1、“”GBJ 113 87:“”:“”:1 9 8 8 8 1”“1 9 8 7 2 2 9 7”(8 1)5 4 6”“,”,”G B J 1 1 3 8 7“,1 9 8 8 8 1,”1 9 8 7 1 2 1(8 1)5 4 6”“”(1 9 8 4)1 0”“,”,”,”,”,”“,“”,”,”1 9 8 7 1.0.1“”()”“,1.0.2:1.0.3,”,”1.0.4,1.0.5,1.0.6,”2.1.1”,2.1.2,2.1.3”,“,”“(),5 0 m m 2.1.4”2.1.5”:”1 4 0 m m;”1 6 0 m m;”1 8 0 m m;”2 0 0 m m;3
2、0 0 m m,4 0 0 m m 2.1.6,”:C1 3;C8;2.1.7”()”:2 0 m m;3 0 m m;”3 0 m m 2.1.8,“2.1.9“:,”;,1 0 2 5%,”;”,8 m m,1 0 m m,2.1.1 0“,2.1.1 1 2.1.1 2,3 0 m m 2.2.1”,”,2.2.2”“,2.2.3,”,2.2.4”,”,2.2.5,”2.2.6,”,“2.2.7,2.2.8,1 0 m m“,2.3.1”:9 m;”,;”5 0 m m,”;,2.3.2(”)”,2.3.3”,”,2 5 m m 2.3.4”,”,1/5 0 0“”,2.3.5”:“,”
3、2 0 m m,”,H0+2 0 0 m m,”:H“”;“,“;”,“”2.3.6”:“”;,1 6 m m;,;,;,”,“,“9 0,“6 m m,8 0 m m,“8 m m,1 2 0 m m 2.3.7”“2.3.8,”:,;,2.4.1,”,2.4.2”2.4.3,”2 5 0 0 m m 2.4.4 2.4.5“,2.4.6 2 5 0 m m 2.4.7”,”2.3.6“2.4.8“,”2.3.5“2.4.9,4 5,2.4.1 0“,”“,”2.4.1 1”,“,”“,”“3.0.1“,3.0.2,“:;”;“;”3.0.3”“:“,”;1/1 0,1 0 m“,;,“,;
4、,“;,;“,;”3.0.4“:;,;”;”;”,”“,”()4.1.1“:();();”(”);(”)4.1.2“:”;,”;”,”;,”;(”);,4.1.3”:();”(),”;“”(”);”:”4.1.4”4.1.4:N n(4.1.4)P N“”(K N),4.1.3”;P(K N),(“1/2)4.1.5”,”:;,”,;,“4.1.6,2 m,4.1.7”:”(”);()”,;”,”;,4.2.1”,”:9 0 0 1 2 0 0 m m,1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 m m;1 5 0 5 0 0 m m;,“,”“;”1.5 m m,3 0 4;”;4.2.2”:”;,”;
5、”,”4.2.3”:,“5 0 0 7 0 0 m m,2 5 0 m m 2.5 m,;“;,2:”,1/5 O O;4.2.4,4.2.5,”,”:,”,”“,”,”,2 m m;”,5 0 0 m m,2 5 0 m m;,”;,”2 5 m m,4.2.6”,”:”“,”,“,”,;”,;1 0 0 0 m m,;,“5 0 0 8 0 0 m m,1 6 m m,4.2.7”,”4.2.7,4.2.8”:”,1 2 M P a,2 5 5 0 L/m i n;4.2.7(m m)1 2 2 2 0.5 3 m 3 m 5 2 4 0.5 3 3 2 0.5(2/1 0 0 0)L 0
6、.5 0.2 5:L“”,”,”,1 0 m m;”,”,“”1.5 2;”“;”4.2.9”:”,1.5,“1 4 1 9 m m,“1 0 1 4 m m,“6 1 0 m m;”;”,”,“4.2.1 0”,”:1 2 M P a,5 m i n,;,;1.2”,5 m m,3 m m;,”2 m m 4.2.1 1”:,;“3 5 m,“;,“M 1 6,2 0 m m;,3%4.2.1 2,”:,;”,1/1 0 0 0 0;,4.2.1 3“”5.1.1“,:,”,”;,;”,;,”;”;”;”,”,”;”,;,”,”,5.1.2”:”,“0.2 0.5%;1/2;,5.1.3 5
