1、题型突破(四) 推理判断之细节推断题A(2017仪征中学期初考试)A world-famous Canadian author，Margaret Atwood，has created the worlds first long-distance signing device(装置) ，the LongPen.After many tiring book-signing tours from city to city，Atwood thought there must be a better way to do them.She hired some technical experts and
2、started her own company in 2004.Together they designed the LongPen.Heres how it works：The author writes a personal message and signature on a computer tablet(手写板) using a special pen.On the receiving end，in another city， a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book.The author and fan can t
3、alk with each other via webcams(网络摄像机) and computer screens.Work on the LongPen began in Atwoods basement.At first，they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be.The device went through several versions，including one that actually had smoke coming out of it.The investing finally complet
4、ed，test runs were made in Ottawa，and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006 London Book Fair.From here，Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City.The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the movement o
5、f the author in real time.It has several other potential applications.It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province.The video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used.“Its really fun， ” said
6、the owner of a bookstore，who was present for one of the test runs.“Obviously you cant shake hands with the author，but there are chances for a connection that you dont get from a regular book signing.”The response to the invention has not been all favorable.Atwood has received criticism from authors
7、who think shes trying to end book tours.But she said， “It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldnt afford it.”语篇解读 本文介绍了一种特殊的、可以 让作者在很远的城市 为读者远程签字的签字笔 the LongPen，并介绍了这种发明的起因以及发明过程。1What do we know about the invention of the LongPen?AIt has be
8、en completed but not put into use.BThe basement caught fire by accident.CSome versions failed before its test run.DThe designers were well-prepared for the difficulty.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句 “The device went through several versions，including one that actually had smoke coming out of it.”可知， 这个装置 经历了很
9、多次失败，最后才发明成功。故选 C。2What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6?ABookstore owners dont support the LongPen.BCritics think the LongPen is of little use.CAtwood doesnt mean to end book tours.DPublishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句 “But she said，It will be possible to
10、 go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldnt afford it.”可知，她发明这种签字笔可以给以前从来没有去过的地方的读者签字，而不是想结束 book tours。故 选 C。B(2017无锡期中调研)One of my favorite professors in college was a self-confessed(公开承认的) liar.I guess that statement needs a bit of explanation.The topic of Corpo
11、rate Finance/Capital Markets is a very dry and boring subject matter.Dr K was memorable because of something he introduced at the beginning of his first class， “Between today and the class right before finals，I will put a lie into each of my lectures.Your job，as students，among other things， is to tr
12、y and catch the Lie of the Day.”And then began our 10-week course.This was a brilliant way to focus our attentionby asking students to challenge his statements.Early in the quarter，the Lie of the Day was usually obviousimmediately causing raised hands to challenge it.As the quarter went on，the Lie o
13、f the Day became more subtle(不易察觉的)，and many ended up slipping past most students unnoticed until a very alert person stopped the lecture to flag it.Every once in a while，a lecture would end with nobody catching the lie.On those days，Dr K，looking quite pleased with himself，would say， “Ah ha！Each of
14、you has one falsehood in your lecture notes.Discuss among yourselves what it might be，and I will tell you next Monday.”Those lectures forced us to work in study groups so we could approach him with our theories the following week.Brilliant.but what made Dr Ks technique genius was，during the most tec
15、hnically difficult lecture of the entire quarter，there was no lie.At the end of the lecture in which no lie was found，he offered the same challenge to work through the notes.On the following Monday，he heard our theories for what the falsehood might be for almost ten minutes before he finally said， “
16、Do you remember the first lecturehow I said that every lecture has a lie？”Tired from having our best theories shot down，we nodded.“Well，THAT was a lie.My previous lecture was completely on the level.But I am glad you reviewed your notes carefully this weekend.Moving on.”While my knowledge of the Eco
17、nomics of Capital Markets has faded in time，the lessons have stayed with me：“Experts ” can be wrong and say things that sound right，so always evaluate new information and check it against things you already accept as fact.语篇解读 作者上大学时最喜 欢的一位教授通过所谓的“当日假话”来使学生在枯燥乏味的学科上集中注意力，激发他们 的学习兴趣。 虽然作者当时所学的知 识已经所剩
