1、词语辨析1. interested interesting2. hundred， hundreds of3. before long，long before4. get to，arrive in（at） ，reach5. leave，forget6. hope, wish7. hard , hardly8. after, in9. how long, how often, how soon10. the other, another11. spend, take, cost, pay12. among, between13. beat, win14. agree with, agree on,
2、 agree to15. bring, take, carry,fetch16. each, every17. no one, none18. go on doing, go on to do, go on with19. too much, much too20. lonely, alone21. happen, take place22. in front of, in the front of23. find, find out24. borrow，lend25.at the moment，in a moment，for a moment26. ago， before27. everyo
3、ne, every one28. everyday, every day(另：导学 17 页-20 页，共 27 条)中学阶段许多词和词组容易混淆，现将几个常见的易混词和词组总结如下：1. interested interesting二者均为形容词，interested 表达的是某人对某事或某物是感兴趣的；而 interesting 则指某事或某物本身具有使人感兴趣的特性，在句中既可作定语，也可作表语。I am interested in collecting stamps.我对收集邮票很感兴趣。The story you told me is very interesting.你给我讲的那个
4、故事非常有趣。2.“hundred， hundreds of ”hundreds of 意思是“数以百计的 ”，表示大概的数字；当 hundred 等词与基数词连用时，则不加“s”Millions of trees have been planted in our country this year.今年我们国家种植了数百万棵树。Our school has eight hundred stuents 我们学校有八百名学生。3.“before long，long before ”before long “不久以后” ；而 long before 常用于一般过去时， “很久以前” 。Dinosa
5、urs lived on the earth long before human beings appeard.在人类出现的很久以前恐龙一直生活在地球上。Before long， the news spred to every part of the world.不久以后，这个消息遍布到了世界上的每一个地方。4.“get to，arrive in（at） ，reach” 到达某地reach = get to = arrive in 到达大地方 arrive at 到达小地方reach 后直跟宾语。get 和 arrive 后不可直接跟宾语。5.“leave，forget ”forget 和 l
6、eave 两个词都有 “遗留，丢失”的意思，但用法和具体含义相异. forget 表示“遗留，丢失”时，其后只能跟被遗忘的东西，不能跟地点。相反，leave 表达这种含义时，其后必须跟地点。Father had forgotten his wallet and went back for it.爸爸忘了他的钱包他回去把它取回来了。I left my homework at home，so I cant hand it in. 我把作业忘在家了，因此不能交上来了。6.“hope, wish”hope 与 wish 都表示“希望” ，但涵义和用法不同。hope 句式有两个：（1）hope to d
7、o sth （2）hope that 从句； wish 句式有四个：（1）wish to do sth （2） wish sbto do sth （3）wish sbsth （4） wish that 从句。注意：hope 后接从句多用将来时态；wish后接从句，表示难以实现的愿望，从句谓语用过去时、过去完成时或过去将来时。I hope they can help us我希望他们能帮助我们。Do you wish they could help us？你希望他们能帮助我们吗？7.“hard , hardly”hard 与 hardly 都是副词，但涵义不同。hard 表示“努力地；（雨、雪）猛
8、烈地” ；hardly 是否定副词，意为“几乎不；简直不” 。How was the weather yesterday？It was terrible It rained hardPeople could hardly go out.昨天天气如何呀？天气很糟糕。雨下得很大，人们几乎不能出去。8. after, in这两个介词都可以表示“(时间) 以后”的意思?after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中 ?如:She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的 ?in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后 ,常用于将来时态的句子中?如:She wil
9、l go in three days. 她三天以后要走?9. how long, how often, how soonhow long 指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如 three days, four weeks 等)提问?how often 指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语( 如 once a week 等)提问?如:how soon 指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等) 提问?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来 ?10. the other, another，other, others, th
10、e othersthe other 指两个人或事物中的 “另一个”,表示特指?We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other. 我们站在街这边,他们站在那边。another 着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个。如:She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书.other 为形容词，后需跟名词。Some students are reading, while other students are talking.others 为代词，后不
11、跟名词。Some students are reading, while others are talking.the others 指某范围之内的另一些。11. spend, take, cost, payspend 的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人 ,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语。如:She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书。take 常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?cost 指花费时间
12、，金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态。 如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?pay 主要指主语( 某人)买某物 (或为某事)付多少钱( 给某人 )如:I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金.12. among, betweenbetween 的意思是“在中间,在之间”,一般指在两者之间如:There is a table between two windows. 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但强调在每二者之间among 的意思是“在中间，在之中
13、”,一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中。如:The teacher distributed them among the students. 老师把这些东西分给了学生。13. beat, win这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同。beat 是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队。如:We beat them. 我们打败了他们 ?win 指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛，名次如:We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛( 获得了第一名)?14. agree with, agree on, agree toagree on 表
14、示“就取得一致意见”如:We all agree on (making) an early start. 我们一致同意及早出发?agree with 表示“与意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见，看法的名词或 what 引导的从句。如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见。We agree with what you said just now.我们同意你刚才所说的意见。agree to 后面不能接人 ,只能接 “提议,计划,方案”等词句。如:I agree to the terms proposed.
