1、第 3 讲 情态动词与虚拟语气1_ not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017江苏,22)AIt were BWere itCIt was DWas it答案 B解析 句意为:如果没有老师们 的支持, 这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语用 were;在非真实条件句中,如果有 should,had 或 were 时,可以省略 if,而把 should,had 或 were 提至主 语前,形成部分倒装,故 选 B 项。2Samuel ,th
2、e tallest boy in our class,_ easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017北京,21)Amust BshouldCcan Dneed答案 C解析 句意为:我们班最高的男孩塞 缪尔能轻松地够到顶层架子上的书。此 处表示能力,要用can。must 必须;should 应当, 应该;need 需要。3If the new safety system _ to use,the accident would never have happened.(2017北京,34)Ahad been put Bwere putCshould
3、be put Dwould be put答案 A解析 句意为:要是新的安全系 统被投入使用了的话, 这起事故就不会发生了。此处表示与过去事实相反的情况,所以从句 谓语用过去完成时, 选 A 项。4My room is a mess,but I _ clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017天津,2)Adarent Bshouldn tCneedn t Dmustnt答案 C解析 句意为:我的房间很乱,不过今晚在我出去之前,我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天) 早晨打扫。darent 不敢;shouldn t 不
4、应该;mustnt 不准。5Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise,I _ able to reach her yesterday.(2017天津, 15)Ahadnt been Bwouldnt have beenCwerent Dwouldnt be答案 B解析 句意为:你有贝蒂的 电话号码吗?有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的otherwise 及句意可知应用虚拟语气,此处表示与过去事实相反的情况,谓语动词用 would have done,故选 B 项。6If it _ for his invitation the other d
5、ay,I should not be here now.(2016江苏, 27)Ahad not been Bshould not beCwere not to be Dshould not have been答案 A解析 句意为:如果不是他前几天邀请我,我 现在就不会在 这里了。根据句子 结构和句意可知,此处为虚拟语气,再结合时间 状语 the other day 可知,这是对过去行为的虚拟,故 if 从句要用过去完成时。7I love the weekend,because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.(2016 北京, 31)Ane
6、ednt BmustntCwouldnt Dshouldnt答案 A解析 句意为:我喜欢周末,因 为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。 neednt 不需要;mustnt 禁止;wouldnt 不会;shouldnt 不应该。根据句意可知选 A 项。8Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me,I could have helped.(2016北京, 34)Atold Bhad toldCwere to tell Dwould tell答案 B解析 句意为:你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻烦。如果你告诉了我,我就能 够帮助
7、你。根据last week 可知,事情发生在过 去;根据主句谓语动词 could have done 可知,是对过去情况的虚拟,因此从句应用过去完成时 had done。故 选 B 项。9It was really annoying;I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016天津,5)Awouldnt BcouldntCshouldn t Dneednt答案 B解析 句意为:真烦人,我无权使用你推荐的资料库。B 项 couldnt 意为“不能” ,符合 语境。wouldnt 不愿意;shouldnt 不应该;neednt
8、没必要。10I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I _.(2016天津, 15)Awere injured Bwould be injuredChad been injured Dwould have been injured答案 D解析 句意为:我当时系着安全 带。如果没系的 话,我会受伤的。根据题干中的“If I hadnt been wearing one”可知,此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以主句的谓语用 would have been injured。11George _ too far.His coffee
9、 is still warm.(2016浙江,17)Amust have gone Bmight have goneCcant have gone Dneednt have gone答案 C解析 句意为:乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡 还是温的。 cant have done 表示对过去情况的否定推测,意为“不可能做了” 。12Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.(2016浙江, 15)Ahad not fallen Bwoul
10、d not fallCdid not fall Dwould not have fallen答案 D解析 句意为:如果政府和科学家们不一起合作的话,与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会自2005 年的最高值降下来。根据 Had the governments and scientists not worked together 可知事情发生在过去,因此是对过去情况的虚 拟,主句用 would have done 形式。故选 D 项。13Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really _ go now.My daughter is home
