高考英语备考黄金易错点：专题04-动词及动词短语（含答案）.doc

1、1.【2016江苏】33.Parents should actively urge their children to_the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage ofD. give rise to【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。动词短语 gain adm ission to 获准进入； keep track of 记录；take advantag e of利用；give rise to 引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可

2、知 C 项正确 。【考点】考查短语辨析 2.【2016天津】12. Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.A. put B. make C. take D. give【答案】C【考点】考查动词和短语。3.【2016浙江】8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _ us.A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon【答案】A 【解

3、析】 句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。A.将 分开； B.拒绝，拒收； C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选 A。【考点】考查动词辨析。4.(2015湖北，25)There is no doubt that this candidates advantage lies his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.解析 句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人沟通的能力。考查动词短语。lie in 在于。答案 in5.(2015湖北，26)Dont worry.Im sure

4、your missing glasses will turn sooner or later.解析 句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到的。考查动词短语。turn up 出现；发生；开大；发现。答案 up6.(2015陕西，25)Peter will take his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.解析 句意：彼得将会于下个月底就任他旅游公司负责人的职位。考查动词短语搭配。take up 开始从事。 答案 up7.(2015天津，10)Tom had to turn the invitatio

5、n to the party last weekend because he was too busy.解析 句意：因为太忙了，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝聚会的邀请。考查动词短语。turn down 拒绝，符合语境。答案 down8.(2015浙江，7)Body language can give a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.答案 away9.(2015江苏，27)The university started som

6、e new language programs to cater the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.解析 句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。考查动词短语。cater for 迎合，满足所需。 答案 for10.(2015江苏，29)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.解析 句意：整个团队依靠 Cristians Donald，他很少让他们失望。考查动词短语。count on 依靠，指望。答案 on易错起源 1、考查动词辨析

7、例 1 Try not to cough more than you can _ sin ce it may cause problems to your lungs. A. check Ballow Cstop Dhelp 解析：D 考查动词辨析。考生需掌握短语 more than one can help 的意思 “尽量不” ，故正确答案是 D 项。句意：尽量不要咳嗽，因为这会给你的肺带来问题。【名师点睛】高考常考的几组动词词义辨析1injure ，hurt，wound，destroyinjure 一般指在意外事故中受伤hurt是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤

8、害wound 常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害Destroy 一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏” I didnt want to hurt h is feelings.我不想伤害他的感情。He was wounded in the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。2beat，hi t，strike，defeat，winbeat 表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物 )接连地打，击” ，还可表示“ 打败，胜过”hit 表示对准目标打一下，强调击中strike 表示突然性或一次性的击打defeat (beat) 是指“ 击败，战胜” ，宾语通常是人或集体win是“(在中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通

9、常为war，match，game，prize ，medal，respect，battle 等名词Our team beat the American team by eight.我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。She hit him out of anger.她生气地打了他一下。The tower was struck by lightning.该塔被闪电击中了。He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】adopt，attach ，adapt，adjust 的区别ado

10、pt vt. 采取，采纳；收养，领养attachvt. 把附(在上)；重视attach much importance to. 非常重视 adapt vt. 适应；adapt oneself to 适应于adjust vt. 适应，调整；adjust oneself to 适应于This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。Recently, to maintain national balance,

11、the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠易错起源 2、考查动词短

12、语的用法和意义 例 2 We thought of selling this old furniture ,but weved ecided to it.It might be valuable.A.hold on to B.keep up with C.turn t o D.look after【错误解答】 D【正确解答】 A 【名师点睛】多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。以下为常见短语动词 :一、动词 + 介词/副词短语 例句Act on 照行事 He acts on principles.answer for 对 负责 You will answer for

13、wha t youve done.Arm.against 带武器以防 He armed himself against wild animals.agree with 同意 (某人) I agree with her.agree to 同意( 建议等) They agreed to the proposal.apree on(in)同意商定(问题，条件等)They agreed on the question.arrive atin 到达(某地) He arrived in Nanjing at five oclock yesterday mornring.Atm at 瞄准 He aimed

