1、1.Help students know more about attributive clauses. 2.Help students know the attributive clauses introduced by “preposition +which/whom”. 3.Help students know how to use the relative adverbs to begin the attributive clauses.,Learning goal,1. The attributive clause introduced by prep. + which,2.The
2、attributive clause introduced by prep. + whom,Attributive clauses introduced by “preposition +which/whom”.,What is the picture used for? This is a picture from which you can know more about the growing pains in Unit two. Oh, I see. That is wonderful.,Who is he? He is one of the main characters in th
3、e growing pains from whom we can know the personality of themain characters.,Look! Here is a map from which we can know more about China.,What is this? It is a wonderful scenery from which we can know much about the mountains.,Look at this father. He loves his daughter so much. But I dont like the w
4、ay( in which/that/ -) he treats his kid.,关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在 限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人，which 指物；但如 果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：,温馨提示：,III. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,1.Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? 2.Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to? 3.The pencil (which / that) he was
5、 writing with suddenly broke.,3. 介词的选用原则 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。如： This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan.,spend money on sth.为固定搭配,pay money for sth.为固定搭配,2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如： I remember the day on which I joined the League. I remember the days during which I
6、 lived here. I remember the month in which I stayed there.,强调在具体某一天要用介词on,强调在某几天时间内要用介词during,在month前介词要用in,3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 4) 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？,4. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介 词仍放在短语
7、动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如： This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. 这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I am looking.,正,误,The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very
8、healthy.,正,误,5.以the way为先行词的限制性定语从 句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如： The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I dont like the way (that / in which/ -) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。,6. “介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few
9、等代词或者数词。如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。,In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which (=of which some) have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom (=of whom most) are from big cities. 我们
10、班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大 城市。,Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which (=of which three) are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中部是关于农村生活的。,1. The park is a place 2. My mother is the person 3. The money 4. My cousin is a person 5. Football is the sport 6. Family fights are the things 7. My grand
11、parents are the people 8. This is the book,A,Match each sentence with an ending. Write the correct letters in the blanks.,c,d,b,a,e,h,f,g,a.with whom I can discuss my homework. b.with which I wanted to buy a new T-shirt is gone! c.to which I often go. d.from whom I got money to buy my new shoes. e.
12、in which I am always interested. f. with whom I stayed when I was young. g.in which the main character is a musician. h.about which I feel upset.,I know very little about art. Art is something_ _.,B.Look at the following pictures. Complete each sentence using an attribute clause.,(which)I know very
13、little about/about which I know very little.,I bought my favorite dress in this shop. This is the shop_ _ _.,in which I bought my favorite dress /(which) I bought my favorite dress in,I told you about this photo last week. This is the photo_ _ _.,about which I told you last week /(which) I told you
14、about last week,I got the cup from the headmaster. The headmaster is the person_ _ _.,from whom I got the cup /(whom/who/that) I got the cup from,We learnt how to write with btushes from Mr Ma. Mr Ma is the person_ _ _.,from whom we learnt how to write with brushes/(whom/who/that) we learnt how to w
15、rite with brushes from,高考链接,介词加关系代词引导的定语从句,1. The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (江苏2005) A. which; where B. at which; whichC. at which; where D. which; in which,2. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge.
16、（山东2005）A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this,简析： 题1中 the place 在定语从句中作 to be built 的地点状语，此处的 at which 相当于 where; 后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。 题2表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选C。,3. I have many friends, _some are businessmen. (全国2008）A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom,4. I saw a woman running t
17、oward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come. (重庆2009)A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which,We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _we gave some bells and glasses. (湖南2010)A. to wh
18、ich B. to whom C. with whom D. with which,6.I was given three books on cooking, the first _I really enjoyed. (浙江2009) A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 题3、4、5、6考查考生对“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的掌握及其灵活运用情况。,1. Do you like the book _ she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book _ she paid $10?,on which,Use proper
19、 prepositions and relative pronouns to fill in the blanks.,for which,Practice one,3. Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks? 5. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River.,from which,about which,of which,6. The man _ I spoke on th
20、e phone last night is very good at wrestling. 7. This is the book _ I am looking for.,to whom,which,1.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. （08上海） A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom,Practice two,2. The English play _ my students acted at the N
21、ew Years party was a great success. （09全国I） A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,3. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _ five are mine. （09全国IV）A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which,4. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing ti
22、me was 226 days. （08广西）A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which,The attributive clause introduced by when, where and why.,Look ! What day is it today? Why are they getting together again? Today is March, 12th when people get together to plant trees!,Where is it? It is the basketball co