18、无几，但这位教授留下的宝贵财富仍让作者受用无穷。3The Lie of the Day is introduced to Dr Ks class because .Ahe is good at telling a lieBhe wants his students to challenge his authorityChe wants to find out who is absent-mindedDhe tries to arouse his students interest in his boring lecture答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第三段内容和第五段第一句可知，K 博士将“
19、当日假话”引入课堂的原因是为了让学生们在课堂上集中注意力，并且激 发他 们对枯燥乏味的课程的学习兴趣。故选 D。4What do we know about the most technically difficult lecture of the entire quarter?AIt made all the students feel bored but excited.BIt turned out that Dr K told no lie in the lecture.CThe lie in it slipped past with nobody finding it.DStudent
20、s reasoned with Dr K about his theories after class.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第九段第一句可知，结果证明，K 博士在整个学季最难的那堂课上没有说假话。故选 B。5From the last paragraph we can learn that .Awe should be critical to the information provided for usBit is a must that we avoid lies in our daily lifeCstudents can drop some courses because t
21、hey are boringDwe can use creative techniques to make courses lively and interesting答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知， “专家”说的未必正确，所以我们要养成审视新信息的习惯，并且批判地 对待提供给我们的信息。故 选 A。C(2017姜堰、如东、沭阳、前黄中学二模 )A chance meeting between two men who realized they had both been abused in the same Surrey childrens care home has l
22、ed to a campaign that has seen hundreds of former residents claiming they were also victims of physical，emotional and sexual abuse.Music producer Raymond Stevenson，physically abused during his time at the Shirley Oaks home in the 70s，met a childhood friend last year who revealed hed been abused in t
23、he institution.Within a few months，the Shirley Oaks Survivors Association(SOSA) was hundreds strong.The south London production office，from where Stevenson promoted music stars like Jessie J，now looks more like a police incident room.A map on the wall includes details of statements from hundreds of
24、former residents，suggesting physical and emotional abuse was routine at many of the houses on the 72-acre Shirley Oaks site.“We have been in contact with over 300 people and the stories we are getting are just terrible， ” Stevenson says.“Every time we interview someone and hear about what happened t
25、o them，it brings tears to our eyes.Reliving some of the horrors they went through hasnt been easy.”There have been two major police investigations into abuse at childrens homes in South London and three people including a swimming instructor，William Hook，have been condemned for offences relating to
26、Shirley Oaks.Another operation is currently on-going，but SOSA have lost faith in the authorities who they claim have covered up the whole picture of abuse in Shirley Oaks.“We dont trust them and thats why we have decided to do this campaign ourselves， ” Stevenson explains.The Shirley Oaks campaigner
27、s are part of a wider phenomenon“survivor” activism that is changing the balance of power in relation to child abuse.Where once victims were ignored or silenced，now they are coming together，often through the social media，forming support groups and building an increase of noise that the authorities a
28、re forced to acknowledge.A couple of weeks ago，dozens of former Shirley Oaks residents crowded into a Lambeth council meetingthe authority which ran the home until its closure in the mid-1980s.Councillor after councillor spoke of their shame at what had been allowed to happen to children in their ca
29、re.Among the crowd was the award-winning author Alex Wheatle who has written about the abuse he suffered as a child at Shirley Oaks.“We have not come here，to go to war with the council； we have come here to gain your support， ” Wheatle told the meeting.The Shirley Oaks association is doing more than
30、 compiling evidence.It is using music to press its case.A song entitled “Dont Touch ItIts Mine” includes personal testimony(证词) from victims.“I was abused mentally，physically，emotionally and violently， ” the track begins.“Of the original 16 of us,12 have killed themselves.”“Were not going to be told
31、 lies anymore， ” Stevenson explains.“We are not going to leave it in the hands of lawyers，politicians or council officials to tell us what happened to us.We want to discover it ourselves and we know music and dance and poetry are ways that can tell a greater story.”语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了由受害人成立的“SOSA 协会
32、”揭露了在过去的几十年里，英国福利院 Shirley Oaks 中曾有上百名儿童遭到虐待这一骇人听闻的事件。6Why was SOSA set up?ATo show sympathy for the abused children in society.BTo reveal the abuse at a children s care home.CTo find the living victims from a care home.DTo aid those people abused at a young age.答案 B解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知，上百名曾经在福利院里待过的人都声称
33、他们是受害者，并成立了 Shirley Oaks 幸存者协会(SOSA)。 该协会成员通过 采访受害者，以创作音乐的形式来揭示真相。由此推断，SOSA 的成立是 为了揭露福利院虐待儿童的事。故选 B 项。7The crime against children was not known to the public in time，because .Athe police refused to look into itBthe case was ignored for absence of evidenceCthe situation of abuse was not seriousDthe v