14、 the gun at the bird.Ask after 问候 My fater asked after you.Ask for 请求 The boy asked for more food.borrow from 从借来 He borrowed a like from Mary.believe in 信任 We all believe in her.belong to 属于 The house belongs to me.burst into 突然起来 She burst into tears at the news.begin at 从(页)开始 Today we shall begi

15、n at page 40.Babe.on 根据 he based the conclusion on experiments.beat about the bush 绕弯子 Tell me the truth. Dont beat about the bush.Cons ist of 由组成 The society consists of five members.congratulateon 祝贺 We congratulated her on winning the e to an end 结束 The talk come to an end at pare to 把比作 He compa

16、red the young to the rising pare with 同相比 She compared the blue pen with the red pen.carebr 喜欢；照料 He doesnt care for playing football.Change for 用交换 He changed his radio for a recorder.ChanSe from to 从转到 She changed from team A to team B.clear up 放晴 The weather cleared up in the e across 偶然碰到 I came

17、 across an old friend in the e into 想出；进入 An idea su ddenly came into my mi nd.ca11 up 打电话 I shall call her up soon.Csll for 叫(人) He will call for you in the evening.call for 为 叫喊 He heard someone calling for help.cdll on 访问(某人 ) She will call on a friend on Sunday.cdll on 号召 The Party called on us

18、to study hard.Cure.of 治愈 Fhe medicine cured him of his pain.depend on 依靠 He depended on his mother in life.disagree with 与 意见不同 He disagreed with her over the plan.Die of 因 病、饥饿等而死 The man died of cancer.Die from 因伤、意外等而死 The died man died from a serious wound.Die for 为而死 He died for the people.devo

19、te to 把用于 she devoted all her money to huvine books.enged in 从事，忙于 He is engaged in writing new book.End with 以结束 The party ended with dancing.fail in 在失败 She failed in winning the game.find out 查明 He has not found out the trouble yet.give up 放弃 Never give up hope.give over 克服，渡过 Youll soon get over

20、 your shyness.Get on( off) 上车( 下车) She got on the bus at Gulou Square.Get on 进展 He is getting on well in the work.Get ready for 准备好 He has got ready for the journey.Get in 收进 The peasants got in the wheat in May.grow up 长大，发展 The children have already grown up.give in 投降(让步) They gave in at last.Get

21、 up 起床 She gets up early every morning.Go on 继续 The meeting went on deep into the night.go all out 竭尽全力 They went all out to build the airport.So through 通过；细察 She went through the book before buying it.go over 复习，看一遍 She went over the lessons for three times.go down (日，月)落下，下沉 The moon has gone dow

22、n.go without 放弃，没有也行 He had to go without food.Hand in 交进来 They handed in their papeps.Have nothing to do with 与 无关He has nothing to do with the matter.Have some thing to do with 与无关Does she have anything to do with the case?Head for 朝去 The ship is heading for the nearest port.Help with 帮助 He helped

23、 her with her English.Help.in 在帮助 He helped her in study in English. Hope for 希望(得到) She hoped for Mary to come.introduce to 介绍 She introduced me to her father.inspire with 以激发 He inspired them with courage.insist on 坚持 She insisted on doing it that way.interfere with(in) 妨碍；干涉 Dont interfere With h

24、is work.join in 参加(活动) she also joined in the dancing.join sb. in 加入某人从事 He joined us in watering the tees.keep on 继续 She kept on making experinents.Knock at 敲(门等) Someone is knocking at the doo r.loog for 渴望 Im longing for a letter from him.look up 查寻；向上看 He is looking up a new word in the dictiona

25、ry.look upon as 把看作 Do you look upon him as a good friend?learn by heart 背会 She has learnt it by heart.Leave for 动身去 He is leaving for Nanjing next week.look for 寻找 The police are looking for the lost car.Lie in 位于 The town lies in the hills.live on 靠 生活，以为主食Sheep live on grass.laugh at 对笑，嘲笑 D ont