23、urt. It is a place where we can play basketball indoors.,Who is she? She is Mrs. Green and she has asked for a leave for her giving a birth to her kid. That is the reason why she doesnt come to work as usual.,定语从句中关系副词的使用,1.定语从句中关系副词有：when, where, why 2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。 when 作时间状语；whe
24、re 作地点状 语；why 作原因状语。如：,He remember the day when his father died. I went back to the place where I was born and grew up. Please give me the reason why you were late this time.,when 作时间状语，意为 on the day,where 作地点状语，意为in the place,why作原因状语，意为for the reason,3. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定
25、语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。 如： We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.,which在定语从句中作宾语,比较: We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside.,when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 on the days。,We believe the reason that he told us. 比较: The reason why/for which h
26、e was absent yesterday is still unknown.,4.关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。when 相当于“at/in/during+which”where 相当于“in/at/on+which”why 相当于“for + which” 如：,Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum? Please put the letter on the desk where/on which he
27、 can easily find it. This is the reason why/for which he didnt come to the meeting.,Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.,句中when相当于on which,Detailed explanation,where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。如： This is the room where Lu Xun once lived.,句中when相当于in which,Do you know the reason why
28、 she was late? It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.,When why where for which on which in which,Rose: Sorry, I cant go to the cinema with you after school tomorrow. Steve: Thats too bad Rose: I asked my mum. I dont know the reason(1)_ she said I cant go. Steve: Thats OK. My mum als
29、o said no. She told me that school hours are the time (2)_I can see my friends.,why/for which,when/in which,After school it is important to spend time with the family. Rose: My mum often says things like that too. She always wants me to stay home with her and my dad, or to go to visit my grandparent
30、s with her. But the village (3)_they live is very boring! When we visit them, there is nothing for me to do.,where/in which,Steve: I used to think that my grandparents were very boring too, but I dont now. In the past, I just watched TV the days (4)_I visited them. Then I learnt that my grandpa was
31、a good artist when he was young. These days my grandpa often gives me painting lessons. That is the reason (5)_ I like to visit them now.,when/onwhich,why/for which,Rose: Wow, thats really interesting! Steve: Yes. They say that home is the place (6)_ our hearts should be, and I guess thats true I st
32、ill wish we could go to the cinema tomorrow though! Rose: Me too. Oh, its dinner time. I have to go.,where/inwhich,Steve:Bye! See you at school tommorrow. Rose: Bye!,思考,是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?,1.The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me. 2.The book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.,at which
33、,about which,3.The pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen in a museum. 4.Kunming is a beautiful place ( _) flowers are seen all the year round. 5.Yesterday we went to visit the house ( _ ) the great writer used to live.,with which,where/in which,where/in which,6. I will never forgot the day (_
34、) I first met you on the ship. 7. The film (_I fell asleep) was very boring. 结论：只有当 “介词+关系代词”充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。,on which/when,during which,注意：关系副词与关系代词在定语从句中的关系： “介词+关系代词”在从句中作状语相当于一个关系副词。如： 王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。 这个句子有以下三种表达方式：,The factory that/which Mr. Wang works in is a shoe one. The factory
35、 in which Mr. Wang works is a shoe one. The factory where Mr. Wang works is a shoe one.,他将永远记住他入团的那天。 He will forever remember the day that/which he joined the League on. 2. He will forever remember the day on which he joined the League. 3. He will forever remember the day when he joined the League.
36、,考点点拨 考例回顾 1. We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions. (P28)考点 在定语从句中，如果先行词是人，介词后面的关系代词用whom。介词 + whom在定语从句中作状语。,考例1 We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _ we gave some bells and glasses. (湖南2008) to which B. to whom C. with
37、whom D. with which,点拨 句意：我们看到几个当地人朝我们走来，其中一个人来到我们面前，我们给了他一些铃铛和杯子。该句先行词是one of them，定语从句和先行词被谓语came up to us隔开，根据短语give sth. to sb.，此处应用to whom来引导定语从句。,考例2 American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. (上海2010) who B. as C. about which D. with whom 点拨 该句先行词是
38、someone，talk about意为“谈论、谈到”；talk with意为“和谈话”，根据句意，应为talk with someone，故选D。,2. This is the shop in which I bought my favourite dress. (P29) 考点 在定语从句中，如果先行词是物，介词后面的关系代词用which。介词 + which在定语从句中作状语，可表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。,考例1 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered
39、 the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (广东2005)A. in which B. by whichC. which D. that,点拨 句意：很多看过这部电影的人，当回想起人被老虎吃掉的情景时，就不敢去森林了。分析句意可知，“人被老虎吃掉的情景”出现在电影画面里，即in the scenes, 故选A。,考例2 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.(重庆2007)A.
40、with which B. to which C. of which D. for which,点拨 句意：人与动物面部表情的区别在于有意控制的程度。该句先行词是the degree，degree前面的介词一般用to，意为“到程度”，所以此处应选B。,3. The police searched the house where the terrible accident happeded. (P30) 考点 当先行词具有“地点”意义时，可考虑用关系副词where来引导定语从句。where在从句中作地点状语。,考例1 Some pre-school children go to a day ca
41、re center, _ they learn simple games and songs. (2008全国卷I) A. then B. there C. while D. where 点拨 这是一个定语从句，先行词是a day care center，表示地点，故选where。,考例2 The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago. (福建2010) when B. which C. that D. where 点拨 该句先行词是The village，定语从句和先行词被谓语has developed
42、a lot隔开，从句中缺地点状语，故选where。,1. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. (2004上海)A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who,高考链接,2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a ch
43、ild.(NMET2010)A. which B. that C. where D. when,3. The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. (NMET2010)A. until B. that C. when D. where,4. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2008上海春季)A. he explained B. what he explai
44、ned C. how he explained D. why he explained,5. There was _ time_ I hated to go to school. (2005湖北卷)A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when,6. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have got home. (2008上海)A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which,7. R
45、ecently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. (2009上海)A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose,8. American women usually identify their best friend as someone_ they can talk frequently. (2009上海卷) A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom,9. The English play_ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. (2008全国高考I)A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,