34、ictims were forced to keep it secret答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第七段第二句中的“Where once victims were ignored or silenced”可知，这一罪行未被公布于众的原因是受害者被忽 视或受到 压制。故 选 D 项。8From the passage ，we can tell .Athe former local authorities must have neglected their dutyBtwelve of the sixteen children were killed in Shirley OaksCall t
35、he people committing offences in Shirley Oaks have been arrestedDthe former victims depend much on the police for investigation答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段第二句“Councillor after councillor spoke of their shame at what had been allowed to happen to children in their care.”可以推断，当年的管理机构并没有很好地履行他们的职责。故选 A 项。9Camp
36、aigners of SOSA have taken the action of .Acollecting evidence for the policeBcreating music for the campaignCgoing to war with the governmentDturning to lawyers for assistance答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句“It is using music to press its case.A song entitled Dont Touch ItIts Mine includes personal testim
37、ony(证词) from victims.”和最后一段最后一句“We want to discover it ourselves and we know music and dance and poetry are ways that can tell a greater story.”可知，SOSA 的成员采取创作音乐的形式来揭示真相、表达自己。故选 B 项。D(2017苏锡常镇四市一模)Are you a different person when you speak a foreign language？Thats just one of the questions the New Yo
38、rkers writer and native North Carolinian Lauren Collins explores in her autobiography，about her tough efforts to master French after marrying a Frenchman whose nameOliviershe couldnt even pronounce properly.When in French ranges from the humorously personal story to a deeper look at various theories
39、 of language acquisition and linguistics(语言学)The couple met in London “on more or less neutral ground：his continent，my language”But the balance shifted when they moved to Geneva for Oliviers work.The normally voluble Collins found herself at a loss“nearly speechless”The language barrier，and her depe
40、ndence on her husband for simple things like buying the right cut of meat worsened her mixed feelings about “unlovely，but not ridiculous” Geneva.She comments， “Language，as much as land，is a place.To be cut off from it is to be，in a sense ，homeless. ”Her sense of alienation(疏离感) leads to an examinati
41、on of Americas miserable record when it comes to foreign languages.“Linguists call America the graveyard of languages because of its singular ability to take in millions of immigrants and make their native languages die out in a few generations， ” Collins writes.Educated in Wilmington，N.C.，and at Pr
42、inceton，she couldlike the vast majority of Americansonly speak their mother tongue.Eight months after she moved to Switzerland，Collins gives up on the natural acquisition of language and finally attends a French course.As she struggles with grammar and vocabulary，Collins notes smartly that vert (gre
43、en)，verre (glass)，ver (worm)，vers (toward)，and vair (squirrel) compose a quintuple homonym(同形异义) “Although its difficult，French can be tried， ” she says.French is actually considered among the easiest languages for an English speaker to learn，especially compared to Arabic or Mandarin Chinese.Collins
44、，whose notably rich English vocabulary includes glossolalia (nonsense speech) and shibboleth(catchword or slogan)，finds plenty of terrific French words to love.She writes， “English is a trust fund，an unearned inheritance(遗产)，but I ve worked for every bit of French Ive banked.”Unlike Jhumpa Lahiri，wh
45、o became so hooked on Italian and used it to write In Other Words， Collinss goals for learning French were more modest， “I wanted to speak French and to sound like North Carolina.” She also wanted to be able to deal with chimney sweeps and butchers，communicate with her in-laws，and “to touch Olivier
46、in his own language”She admits that she feels different speaking French， “Its austerity(朴素) made me feel more confused.”Readers looking for the romantic spark of classic cross-cultural love stories featuring an outgoing American and a shy Frenchman will find flashes of it here.Among the many cultura
47、l differences the couple argue over are her enthusiastic American habit of applying the verb “love” to express enthusiasm for shoes，strawberries，and husbands alike.But theres far more to Collinss book than fantastic comedy，and those who have weathered linguistic crossings themselves tend to find par
48、ticular resonance(共鸣) in its inquiry into language，identity，and transcultural translation.Arranged by chapters named for verb tenses，When in French works its way from The Past Perfect(Le plus-que-parfait) to The Present(Le Prsent) and The Conditional(Le Conditionnel) Collins ends on a delightful not
49、e with Le Futurfitting for a new mother about to move with her hard-won French husband，French language，and Swiss-born daughter to the French-speaking city of her dreams，Paris.语篇解读 本文是说明文，主要介 绍了 Lauren Collins 的自 传 When in French 的相关内容。10Which of the following statements is TRUE about When in French?AIt describes how most American people learn French.BIt introduces a variety of theories about French learning.CThe author tells her experiences in a serious way.DThe
