1、 Unit 2 The environment 自然与环境之(三)环境保护一积词汇见多识广 课内单词回扣(一)阅读词汇写其义1debate n as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.大量的垃圾和废水正涌入河流，结果，水源被严重污染。3It is well known that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺(问题) 正变得日益严重。4There is
2、 no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。5Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce
3、the hazy weather.由于意识到了雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。四背语段语感流畅 With the improvement of our living standard, more and more people can afford a car. As a result, our roads are often crammed with cars. With more and more waste gas being let off by the cars, the problem of air pollution becomes even
4、 more serious. So nowadays we advocate to lead a lowcarbon life. 随着我们的生活水平的提高，越来越多的人都买得起汽车。因此，路上往往塞满了汽车。随着汽车排放的废气越来越多，空气污染问题变得更加严重。所以现在我们提倡过低碳生活。第一板块 重点词汇突破 师生共研词汇1quantity n数量教材原句 Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment.林女士建议我们应当缩减生产
5、量来拯救环境。许多/大量 Error!in quantity/in large quantities 大量地A large quantity of airconditioners has_been_sold (sell) since the temperature is high.因为气温很高，有大量空调售出。With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed (wash) away.由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被冲走。Its cheaper to buy goods in_qu
6、antity/in_large_quantities. 大批量购货较便宜。联想发散 表示“许多/大量 ”的短语还有：a number of 只接可数名词复数；a great deal of, a great amount of, large amounts of 只接不可数名词。A great number of college graduates are (be) seeking to get a highpaid job.很多大学毕业生都想找一份高薪工作。2impress vt.使印象深刻；盖印；使铭记，使牢记教材原句 As a result, you impressed the audi
7、ence. 因此，你给听众留下了深刻印象。(1)impress sb. with sth.impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人牢 记某事be impressed with/by/at . 对印象深刻(2)impression n. 印象leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象(3)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人难忘的My father impressed the value of hard work on/upon me.My father impressed _me_with_the_value_of_hard_wo
8、rk.我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。He was_impressed _with Benjamins drawings. (20176 月浙江高考阅读)本杰明的画给他留下了深刻的印象。The beautiful scenery of Guilin never fails to leave_a_deep_impression_on its visitors.桂林的美景总是让游客印象深刻。3measure n C措施，方法；尺度 vt.测量；估量，判定 linking verb(指尺寸、长、宽、高等) 量度为教材原句 The centre has over 300 scientists devo
9、ted to finding measures that will stop desertification.该中心拥有 300 多位科学家，他们致力于寻找阻止沙漠化的措施。一词多义 写出句中 measure 的含义We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them. 措施This line measures four times as long as that one. 量起来是It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure
10、. 尺度Did you measure the distance between the two development zones？测量(1)measure . by . 用 来衡量be measured by/in 用来衡量/ 计算(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事make sth. to sb.s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物The performance of enterprises was_measured_by profits.企业的业绩是以利润来衡量的。We should take_appropriate_mea
11、sures to improve our teaching.我们应当采取适当的措施来提高教学质量。名师点津 measure 意为“有长(宽、高、重 )”时， 为连系动词，常用主动形式。Our classroom measures (measure) 6 metres by 10 metres.我们教室长 10 米宽 6 米。4range n(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉 vt. although there was . live TV 为 that 引导 的 the fact 的同位语从句，从句中又含有 although 引导的让步状语从句。因那次拍电影的经历以及四年后出演 Th
12、e Sting 的经历而建立起来的友谊源于一个事实：尽管我们存在年龄差距，但我们都遵循着剧院和直播电视平台的传统。“环境保护”与学生的生活紧密相关，高考中常以完形填空、阅读理解和书面表达的形式进行考查。高考通过对此话题进行设题考查，旨在让考生多关注自己身边的人和事物，让他们意识到自己是社会的一分子，更是自然界的一部分，从而让他们树立环保意识，学会与大自然和谐相处。一、话题与语篇考题示例 (2017江苏高考阅读 D)Old Problem, New Approaches1While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, glob
13、al warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions (排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.2When it comes to adaptatio
14、n, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no onesize_fits_all_adaptation.” Ne
15、vertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.3Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disas
16、ter. His notforprofit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at
