beijing 2 hours ago.,in 表示 “在某一个范围内”。 如:Zhuhai
5、is in Guangdong.,in,on,to,on表示 “两地接壤” 如: Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.,to表示 “两地相隔” 如:Hainan is to the south of Guangdong.,between表示 “在两者之间” 。如:I sit between Jane and Mary.,between,among,among表示 “在 (三者或以上) 的之中”。 如: The song is very popular among teenagers.,through表示 “内部穿过”。如: The light goes int
6、o the room through the window.,across,past,through,across表示 “表面横过”。 如: Be careful while walking across the street.,past表示 “侧面经过”。 如:Dont forget to call me when walking past my house.,above表示 “在的上方”,但不一定在正上方,也不接触另一物,反义词为below。如: There is a bird flying above the bridge.,on,over,above,on表示 “在的表面上”,两者有接
7、触。 如: There is a book on the desk.,over表示 “在的正上方”,多暗示悬空,反义词为under。如: There is a bridge over the river.,under表示 “在的正下方”。 如:There is a book under the desk。,below,under,below表示 “在的下方”。 如:The radio said the temperature would be below zero.,at泛指在某个位置。如:Shes at the table.,at,beside,by,near,next to,by强调 “紧
8、贴” 。如:She sits by John.,near表示 “在附近”,比by表示的距离远得多。如:She stands near John.,next to表示 “紧靠的旁边” 。 如:She stands next to John.,beside常用语,表示 “在旁边” 。如: She sits beside John.,on表示用某种方式,后可接表示交通工具、手段、通讯方式等名词。如: on the telephone,on the radio,on TV,3.表示手段、工具或方式的介词,by表示用某种方法、手段或交通工具。如: by bike,by Internet,by selli
9、ng flowers,in表示用某种方式,后可接表示语言、声音、颜色、材料等名词。如: in English,in red,with表示用某种具体的工具或手段。如: write with a pen,4.其他常用介词,but表示 “除了什么也没有”,多与nobody,nothing 连用。 如: There is nothing but a bed in the room.,except,besides,but,except指从整体中排除,意为 “除了 (不包括在内)”,常与表示完全肯定或完全否定的词连用。 如:All of us went to the zoo last Sunday exc
10、ept John.,besides指 “除了之外 (还有)”,常与also,other,another等连用。 如: All of us went to the zoo last Sunday besides John.,beyond表示 “超出,多于,为所不能及”,用来修饰范围、水平、限度和能力等。 如: The problem is far beyond me. Im afraid I cant work it out.,against表示 “反对,违背”,反义词为for,常用短语为play against意为 “与对抗”,be strongly against意为 “强调反对”。 如:W
11、e played against Class 9 yesterday afternoon.,as表示 “作为,以身份”,后面接表示职业、职务、身份的名词。如: He is famous as a writer.,with表示 “和,同,与,带着,随着”。 如:I often go shopping with my mother.,like表示 “像一样”,用于说明相似关系,实际上不是。 如: The girl looks like her father.,without表示 “没有”。 如:I cant finish the task without your help.,( )1. How
12、soon will you be back, Peter? _ three weeks.(2016三明市)A. In B. For C. During ( ) 2. I was born _ September 15th,1998.(2015漳州市)A. at B. on C. in ( ) 3. Its reported that the passenger ship “Eastern Star” capsized and sank(翻沉)in the Yangtze River _ June 1st, 2015. (2015莆田市)A. in B. on C. at,真题热身,中考真题,A,B,B,介 词、介 词 短 语 辨 析详见词汇一本通- 易混词辨析,( )1. Sally is my best friend. She is always there whenever Im _ . Yeah. A friend in need is a friend indeed.(2016福州市)A. in order B. in trouble C. in public ( ) 2. Its necessary _ people to have food and water every day.(2016泉州市)A. of B. for C. with,真题热身,中考真题,B,B,