26、laugh at others.look throut 翻阅；浏览 The boy looked through the picture book.Mix with 同混合 Oil and water cant mix with each other.meetwith 遇到 She met with some difficulties.make up ones mind 决定 He has made up his mind what to say.Owe to 归功于 He owed all his success to his parents.Operate on 为手术 He operat

27、ed on the wounded soldier.Put into 把放入 She put the book into the bag.play with 玩 The boy played with a toy tank.Put up 举起 They put up their hands.Put up 挂起 She put up a picture on the wall.Put off 推达 The match is put off owing to the rain.Point out 指出 The teacher pointed out his mistakes.preside ove

28、r 主持(会议) Who is to preside over the meeting?present.with 赠送 He presented her with a gold watch.Put across 使理解(相信) She didnt put the meaning across very well.Prevent from 阻止 The snow prevented him from coming.persist in 坚持 He persisted in doing that.Put.into practice 实施 We shall put the plan into pra

29、ctice.quarrel over 为争吵 They quarrelled over the property.quarrel with 同 争吵 She quanelled with her mother.Reply t o 答复 He hasnt replied to me yet.recover from 恢复 She has recovered from her illness.Rely on 依靠 He relied on his daughter in the past.refrain from 设法不，忍住 Please refrain from smoking.Rob.of.

30、抢走 The pain robbed him of sleep.Run over 辗过去 The bus run over his legs.result from 由引起 His illness results from overeating.result in 导致 Overeating results in his illness.Remember sb.to 代问好 Please remember me to your mother.Set about 着手干 They set about the work at once.Set out 出发 They set out at dawn

31、.succeed in 成功 He succeeded in passing the exam.Speak off 说到 She once spoke of t he book to me.Supply.with 提供 They supplied the soldiers with weapons.share in 分担(享) He shared in her joys and sorrows.share sth with sb 与某人共同使用She shared a room with others.settle in 安顿下来 He settled in a small town.See

32、through 看透 I have already seen through the man.See to it 保证 See to it that the work is done well.send for 派人请 We have sent for the doctor.Stand by 支持 Well stand by you in your hour of need.Stand of 代表 What does “U.S,” stand far?spend on 花费 She spent a lot of money on books.show around 带 参观 He showed

33、 the guests around the city.talk about 谈论 what are you taking about ?over 渡过 lie has tided ov er his illness.turn against 背叛 She will never t urn against her country.turn into 变成 Water can turn into gas.turn to 翻到，转向 Please turn to page 10.think of 想念 We think of you all the time.think about(of) 考虑

34、They are thinking about buying it.turn on 打开 Please turn on the radio.turn off 关掉 Please turn off the lights in the room.tell from 区分 I cant tell her from her sister.take off 脱去 She asked him to take off the cost.turn out 关掉 He forgot to turn out the gas.turn out 生产 The factory turns ont 100 cars pe

35、r day.turn round 绕着 转 The earth turns round the sun.turn up 出现 He didnt turn up until eleven oclock.to begin with 首先 To begin with,we are short of money.wait for 等待 We shall wait for you at the school gate.watch out for 提防 We should watch out for the enemy.write to 给写信 He wrote to me last week.wake

36、up 醒来 She usually wakes up at five.wipe out 消灭 The enemy troops have been wiped out.watch over 照看 The old should watch over the young.二、过去分词 + 介词 （这类短语 常同连系动词连用）短 语 例句be absorbed in 全神贯注于 he is absorbed in reading.be brudened with 负重 he is burdened with a heavy load.be connected with 同有关，同有联系He is n

37、o longer connected with the company.be covered with 覆盖 The road is covered with snow.be crowded with 挤满 She is dressed in red.be dressed in 穿着 She is dressed in red.be engaged to 与订婚 Mary is engaged to John.be equipped with 装备 He is experienced i n mending bikes.be experienced in 对有经验 He is experien