17、 a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.4Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The
18、 loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphels inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wast
19、ed water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation (灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphels ice
20、 reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.5Increasing Earths reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect ligh
21、t back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warm
22、ing process.6In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the lifegiving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank
23、has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”7More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall ha
24、s allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the batt
25、le to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.8Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy sy
26、stems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.65The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies _.Aadaptation is an everchanging processBthe cost of adaptation varies with timeCglobal warming affects adaptation formsDadaptation
27、to climate change is challenging66What is special with regard to Rezwans project?AThe project receives government support.BDifferent organizations work with each other.CHis organization makes the best of a bad situation.DThe project connects flooded roads and highways.67What did the Ice Man do to re
28、duce the effect of global warming?AStoring ice for future use.BProtecting the glaciers from melting.CChanging the irrigation time.DPostponing the melting of the glaciers.68What do we learn from the Peru example?AWhite paint is usually safe for buildings.BThe global warming trend cannot be stopped.CT
29、his country is heating up too quickly.DSunlight reflection may relieve global warming.69According to the author, polluting industries should _. Aadapt to carbon pollutionBplant highly profitable cropsCleave carbon emission aloneDfight against carbon pollution70Whats the authors preferred solution to
30、 global warming?ASetting up a new standard.BReducing carbon emission.CAdapting to climate change.DMonitoring polluting industries.策略指导 (一)这样读文第 1 步：宏观把握文章大意分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构第 1 段 第 1 段画波浪线部分全球变暖仍将持续几十年，我们仍要面对适应气候变化的挑战提出问题第 27 段 第 27 段画波浪线部分面对这个问题，世界各地的人们想出了不同的创造性的方法具体分析第 8 段 第 8 段画波浪线部分 减少碳排放是重中之重 总
31、结概括第 2 步：微观突破理解障碍尝试翻译 在秘鲁，山脉的冰川深受气候的影响，附近的人们把整个山峰涂成白色来增强对阳光的反射，希望能帮助储存带来生机的冰块。(二)这样做题名师解题65句意理解题。选 A 根据上文中的 “We are therefore . but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.”可知，对于不断 变化的环境，没有一个通用的方法来解决所有 这样的问题。故画线部分表示的是适应环境也是一个不断变化的过程。故 A 项正确。66细节理解题。选 C 根据第三段第一句可知，世界范围内尤其是一些贫穷地区的人们使用了令人意想不到的方法去适应环
32、境的改变，化劣势为优势，再 结合下文的内容可知，Rezwan 的组织充分利用坏形势，故答案 为 C。67推理判断题。选 A 由第四段中的 “. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring .”可知，他把废水引入浅的洼地，水在那里结冰并被储存到春天用来灌溉田地，故 A 项正确。68细节理解题。选 D 根据第六段的内容可知，在秘鲁当地的农民会把整个山峰涂成白色来增强对阳光的反射，希望借此来保 护冰不被融化，再结合第五段的内容可知，反射太阳光可能会减轻
33、全球变暖，故 D 项正确。69推理判断题。选 D 根据第七段中的 “When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt”可知，污染企业争辩说因为人们没有赢得控制碳污染的战争，只能适 应，再 结合下文的 “its a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual”可知，作者认为污染企业的这种说法是荒谬的，其目的是给自己的商业行为制造借口。由
34、此可推知，对于污染企业来说，负责任的做法是同碳污染作斗争，以减少碳排放，故 D 项正确。70细节理解题。选 B 根据最后一段第二句 “But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”可知，作者认为最明智的应对全球变暖的方法是减少碳排放，故 B 项正确。阅读理解系列技法 10 转换语意巧解综合细节理解题综合细节理解题一般需要将题目与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要综合利用多处信息并对相关信息整合后进
35、一步甄别才能得出答案。例如第 68 题，根据第六段的内容可知，在秘鲁当地的农民会把整个山峰涂成白色来增强对阳光的反射，希望借此来保护冰不被融化，再结合第五段的内容可知，反射太阳光可能会减轻全球变暖。(三)这样积累1adaptation n 适应2shift v. 改变，转换3overtake vt. 追上，赶上；压倒；( 不愉快的事)突然降临4emit v. 发出；排放5common sense 常识6have no choice but to do 除了别无选择二、话题与写作考题示例 (2016全国卷)假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请
