1、Basic wine course,Table of contents 目录,一：definition of wine 二：components of wine 三：types of wine 四：wine making 五：main wine countries 六：main grape varieties 七：wine labels 八：wine list 九：wine service,一：葡萄酒的定义 二：葡萄酒成分 三：葡萄酒种类 四：葡萄酒酿造程序 五：主要葡萄酒产出国 六：主要葡萄品种 七：酒标 八：葡萄酒单 九：葡萄酒服务,Definition of wine 葡萄酒的定义,定义
2、如下：,Ripe & healthy grapes 成熟健康的葡萄 Crush the berries , release the juice and add yeast to the must 压榨浆果，使果汁流出，并把酵母加入其中 Fermentation converts sugar into alcohol 发酵把糖分转化为酒精WINE IS FERMENTED GARPE JUICE 葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁,Components of wine 葡萄酒成分,Components of wine,Flavor compounds 0.1% Color & Tannins(in red
3、 wines) 0.3% Acids 1% Sugar 0.1%dry8%sweet Alcohol 10% table wines20%fortified wines Water 80%-90%Notes : Approximate percentages by weight,葡萄酒成分,含香物质 0.1% 色素和单宁（红葡萄酒） 0.3% 酸 1% 糖份0.1%干8%甜 酒精 餐酒10%加强葡萄酒20% 水份 80%90%注：以上为重量的大约百分比,Types of wine 葡萄酒种类,Types of wine (By wine making process),SPARKLING WI
4、NE:ChampagneCavaOther Sparkling wines STILL WINE: RedwhiteRose FORTIFIED WINE : Port sherry,葡萄酒种类 （按生产工艺分）,起泡酒： 香槟卡瓦其他起泡酒 普通葡萄酒： 红葡萄酒白葡萄酒玫瑰红 加强葡萄酒：波特酒 雪利酒,Types of wine （By service sequence during a meal),Beginning of the meal SUGAR ALCOHOLlow Aperitif：Dry sherry，Champagne lowTbale wine:Red White Ro
5、seDessert wine : Botrytis , Ice wine , Port , Late HarvestDigestive : Liquors Grappahigh End of the meal high,葡萄酒种类 （按用餐时上酒顺序分）,糖份 酒精 低 餐前酒：干雪利酒，香槟酒 低 餐酒：红，白，玫瑰葡萄酒甜酒：贵腐酒，冰酒，波特酒晚收葡萄酒 餐后消化酒：利口酒 果渣酒 高 高用餐结束,Wine making process 葡萄酒酿造程序,Red wine Making Process 红葡萄酒酿制过程,Red grapes are first crushed and de
6、-stemmed ,then placed into a container红葡萄先去梗压榨，然后放入容器 The alcoholic fermentation will start , at the same time maceration is taking place接下来，酒精发酵就开始了，浸渍也在同步进行 During that time the tannins , flavors and coloring substances will dissolve into what is going to become wine(the must)在此期间，单宁，香味及颜色等物质逐渐溶解入
7、即将产生的葡萄酒中,White Wine Making Process 白葡萄酒酿制过程,Whilst red wines are produced with skins and pips , the specificity of white wine making process lies in the absence of maceration 红葡萄酒带皮和籽一起发酵，而白葡萄酒酿制过程的特别之处在于没有浸渍 When making a white wine , the juice is separated from the skins immediately 酿制白葡萄酒时，果汁和果皮
8、是在压榨后马上分离的，酿酒时，只用葡萄汁。,Rose Wine Making Process 玫瑰红葡萄酒酿制过程,If you allow only a few hours of maceration , the wine will pick up color from the skins,so the wine is only slighted tainted , then fermentation occurs normally without contact with the skins. 如果仅有短时间的浸渍，葡萄酒的颜色就不会很深，接下来的发酵过程中液体将不再接触到葡萄皮 Only
9、 Champagne can use the direct blending of white and red wines to produce rose wines 只有香槟可以直接使用白葡萄酒和红葡萄酒的混合来调制玫瑰葡萄酒,Sparkling wine making Process 起泡葡萄酒的酿制过程,During a second fermentation , yeast converts sugar into alcohol and gas(Co2) 在第二次发酵过程中，酵母把糖转化为酒精和气体（二氧化碳） Three methods三种方法 ：secondary fermenta
10、tion in bottle瓶中二次发酵 ： secondary fermentation in a tank桶中二次发酵 ：carbonation二氧化碳法,Main wine countries 主要葡萄酒产出国,新旧世界葡萄酒,New Zealand,South Africa,Chile,Argentina,Australia,Germany,Italy,Spain,France,The USA,Portugal,“旧世界”葡萄酒 主要分布在欧洲。 酒标都有法定产区名称。 有好几百年的酿酒历史。 果香，酸度，及单宁趋向于均衡，能长期保存。,“新世界”葡萄酒 主要集中在南半球。 前标都有葡
11、萄品种注明。 只有一两百年的酿酒历史。 适合于浅龄饮用，口感强劲，果味充足。,Grape Varieties 葡萄品种,Summary 摘要,8000 grape varieties known in the world 世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种 1000 grape varieties used for wine around the world 世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒 200 traditionally used in Italy 意大利大约使用200种葡萄 100 traditionally used inFrance 法国大约使用100种葡萄 50 trad
12、itionally used in Spain 西班牙大概使用50种葡萄 Grape variety ， a major factor in taste of a wine 不同的 葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素,Main Grape Varieties主要葡萄品种,赤霞珠 Cabernet Sauvignon Thick skins and small berries.Lafite,黑皮诺 Pinot Noir Large Berries and tight bunches. Light.,梅洛 Merlot Better than Cabernet in cold weather.