38、ced in mending bikes.be filled with 填满 The hole is filled with ants.be furnished with 提供，布置 They are furnished with enough food.be interested in 对有兴趣 He is interested in the picture.be joined to 连接，结合 One pipe is joined to another.be known as 因 而知名 He is known as a painterbe known for 因而出名 The hill

39、is known for the templebe looked on as 作为看待 He is looked on as their leader.be made into 被制成，使成为 The boy was made into an artist.be made up of 由 构成 A car is made up of many different parts.be married to 与结婚 She is married to a musician.be pleased with 对喜欢，满意 He is pleased with the work.be prepared f

40、or 准备好 They are prepared for the journey.be regarded as 被认为 He is regarded as the greatest poet.be satisfied with 对满意 I am satisfied with your answer.be ashamed of 对感到羞愧 She is ashamed of her action.be tired of(sth)对厌烦 He is tired of this kind of life.be terrified at 被吓一跳 He is rerrified at the snak

41、e.三、动词 + 名词 +介词短语 例句apply ones mind to 专心于 He applied his mind to study.catch sight of 瞧见，看见 I caught sight of her just now.catch(take)hold of 抓住 He caught hold of the girl by the hand.devote oneself to 献身于，专心于 She devotes he rself to eaching.devote ones life to 为献身 He devotes his life to the resear

42、ch.do(great)harm to 对危害(大) The rain has done great harm to the crops.do(great)wrong to 冤枉，委屈 Dont do wrong to an innocent person.feel pity for 对感到怜悯 He felt pity for the poor girl.Fix ones eyes on 凝视 He fixed his eyes on the girl.form the habit of 养成的习惯 He has formed the habit of getting up early.Ge

43、t a good hold of 抓牢 He got a good hold of the rope.Get in touch with 同取得联系 I got in touch with her by phone.Get ird of 除去，摆脱 She has got rid of the had abit.give dvice on 提出建议 He gave advice on city planning.have none of 不允许，不接受 He will have none of your empty promise.have tr ust in 相信 She had trust

44、 in him.have (no) difficulty in (没) 有困难 He has difficultjy in doing the work .have a word with 同谈话 I want to have a word with you.have trouble in 在有麻烦 She had trouble in the matter.have a look at 看一下 Let me have a good at it.have words with 同口角(争吵) He had words with his wife.have (show) interest in

45、对有兴趣He has great intertst in this kind of film.have(deep)effect on 对有(深远)影响The book has great ef fect on his life.have mercy on 同情，怜悯 He has no mercy on the poor old man.have(take)pity on 同情 He has great pity on the sick boy.have the honour of 有幸 he has the honour of meeting her there.help oneself t

46、o 请吃；自用 Please help yourself to some fruit.keep a record of 记录 She kept a record of her daily life.make friends with 同交朋友 He made fridnds with a foreign girl.make fun of 取笑 Dont make fun of him.ma ke(the)best use of 充分利用 They make the best use of the money.make(good，full)use of (很好，充分 )利用You shold m

47、ake good use of your time.make an apology to 向道歉 He made an apology to her.make ones way to 走向 He made his way to the house.make preparations for 准备 She is making preparations for the holiday.make a dive for 猛冲 The dog make a dive for the bone.make a mistake about 为产生误会 Dont made a mistake about her

48、.make a study of 研究，学习 I shall make a study of the plan.Pay attention to 注意 He paid much attention to her life.pass a judgement on 判决 The court passed a judgement on the case.Put ones heart and soul into 全神贯注于 She put her heart and sould into the work.Set fire to 放火、点火 They set fire to the home.Show respect for 尊敬 They show respect for the old.show mercy ot 同情 Never show mercy to the enemy.Say good-bey to 向道别 They said good-bey to each other.Say hello to 打招呼 He said