36、给你的英国朋友 Peter 写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括：1主题：环境保护；2展览时间；3投稿邮箱：intlphotosho w gmschool. com。注意：1词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。写作规范 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分1主题 theme2环境保护 environmental_protection3欢迎做某事 be_welcome_to_do_sth.4参加，加入 participate5拍一些高质量的照片 take_good_pictures6为做点事 do_something_for_.7让我看一些照片 show_me_some_photos8上次
37、 last_time第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分1我们学校摄影俱乐部打算举行国际中学生摄影展。Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show.2展览的主题是环境保护。The_theme_of_the_show_is_environmental_protection.3展览从 6 月 15 号开始，持续 3 周时间。It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks.4任何学生感兴趣。A
38、ny_student_is_interested.5欢迎她/他加入。He/She_is_welcome_to_participate.6我知道你拍的照片质量高，一直为环保想做点事。I_know_you_take_good_pictures_and_youve_always_wanted_to_do_something_for_environmental_protection.7我记得你让我看了有关这个主题的一些照片。I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_this_theme.8你上次参观我们学校。You_visited_our_school_last_
39、time.第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分1将句 4、5 用 who 引导定语从句合并Any_student_who_is_interested_is_welcome_to_participate.2将句 7、8 用 the last time 合并I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_this_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分Dear Peter，Our school photography club is going to hold an Internationa
40、l High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protectio
41、n.I remember you showed me some photos on this theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshowgmschool. com.Hope to hear from you soon.Yours，Li Hua单 元 检 测 高 考 提 能 单元检测 A语言基础扎根练阅读理解提速练
42、语言基础扎根练.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空1I appreciated (欣赏) your generosity in the matter.2Right now, the government should take powerful measures (措施) to push the states economy forward.3Toy sales peaked just before Christmas and now are decreasing (减少)4There are, of course, questions which she will not be willing
43、 (愿意) to answer.5Imbalance in global development has widened. International and local conflicts (冲突) keep breaking out.6The trees on the mountains within my range (范围) of vision had all been felled.7He is very particular (挑剔的) about the materials for the decoration.8We debated (辩论) for several hours
44、 on it before taking a vote.9If we learn to recycle (回收利用) materials, our natural resources will last longer.10This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities (数量)11She gets so absorbed (absorb) in doing something that she is unaware of things happening round her.12Well buy everything you pr
45、oduce (production), provided of course the price is right.13As the people of the great nation, we shall take our responsibility (responsible) to make it stronger.14Land may not be sold, leased, mortgaged (抵押) or illegally (illegal) transferred by any other means.15The soldiers heroic action has left
46、 a deep impression (impress) on peoples minds.单句改错 1The new bridge under construction, measured twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.measuredmeasuring 2After much bargaining, the shop owner agreed to cut off the price by 20%. offout3This picture was taken twenty years ago.
47、I wonder if you can pick me up in it.upout4The first time I toured Taian, I impressed with its beautiful scenery.impressed 前加 was5I really appreciate work with someone who does such a good job.workworking6Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out of. We must act immediately before ther
48、es none left. 去掉 of.翻译句子 1你们越早开始工作，就会越快完成。(the比较级 ., the比较级 .)The_earlier_you_set_about_your_work,_the_sooner_you_will_finish_it.2这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。(倍数what 从句)The_length_of_the_road_is_four_times_what_it_was_three_years_ago.3我讨厌人们说话时满嘴食物。(it 作形式宾语)I_hate_it_when_people_talk_with_their_mouth_full.4毫无疑问他们会从定期的体育锻炼中获益。(there is no doubt that .)There_is_no_doubt_that_they_will_benefit_from_regular_exercise.5他们来到了一座旧教堂，教堂前面站着一大群人。(全部倒装，which 引导非限制性定语从句)They_arrived_at_an_old_church,_in_front_of_which_stood_a_big_crowd_of_people.阅读理解提速练AA massive winter storm is expected to begin hitting Massach