13、Rich. Petrus,设拉子/西拉 Shiraz/Syrah Grange,Cabernet Sauvignon赤霞珠,A classic Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种 Full bodied ， tannic 酒体饱满，单宁丰富 Very complex，long evolution 口味丰富，陈年长 Blackcurrant，violet 黑加仑，紫罗兰,Merlot 梅洛,A classic Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种 Supple and round 口感柔顺，饱满 Black and red cherry 黑色及红色樱桃 Chocolat
14、e 巧克力,Pinot noir 黑皮诺,King of Burgundy 勃艮第之王 Cherry ，raspberry 樱桃，覆盆子 Spice notes 稍带辛辣 Earthy complexities 泥土气息 A silky texture，Little tannins 丝般柔滑，单宁较淡,Shiraz 西拉,From Rhone region，France 来自法国罗纳河谷地区 Rich black and red Berry fruit，plum 丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味 Game and spice complexity 丰富的野味及辛辣味 More intense an
15、d earthy than zinfandel 比增芳德更紧凑，泥土气息更重,Sauvignon Blanc苏 维 翁 白,Riesling雷司令,Chardonnay夏 多 内,Chardonnay 莎当尼,Native to Burgundy 源于法国勃艮第地区 Versatile and complex 复杂多变 Good ageing potential 很好的储藏潜力 Citrus 柑橘味 Tropical fruit 热带水果味,Sauvignon blanc 苏维翁白,Bordeaux，central Loire，new Zealand 波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部，新西兰 Crisp
16、acidity 易碎，偏酸 Dry and aromatic 干性，芬芳 Fruity and grassy 果香浓郁有青草味,Riesling 雷司令,A German variety，grown in alsace，south Australia，Washington state etc 德国葡萄品种，在阿尔萨斯，南澳，华盛顿州都有种植 Versatile（dry，tart wine to Sweet late-harvest wine） 变化多样（可在干酒到晚收型甜酒间变化） Effusive fruit aromas。Apple，citrus，peach 极丰富的水果味，苹果，柑橘，桃
17、子 Lime ，honey，toast 石灰，蜂蜜，土司,Wine labels 酒标,How to read wine label 怎样解读酒标 Usual contents of a label 酒标里包含的内容,Winery 酒庄名 Vintage 年份 Alcohol level 酒精含量 Net volume 净含量 Name of wine 酒名,New world新世界 Grape variety 葡萄品种Old worle 旧世界 Appellation 产地 Classification 等级,智利卡尼帕酒庄. 顶级金奖卡本妮苏维翁红葡萄酒,Brand name 品牌名称,L
18、abel name 产品名称,Grape: Cabernet Sauvignon 葡萄品种:卡本妮苏维翁,Origin : D.O.Colchagua 产地 : 科查瓜山谷,Alcohol & Volume 酒精度&容量,Produce of Chile 生产国家:智利,Vintage 年份,New World label 新世界品牌酒标,DBR LAFITEChateau Lafite Rothschild 拉 菲 古堡 红 葡 萄 酒 A blend of the 3 finest grape varieties from Bordeaux: Cabernet Sauvignon, Mer
19、lot and Cabernet Franc, using the traditional Bordeaux winemaking method. 由波尔多地区三种最好的葡萄混合酿造: 卡本妮苏维翁, 梅洛和卡本妮弗朗克, 并采用了传统的波尔多酿造方法.,Vintage 年份,Brand name 品牌名称,Origin：Pauillac 产地：波亚克,Alcohol & Volume 酒精度&容量,Old World Label 旧世界品牌酒标,Classification : AOC 等级:AOC,酒庄灌装装瓶,Wine lists 酒单,Types of wine list 酒单种类,W
20、ine list by region 根据产区分类 Wine list by alphabetic order 根据字母顺序分类 Wine list by varieties 根据葡萄品种分类 Wine list by intensity of wine 根据葡萄酒的强度分类 Others 其他,Wine service 葡萄酒服务,Wine service 葡萄酒服务,Presentation of the wine list： 介绍酒单 Take the order without hesitation： 确认订单 The client asks for recommendations：
21、客户要求推荐 Recommendations offered： 建议 The client may doubtreinforce 客户也许置疑加强你的推荐,Presentation of the wine 展示葡萄酒 Open the wine bottle： 葡萄酒开瓶 Client tastes the wine： 客人品尝葡萄酒 Wine rejection： 拒绝葡萄酒 Pouring sequence： 斟酒顺序 Glass refill and reorder： 葡萄酒续杯和加酒,Recommendations 客人要求被推荐葡萄酒,Listen pro-actively and
