1、真题演练(二) 2016江苏Ae-Learning：An Alternative Learning OpportunityDay School ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board(TDSB) are invited to take one or two e-Learning courses on their day school timetable.Students will remain on the roll at their day school.The on-line classroom prov
2、ides an innovative，relevant and interactive learning environment.The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.These on-line courses：are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers；are part of the TDSB students timetable；and ，appear on the students report upon completion.B
3、enefits of e-LearningInclude：access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school；using technology to provide students with current information；and ，assistance to solve timetable conflicts.Is e-Learning for You?Students who are successful in an on-line course are usually：able to pla
4、n，organize time and complete assignments and activities；capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner；and，able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet access.Students need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-t
5、o-face classroom course.语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。多 伦多公立教育局邀请中学生 选修一两门在线课程。文章介绍了在线课程的基本情况、优势 及选课要求。56E-Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that .Athey are given by best TDSB teachersBthey are not on the day school timetableCthey are not included on students reportsDthey are an addition to
6、TDSB courses答案 D解析 细节理解题。由 These on-line courses 下的内容可知 A、B、C 三项表述均不正确；根据Benefits of e-Learning 下的第一条 “access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school”可知，这些在线课 程在 TDSB 课程中可能学不到，它们是对 TDSB 课程的补充。故选 D 项。57What do students need to do before completing e-Learning courses?ATo learn i
7、nformation technology on-line.BTo do their assignments independently.CTo update their mobile devices regularly.DTo talk face to face with their teachers.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据 Is e-Learning for you 下的“Students who are successful in an on-line course are usually.capable of working independently.”可知，学生需要独立完成
8、作业，与 B 项相符。BChimps(黑猩猩 ) will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct(本能) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to
9、share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory，chimps dont naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in t
10、he next cage，he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psyc
11、hologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the ur
12、ges to help，inform and share are not taught， but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarde
13、d.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的) skills，at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello，the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding t
14、he social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that， even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.They actively seek to be part
15、 of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介 绍的是通过实验对 比了黑猩猩与人类在相互帮助的本能方面的巨大不同。黑猩猩除了在某些方面偶尔合作外，在其他方面都是各顾各的，非常自私，而人却从小就知道帮助他人，善于与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性。58What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?AChimps seldom care about others interests.BChimps tend to provide food
16、for their children.CChimps like to take in their neighbors food.DChimps naturally share food with each other.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，黑猩猩很少关心其他的黑猩猩，比如第二段中的例子：随意吃邻居盘子里的食物，根本不关心 邻居是否有东西吃，再结合第二段最后一句“Chimps are truly selfish.”，可知与 A 项说法一致。59Michael Tomasello s tests on young children indicate that they .A
17、have the instinct to help othersBknow how to offer help to adultsCknow the world better than chimpsDtrust adults with their hands full答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others.”可知，人类的孩子有帮助他人的本能。60The passage is
18、mainly about .Athe helping behaviors of young childrenBways to train childrens shared intentionalityCcooperation as a distinctive human natureDthe development of intelligence in children答案 C解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，通过实验，发现黑猩猩没有相互帮助的本能，非常自私，而人类却从小就知道帮助他人，善于与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性。故 C 项为最佳答案。CEl Nio，a Spanish term for
19、 “the Christ child”，was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds
20、that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americas economy grow by 15 billion，partly becaus
21、e of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought(干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse.Though h
22、eavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio，in 1997-98，killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth 36 billion around the globe.But such Nios come with months of warning，and
23、 so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI)，however ，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidenc
24、e that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are
25、 less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors，civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country，the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepar
26、e for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio，reducing their losses needs to be the priority.语篇解读 本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介 绍的是厄尔尼 诺现象名字的由来、影响、危害等相关情况
27、，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现 象的发生做好充分的准备 ，以减少 损失。61What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?AIt is named after a South American fisherman.BIt takes place almost every year all over the world.CIt forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.DIt sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.答案
28、D解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 “El Nio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.”可知，在海洋厄 尔尼诺现 象发生时会有洋流的变化。62What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?AAgricultural harvests