15、我同意拟议的条件。15. bring, take, carry,fetch这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。bring 作“带来,拿来”解。如:Next time dont forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。take 是 bring 的对语,作“带去 ,拿去”解。如:Take the box away, please. 请把盒子拿走。carry 表示“运载 ,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车，船,也可以用手甚至用头。如:This bus is licensed to carry
16、 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人。fetch 则表示“去拿来”的意思。如:Please fetch me the documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。16. each, every两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同。each 着重个别的情况 ,every 着重全体,有“所有的”的意思。如:She knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有的学生?17. no one, noneno one 指
17、“没有人(只能指人,不能用来指物)”,意思与 nobody 相同,作主语时不必跟 of 连用,如:No one believes him since he is not honest. 没有人相信他,因为他不诚实。No one else but I went. 除我以外 ,谁也没去。none 指“一个也没有( 既可指人,也可指物) ”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单，复数都可以。但在 “主+系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。如:None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难。18
18、. go on doing, go on to do, go on with这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思,其区别如下:go on doing 表示“继续做,一直在做某事( 中间无间断)”;go on to do 表示“接着做某事”,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;go on with 也表示“继续做某事 ”,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去。19. too much, much too二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too 为副词词组,修饰形容词?副词,不可修饰动词。如:It s much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。too much 作“太多 ”讲,有以下三种用法?
19、(1)作名词词组；如:You have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了。(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词；如:Dont drink too much wine. 不要饮太多的酒。(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词；如:She talks too much. 她说话太多。20. lonely, alone二者都可表示“孤独,独自”,alone 指客观存在的“孤独”,而 lonely 更偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞” 。如:I went alone. 我是一个人去的。Mary lived alone, but she didnt feel lonely. 玛丽孤身一人生活 ,但她
20、并不感到孤独?21. happen, take placehappen 有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物，情况的发生。如:Whatever has happened to your arm? Its all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害?take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行?22. in front of, in the front ofin front of 的意思是 “在前面” 。如:There is a tree in front of the h
21、ouse.房子前面有一棵树。in the front of 的意思是“在 前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面。如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板。23. find, find out两者都有“发现”的意思,但语义有差别。find 有偶然发现某物的意味。如:He found a bag on the floor. 他发现地板上有个书包。find out 指“经过,探听,询问”,指调查之后的“发现”或“弄清楚” 。如:Please find out who took my book by mistake.
22、请查清楚谁错拿了我的书。24. borrow，lend(1)二者都有“借”的意思，使用时应注意以谁为中心的问题，borrow 是以“我”为中心， “借进”的意思，常与 from 连用。如：Ive borrowed two books from the library. 我从图书馆借了 2 本书。(2)lend 是以“你 ”为中心，意为 “借出”，常跟介词 to 搭配。如：Can you lend your dictionary to me?能借你的字典给我吗？(3)这二者都可有这样的结构：borrow sb. sth; lend sb. sth.,25.at the moment，in a m
23、oment，for a momentat the moment=right now“此时此刻“,用于现在时。He is out at the moment.此刻他不在家。in a moment = very soon “很快，立即”,一般用于将来时的句子。I will come back in a moment.我一会儿就回来。for a moment “此刻，一会儿”表示时间的延续。Hold on for a moment. 请稍候。26. ago， beforeago 只用于一般过去时，表示从现在算起的一段时间以前。例He died two years ago.他是两年前去世的。befor
24、e 后接“时间点” ，可用于任何时态；它也可放在 “时间段” 后，用于完成时或一般过去时。例I got there before 5 oclock.我五点钟前到达那里。I never saw him before.我以前没见过他。He had done it two days before.他两天前就做过此事。27. everyone, every oneeveryone “每人，人人” ，只指人，后面不跟 of 短语。Is everyone here?every one “每个”，通常指物，后面能跟 of 短语。I have read every one of his books.28. e
25、veryday, every dayeveryday“日常的” 是形容词，如 everyday wear 日常穿着 , everyday work 日常工作every day “每天，天天 ”是副词，如 I drink milk every day. 中考真题单项选择?1. (2008 年安徽) A lot of story books are on sale, but _ good ones.A. any B. some C. few D. many2. (2008 年安徽) Is Mr. Brown driving here?Im not sure. He _ come by train.
26、A. may B. shall C. need D. must3. (2008 年安徽) The music made me think of the _ of a running stream.A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound4. (2008 年广东清远) How nice the MP4 is! How much is it?It _ me 500 yuan.A. spent B. cost C. bought D. paid5. (2008 年上海)After a long journey, the eight pandas from Wolong
27、safely _ in Beijing.A. arrived B. reached C. got D. came6. (2007 年山东济南)Don t forget to _ “Thank you” when someone has helped you.A. speak B. tell C. say D. talk7. (2008 年湖北黄石)Please _ your notebook with you when you come.A. take B. carry C. bring D. hold8. (2008 年福建泉州)Mike, you _ the magazine since
28、last week. Can you return it now?Sure.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. have kept D. lent9. (2008 年安徽) What do you often do _ classes to relax yourself?Listen to music.A. over B. among C. between D. through10. (2008 年安徽)Our team _ the match. Weve got the first place!Well done! Congratulations!A. hit B
29、. beat C. won D. watched11. (2008 年四川攀枝花)There are a lot of colorful flowers on _ sides of the streets.A. each B. both C. either D. all12. (2008 年山东济宁)He seemed to be worried in the waiting room. A bottle of water went from one of his hands to _.A. another B. others C. the other D. the others13. (2008 年湖北孝感)Why does Kate look upset?Perhaps she has made _ mistakes in her homework.A. little B. a little C. few D. a few14. (2008 年山东临沂) _ do you go to the library?I usually go to the library twice a week.A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How many