22、gather information 仔细聆听客人的需要，收集信息 Then give him a recommendation according to the dish and his budget. 根据他的菜肴和预算，推荐相应的葡萄酒 Pay attention to the circumstances & season 注意环境和季节的变化 Offer one or two recommendations, no more. Do not read the wine list 只提供一、两个建议，绝对不要照读酒单 Justify your choice briefly with a
23、few words 简短的介绍一下你的推荐,Presentation of the Wine 出示葡萄酒,Show the bottle and label standing on the right hand side of the person who ordered 站在点酒客人的右面，向他展示葡萄酒的瓶身和酒标 Never hold the bottle by the neck 绝对不要握酒瓶的瓶颈 Do not shake the bottle. Be gentle. 不要摇晃酒瓶，拿放轻柔。 Red wine should be served at room temperature
24、 红葡萄酒可以在室温品尝 White, rose and sparkling wines should be served chilled and put in an ice bucket between pouring 白葡萄酒、玫瑰葡萄酒、汽泡酒饮用前都必须冷藏，余下的葡萄酒要连瓶放入冰桶保温,Open the Wine Bottle 葡萄酒开瓶,Always open in the presence of the guest and never hide the label 当着客人的面开启葡萄酒，不要隐藏葡萄酒标 Do not turn your back to your custom
25、er 不要背对你的客人 Cut the foil below the neck with opener. Do not pierce the cork 用酒刀割开瓶封，不要刺穿软木塞 Bend the cork a little bit at the end to avoid making a noise 拔出瓶塞底部时稍微弯曲一点，避免弄出噪音 Present the cork upon successful removal from the bottle. Do not leave the Capsule on the table 顺利开启葡萄酒后，不要把铝膜遗留在桌上,Give the
26、client a taste of the wine 让客人品酒,Ask the guest who made the order to taste the wine 请点酒的那位客人先试酒 Pour approximately one soup spoon worth of wine into the glass of the designated guest倒大约一汤匙的葡萄酒给指定的客人 Ensure approval is given before you go on pouring 点酒客人首肯后才为其他客人们侍酒,Wine Rejections 拒绝,Corkiness: If y
27、ou smell mustiness or damp cardboard, then the wine is corked 被橡木塞污染：如果有霉味或潮板纸的气味，说明酒已被污染 Oxidation: Sometimes the wine can be oxidized, meaning it has been exposed to air过分氧化：葡萄酒和空气过分接触会被氧化,Wine Pouring Sequence 侍酒顺序,From the right hand side, pour the wine for ladies first, clockwise from the host,
28、 then for gentlemen in the same clockwise manner站在客人右边，女士优先，由主人开始顺时针方向，接下来再是男士，同样顺时针方向 The person who tastes the wine should be the last person to be poured a glass 最后才将主人的酒杯加满 Twist the neck a little bit at the end of the pour 侍酒完毕后稍微扭转一下酒瓶,Glass refill and reorder 续杯和加酒,Glass refill：续杯 Glass Refil
29、l and Reorder Glass refill Make sure you refill the glass as often as possible and respond to any request to stop the refill 你必须每次都尽可能的为客人续杯，除非得到停止续杯的指令,Glass refill and reorder 续杯和加酒,Recommend 2 bottle or a new wine加点第二瓶或再订其他新酒Recommend 2 nd bottle or a new wine Always ask the host whether a 2nd bottle of the same wine is required or different type of wine is preferred when there is less than 1/4 bottle of wine left 当少于1/4瓶酒时，应该询问主人是否还需要第二瓶或其他不同款的新酒,Thank you 谢谢,