11、 alone.(2015北京,29)Amay BcanCmust Ddare答案 C解析 句意为:你不能再多待一会儿吗?天要黑了。我现在真的必须走了。我的女儿一个人在家里呢。may 可以,可能;can 能够,可以;must 必须;dare 敢,敢于。故选 C。14Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again.Oh,its too bad.You _ have made full preparations.(2015福建,27)Amust BcanCwould Dshould答案 D解析 句意为:很抱歉,妈妈 ,我的面 试又失败了。噢,真是太糟糕了,你本应
12、该做好充分准备的。should have done 本应该做但是没有做。15You _ feel all the training a waste of time,but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.(2015陕西, 21)Ashould BneedCshall Dmay答案 D解析 句意为:你可能觉得所有的培训都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百确定,你以后会为你这么做了而心存感激的。should 表示推测时指“按常理应该” ;need 意为“需要” ,常用于否定句或疑问句中;shall 用于第二、三人称的
13、陈述句,表示允诺、警告、威 胁等语气;may 表示推测时指“可能,或许” 。由句意可知,此处表示语气不强烈的推测,故用 may。16You _ be careful with the camera.It costs!(2015四川,2)Amust BmayCcan Dwill答案 A解析 句意为:你一定要非常小心地对待这个照相机,它很贵。根据下文的 it costs 可知,照相机一定很昂贵,所以“必须” 小心对待,故 选 A。17You _ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.(2015重庆, 12)Amust Bca
14、nCwill Dshall答案 A解析 句意为:你一定是卡萝尔,这些年以来你一点都没变 。依据第二句可知,此处应用 must表示很有把握的推测,意为“ 一定,肯定 ”。must 只用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句。18If I _ it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.(2015北京,34)Adidnt see Bweren t seeingCwouldnt see Dhadnt seen答案 D解析 句意为:如果不是亲眼看到,我就不会相信 这件事。由主句中的谓语动词 wouldnt have believed 可知是对过去情况的虚拟
15、,虚 拟条件句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。19Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _ as well as her.(2015陕西, 23)Adance Bwill danceChad danced Ddanced答案 D解析 句意为:埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一 样好那该有多好啊!I wish后接从句,从句用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的情况时 ,谓语动词用过去式(be 用 were);叙述与将来事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用 could/would do;叙述与过去事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用 had done。由语境可知,此 处叙述的是与
16、现在事 实相反的情况,故谓语动词用过去式,选 D 项。20Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway _ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015重庆,7)Adidnt write Bhadnt written Cwouldnt write Dwouldnt have written答案 D解析 句意为:要是没有战争时的经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小 说永别了,武器 。该句使用了含有 without 的含蓄虚拟语气,由语境知,这里是对过去情况的假设,因此主句部分用 would/could/should/migh
17、thave done,故 D 项正确。一、 “情态动词have done”结构“情态动词have done”有两层意思:1表示对过去情况的猜测或估计,有以下几种形式:must have done ( 准是;一定);can/could have done(可能已经);may/might have done(可能/ 也许已经) 。The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.Oh,dear!She must have gone through a lot of
18、difficulties!这位女生物学家在非洲研究野生动物 13 年后才回来。哦,天哪!她一定经历了许多困难!2表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪,常见的有下列形式:should/ought to have done(本该做);could have done(本来能够做) ;might have done(本可以做);neednt have done(本没必要做)。Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You should have told her last week.明天我要告诉玛丽关于她的新工作的情况。你本该上周告诉她的。二、虚拟语气的
19、一些特殊句式1Its (high) time that.did/should do.是的时候了。2If it were not for/had not been for.要不是3but for.要不是4If only.要是就好了。5would rather.did/had done.宁愿It is high time that we were/should be off.到了我们离开的时候了。If it had not been for your timely help,I would have gone bankrupt.要不是你及时的帮助,我早就破产了。1What a boring pla
