1、127 阅读理解（三）【教学目标】让学生熟知选择型阅读理解题型，了解选择型阅读理解命题目的 ，掌握选择型阅读理解答题技巧。【教学重点难点】让学生掌握选择型阅读理解解题技巧和步骤 ，提高做选择型阅读理解题目的能力。【命题目的】这类题注重考查阅读技能，包括理解短文大意、了解具体细节、通过上下文猜测词义、归纳篇章大意，以及推断或理解的态度和意图等。考生不仅要具有准确获得信息的能力，还要具有透过文章表层意思理解文章隐含意义的能力。这样才能抓住中心思想，做出正确的判断。试题涉及掌握语篇主旨，事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力考查。设题通常考虑以下五个方面。1. 直观性问题。直接引用
2、原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。2. 常识性问题。考查学生依据短文信息，并根据自己所具备的一般常识做出判断的题型3. 理解性问题。考查学生对文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事实的细节及意图等的理解程度。4. 推理性问题。这类题需在深刻理解短文后，再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案。5. 概括性问题。要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题思想，标题或目的。【真题例析】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。In England recently three foreign g
3、entlemen came to a bus stop and waited. About five minutes later, the bus they wanted came along. They were just going to get on when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them. People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way. Someone shouted at them. The bus conductor came rushing
4、 down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about. The three foreigners seem all at sea and looked embarrassed. No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at the bus stop is the first person to get on the bus .2Learning the language of
5、 a country isnt enough. If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country. You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impol
6、ite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he doesnt agree. But in many parts of India a shake of the head means agreement. Nodding (点头) your head when you
7、are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably leave you thirsty .In that country, you shake your head to mean “yes” a nod means “no”. At a meal in countries on the Arabic Peninsula, you will find that your glass is repeated refilled as soon as you drink up. If you think that you have had enough,
8、you should take the cup or glasses in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top.In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when you are sitting talking to someone even at an important meeting. Doing this in Thailand, however, could bring about trouble
9、. Also, you should try to avoid touching the head of an adult its just not done in Thailand.( )1. The British people tried to push the three gentlemen out of the way, because the gentlemen _ .A. were foreigners B. didnt have ticketsC. made a loud noise D. didnt line up for the bus ( )2. According to
10、 the article, if you want to have a pleasant journey in a foreign country, you should _.A. learn the language of the country B. understand the manners and customs of the countryC. have enough time and moneyD. make friends with the people there ( )3. In India it is considered impolite _. A. to use th
11、e right hand for passing food at table 3B. to pass food with the left handC. to eat food with your handsD. to help yourself at table ( )4. To cross ones legs at an important meeting in Europe is _.A. a common habit B. an important mannerC. a serious trouble D. a bad manner ( )5. The best title (题目)
12、for this article is _.A. Peoples Everyday LifeB. Mind Your MannersC. Shaking and Nodding Head D. Taking a Bus in England 参考答案:1. D【解析】这是一道句子理解题，也可以看成细节题。在第一自然段的最后，有这样的句子：No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at a bus stop is the first
13、person to get on the bus从此句可知那三位先生并不 知道在英国 乘车的习惯，所以答案是 D。2. B【解析】这是一道细节题。答案在第二自然段的第二个句子。3. B【解析】同第二题一样，此题也是细节题。可在第二自然段直接找到答案。4. A【解析】单句理解题。最后一个自然段中有说：In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when you are sitting talking to someone even at an important meeting这个句子的意思是：在欧洲，开会时翘二郎腿是很常见的。这说明许多人有这样
14、的习惯，所以答案应该是A。5. B【解析】通读全文就会发现，只学习一门外语是不够的，还要多了解该国的风俗习惯，否则就会遇到麻烦，所以答案是 B。【答题技巧】解题步骤：1. 通读全文，了解文章大意。考生只有较快地读懂材料，抓住短文大意，获取关键的信息，才能对阅读问题做出正确的判断。4因此首先通读全文，抓住文章的首尾句及每段的中心句，快速获知文章的主旨大意。2. 审读问题，带着问题找答案。读懂短文内容后再审读题目, 把握每个待判定句子的含义, 通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词, 然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落, 依据短文内容对试题所给出的句子进行正误判断。常见阅读理解的考查方式有以下几种形式：细节理解题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；主旨大意题；标题归纳题；数字计算题。3. 复读文章，检查答案正确性。完成答题后必须将短文重读一遍, 加深对短文的理解, 在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查, 对有些似是而非的句子, 一定要重新认真识别。【板书设计】【教后反思】