29、 in rich countries fall.BDroughts become more harmful than floods.CRich countries gains are greater than their losses.DPoor countries suffer less from droughts economically.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 “Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.”可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺现象得到的东西要比它们失去的多。63The
30、 data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that .Amore investment should go to risk reductionBgovernments of poor countries need more aidCvictims of El Nio deserve more compensationDrecovery and reconstruction should come first答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句中的“.however ，just 12% of disaster-relief funding
31、 in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance.”可知以往政府对减少风险的投入太少，应该加大投资 以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的 损失。64What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce El Nio and its origin.BTo explain the consequences of El Nio.CTo show ways of fighting against El Nio.DTo urge people to prepare
32、for El Nio.答案 D解析 写作意图题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk.”可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。DNot so long ago，most people didnt know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become.She was just an average high school athlete.There w
33、as every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future.However，one person wanted to change this.Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.Her times were not exactly
34、impressive，but even so，he sensed there was something trying to get out，something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking.He decided to offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions.Their cooperation quickly produced results，and a few years la
35、ter at Jamaicas Olympic trials in early 2008，Shelly-Ann，who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world，beat Jamaicas unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑) “Where did she come from？” asked an astonished sprinting world，before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up
36、 from time to time，only to disappear again without signs.But Shelly-Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder.At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.She
37、 did it again one year on at the World Championships in Berlin，becoming world champion with a time of 10.73the fourth fastest time ever.Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile.She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance.Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has be
38、en anything but smooth and effortless.She grew up in one of Jamaicas toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse，where she lived in a one-room apartment，sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers.Waterhouse，one of the poorest communities in Jamaica，is a really violent and overpo
39、pulated place.Several of Shelly-Anns friends and family were caught up in the killings； one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived.Sometimes her family didnt have enough to eat.She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldnt afford shoes.Her moth
40、er Maxime，one of a family of fourteen，had been an athlete herself as a young girl but，like so many other girls in Waterhouse，had to stop after she had her first baby.Maximes early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up
41、 in Waterhouses roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track，and she was ready to sacrifice everything.It didnt take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse.On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008，all
42、 those long，hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit.The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty，surrounded by criminals and violence，had written a new chapter in the history of sports.But Shelly-Anns victory was far greater than that.The night she won Oly
43、mpic gold in Beijing，the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped.The dark cloud above one of the worlds toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days.“I have so much fire burning for my country， ” Shelly said.She plans to start a found
44、ation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons.She intends to fight to make it a womans as well as a mans world.As Muhammad Ali puts it， “Champions arent made in gyms.Champions are made from something they
45、have deep inside them.A desire，a dream， a vision.” One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。主要 讲述的是牙买加一个短跑名将 Shelly-Ann Fraster-Pryce从平凡走向卓越，从卓越迈向 伟大的历程。在 2008 年北京奥运会上成功 夺金之后，她努力用自己的影响力去改变那个曾经吞噬了无数青少年梦想的贫民窟。65Why did Stephen Francis decide to coac
46、h Shelly-Ann？A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.BHe sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.CShe had big problems maintaining her performance.DShe suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第五句中的 “Stephen Francis.was convinced that he
47、 had seen the beginnings of true greatness.”和第六句中的“he sensed there was something trying to get out.”可知，Stephen Francis 教练感受到了她的巨大潜力。66What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?AShe would become a promising star.BShe badly needed to set higher goals.CHer sprinting
48、 career would not last long.DHer talent for sprinting was known to all.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的 “.sprinting world，before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time，only to disappear again without signs.”可判断出，短跑界认为她的短跑生涯不会持续很长时间。67What made Maxime decide
49、to train her daughter on the track?AHer success and lessons in her career.BHer interest in Shelly-Anns quick profit.CHer wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.DHer early entrance into the sprinting world.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句 “Maximes early.gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouses roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track.”可知，母亲 Maxime 希望女儿摆脱贫困，所以决定让 女儿进