20、net we _ if there were only one culture in the world!(2017 镇江期中,27)Awould be BwereCwould have Dhad答案 C解析 句意为:如果世界上只有一种文化,那我们所居住的星球将是多么的枯燥啊!根据句意可知从句与现在相反,主句也与 现在相反,故主句用 would/should/could/might动词原形,但 A 项不符合句意,故答案为 C。2Had the earthquake happened in the night,there _ many more deaths,and if the predict
21、ion for the earthquake _ more accurate,we would have been more prepared and many more lives would have been saved.(2017盐城景山中学调研,29)Awould be;had beenBwill be;wasCwould have been;had beenDwould have;has been答案 C解析 句意为:如果地震发生在夜间,将会有更多的人死亡,如果对地震的预测更准确的话,我们会有更多的准备,更多的生命将会被拯救。考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句用过去完成时,主句用
22、would/should/might/couldhave done。根据主从句之间的这种对应关系即可确定正确答案为 C。3It seemed that our nursery rhymes _ some magic because all the nights I sang them for my daughter,she would listen to them with keen pleasure.(2017盐城亭湖中学段考,29)Amust have had Bshould have hadCcould have had Dneed have had答案 A解析 句意为:似乎我们的儿歌有
23、什么魔力因为每晚我为女儿唱的时候,她都会非常愉快的听。这里用情态动词 must 的完成式,表示对过去情况的肯定推测“过去一定是” ;should have done 过去本来应该做而没有做;could have done 本可以做却没有做; need have done 本需要做却没有做。根据句意知选 A。4Could we phone our English teacher now?Not now.Im afraid he _ be driving.(2017扬州中学期中,25)Ashall BmayCwill Dcan答案 B解析 句意为:我们现在可以打电话给英语老师吗?现在不行。恐怕他在
24、开车。 may可能,表示一种可能性,符合语境。shall 用于主语为第三人称的陈述句中,表示条约、 规定、法令等中的义务,常译为“应 ,必 须” ;will 表示意愿或规律性的“注定会” ;can 能够,也可用于否定句或疑问句中表推测。5But for the fact that he _ the truth,he _ for a weeks imprisonment.(2017扬州中学期中,32)Adidnt know;would be punishedBhadn t known;might have punishedCdidnt know;would have been punishedD
25、hadnt known;could be punished答案 C解析 句意为:要不是因为他不知道真相,他会受到一周监 禁的惩罚。他不知道真相是 过去的事实,应用陈述语气 didnt know;that he didnt know the truth 为 fact 的同位语。根据 but for.可知,整句是对过去的虚拟,第二空应用 would/could/might/shouldhave done 的形式。根据句意,他应该受到惩罚,应用被动语态。故选 C 项。6Nowadays people seem to become more and more selfish.How much bett
26、er life would be if we _ to the values of the past!(2017苏锡常镇四市一模,33)Awere to return Bhad returnedCreturn Dwill return答案 A解析 句意为:如今,人似乎 变得越来越自私。 如果我 们能够重新回过去的价值观,生活该多好啊!本题考查虚拟语气。根据主句的关 键词 would 可知, 应用虚拟语气;再根据句意可知,此处表示对将来情况的假 设,其表达形式有三种:were to do sth./should do sth./did sth.,B 项表示对过 去情况的假设,故选 A 项。7_
27、the local authorities paid more attention to the safety of seafood,more lives _ in the poisoning incident.(2017溧水高级中学二模,27)AShould;would not be claimedBHad ;would not have been claimedCShould ;would not be costDHad;would not have been cost答案 B解析 句意为:如果当地政府把更多的注意力放在海鲜的安全上,这次中毒事件中就不会夺去更多人的生命。这是和过去相反的虚
28、 拟语气, if 条件句应该用过去完成时,也可以省略 if把 had 提前,主句用 would have done,答案在 B、D 之间选择, claim 表示“夺去” ,claim ones life 夺取某人的生命, cost 是“使丧失” ,用 cost sb.ones life,所以 选 B。8Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained _ into account before starting a new project.(2017南通如皋联考, 13)Abe taken Bsho
29、uld takeCwould be taken Dhave to be taken答案 A解析 句意为:重点放在开始新项目之前要考虑所有要达到的目标的必要性。分析句子结构可知,that 引导同位语从句,说 明 necessity 的内容, necessity 必要性,为 necessary 的名词形式,其后所接名词性从句应用虚拟语气,即从句 谓语用“should动词原形”结构,should 可省略;在从句中,主语为 all the objectives,to be attained 为其后置定语,主语和 take 之间存在被动关系,应用被动形式(should) be taken 。故选 A 项
30、。9Its a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.I _ it,but I was busy preparing the coming exam.(2017南京九中学情调研,25)Aattended Bhad attendedCwould have attended Dwould attend答案 C解析 句意为:你错过了 Thompson 做的关于英国文化的讲座真是太遗憾了。 我本打算参加的,但我忙于准备即将到来的考 试(而没有去)。本打算要去而没去,符合这一意思的为C。10L
31、ife is full of ups and downs,and without the downs,the ups _ mean nothing.(2017南京学情调研,26)Awould BmustCshould Dshall答案 A解析 句意为:生活充满了起起伏伏,如果没有低谷,那站在高处也失去了意义。分析句子成分可知,本题为 without 的含蓄虚拟语气。根据 Life is full of ups and downs 可知本题为对现在情况的虚拟。结合句意可知 would 符合题意。11After making the speech,he went through it in his
32、 mind to reflect where he _ better.(2017南京三模,24)Acould do Bwould doCcould have done Dwould have done答案 C解析 句意为:在演讲之后,他在 头脑中把演讲回顾了一遍,反思哪里本能够做得更好。根据语境可知,演讲已经结束,现在在反思已经发生的事,应用 could have done 表示过去本来能够做某事,故选 C 项。12Sherry rang to say she was too busy to come.Well,she _ say that.She is always making excus
33、es.(2017 苏锡常镇四市一模,23)Amustn t BwouldCneedn t Dshould答案 B解析 句意为:Sherry 打电话过来说她很忙不能来了。嗯,她是会说这种话的。她总是编造借口。would 表示某人 过去的习惯,根据上句中的 rang 可以看出来是在讲发生在过去的事情。mustnt 表示禁止;needn t 不需要,不必;should 应该,居然。根据题意选 B 项。13He was greatly shocked at Donald Trumps taking office.Never did he expect that the voters _ be so u
34、nreasonable.(2017南京、盐城二模,32)Ashould BcouldCwould Dmight答案 A解析 句意为:他对唐纳德特朗普的上任感到很震惊。他从来没有想到投票人居然会如此不理智。should 应该,居然;could 可能,能够;would(过去) 往往会;might 可能。根据关键信息 shocked 和 Never did he expect 可知,应用 should,表示意外或者在说话人看来是不可思议的情况。故选 A 项。14Im sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline.With better equipment,I
35、_ the task on schedule.(2017南通一模,27)Awould accomplishBmight have accomplishedCmust have accomplishedDcould accomplish 答案 B解析 句意为:很遗憾,我没有赶上截止日期。要是设备更好些,我可能会按时完成任务的。根据语境可知,我已经错过了最后期限,所以能按时完成是与 过去事实相反的假设,应用would/could/should/mighthave done 结构,故选 B 项。15If 53,667 people _ differently,Hillary Clinton woul
36、d have keys to the White House.(2017南京、盐城一模,31)Avoted Bhad votedCshould vote Dshould have voted答案 B解析 句意为:如果 53 667 人投了跟过去不一样的票,那么希拉里克林顿现在就拥有了白宫的钥匙。分析句子成分可知,本句为 if 引导的非真实条件句。根据句意可知,从句部分 为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故 had voted 符合句意。16Roberts new book about space exploration is fantastic.You simply _ read it.(2016南
37、通、扬州、泰州调研,33)Amust BcanCneed Dmay答案 A解析 句意为:罗伯特关于太空探险的新书很奇妙,你必 须读 一下。 must 必须;can 能够;need 需要;may 可能,故 A 正确。17Much as I would love _ to the party yesterday,I didnt because I had to prepare for the interview.(2016南通、扬州、泰州调研,28)Ato go BgoingCto have gone Dhaving gone答案 C解析 句意为:尽管我很愿意去参加昨天的晚会,实际上我没有去,因为
38、我不得不准备面试。本句考查的是不定式的完成时表示虚拟语气的用法, would love to have done 本来想要做某事,实际上未做。18The desk that _ clean so I could do homework was always surrounded with bowls of bad milk,old magazines and so on.(2016南京、盐城二模,32)Amay have been Bwould have beenCmust have been Dshould have been答案 D解析 句意为:那张本应该很干 净让我来做作业的书桌总是被变
39、质的牛奶、旧 杂志和其他的东西包围着。might/may/must have done 表示对过去肯定的推 测;should have done 的意思是“本应该(但实际上没有)”根据句意可知, 选 D。19We shall hardly please everyone,nor is it necessary that we _.(2016苏锡常镇四市一模,24)Aneed BshouldCcan Dmay答案 B解析 句意为:我们很难取悦每个人,我们也没必要去取悦每一个人。It is necessary that 句式中,that 从句应用虚拟语气,即从句 谓语动词用 should do,s
40、hould 也可省略。此 题 should 后省略了 please everyone。20They are said to have been familiar with each other.But they _.They were introduced only hours ago.Amay not have been Bcouldnt have beenCmustnt have been Dneednt have been答案 B解析 句意为:据说他们互相之间已经非常熟悉了。 但是不可能啊。他 们几小时前才被介绍认识的。根据句意,他们几小时前才被介绍认识,不可能已经这么熟,这是对过去情况的否定推测,应用 couldnt have done 表示“过去不可能做了某事” ,故选 B 项。