7、.1.3 5.1.3(m m)3 3 3 3 2”5-1”+2 5 5 5 2 5.2.1”:”7 m,1 2 m m,8 m 5.2.2,”:”,”;”,;,”;5.2.3”,:”6 m,“2 3:”6 m,5.3.1,5.3.2 5.3.3,”5.5.4,”,”,”5 0 0 m m 5.3.5,“,“,5.3.6,”,“,”1/4,5.4.1,“,:,“;,”5.4.1 5.4.1(c m)”4 6()5 8 8 1 0:,”,”5.4.2:,;”2 0 0 3 0 0 m m“,(0.3 5 k N/c m2),“;,”;,”;”,”;,”5.4.3“:;,5 0 m m,5.4.4”
8、:”,;,“;,;”,”5.5.1,”,2 0 m m 5.5.2,”1 0 m m,”,”,1 5 m m,”(),1 0 1 5 m m,5.5.2 5.5.2(m m)1 0 3 3 5.6.1,”5.6.2,1.5 h,1 2,“1 2 5.6.3,1.2,”,5.6.4,4 0 m m,2 0 m m 5.6.5,1 0 m m 5.6.6,”“,”:”,;,1 m;,”,;,1%;,3 m“3 0 m m 5.6.7,5.6.8“,”1 0 0 2 0 0 m m 5.6.9,”“”,5.6.1 0“,:;,“,1/2;,;,”5.6.1 1,”“,5.6.1 2 0.2 0.4
9、M P a,“0.3 0 1.0 5 K N/c m 5.6.1 3,:,5.6.1 3 1:V Ta h H-(5.6.1 3 1)V-m/h;H-m;h-”m;a-”,0.0 5 0.1 m T-h;,5.6.1 3 2:V T6.0 P K T5.10+(5.6.1 3 2)V-m/h;P-”K N,T-,0.7 1.0 M P a h,;K-,K 2.0,”.5.7.1”,”,5.7.2”:”,”;”,5 1 0 m m;”,5.7.3,2 0 0 m m;,”;,“,”“5.7.4,”:;,2.5 M P a,5.7.5,”:;,1 5 M P a 5.7.6,7 0%”,5.7.7
10、”,”,5.7.8 6.1.1”,6.1.2,6.1.3”“,:”“,”“;“2.5 m 6.1.4,2 0 m,3 0 0 m m 6.1.5,5 0 1 0 0 m m/h,0.2 0.4 M P a,()6.1.6”,”3 0 m m 6.2.1”,6.2.2,“:;6.2.3”:();”,1 K N/m2;:4 5,3 5 K N/m2,4 5,5 1 2 K N/m2;,;,”,0.5 K N/m2,0.4 0.5;,0.0 5,0.1 5 0.5 6.2.4”,”:”1/8 0 0;”1/5 0 0 6.2.5 6.2.5:T(F A+G s i n+f1 G c o s P+f2
11、 G c o s)K(6.2.5)T-(K N)F-(K N/m2)A-(m2)G-(”)(K N);-();f1-;P-(k N);f2-;K,1.5 2.0 6.2.6”:,;”,2 m m;6.2.7”:”,“,“3 5;”,“1.5 2;3 0 0 m m,1 0 1 0,6.2.8”:“;”6.2.8“;6.2.8(m m)2 5 3 3 3 3“,”,4.2.1 0“6.2.9”:,”“3 0 0 m m;“,;”;,6.2.1 0”,4 5,0.0 5 0.1 M P a;4 5,0.1 0.3 M P a 6.2.1 1”,”:(2 m)3 m m;(2 m)5 m m 7.1
12、.1”7.1.2”7.1.3”:,”,”;,”,;”,”,”7.1.4,6:0 0 9:0 0“7.2.1“7.2.2”7.2.2,”7.2.2(m m)5 1%4 0 1 0 3 0 5 m 5 5 m 0.1%1 0 m 1 0 1 0 m 0.1%,5 0”105+-8(2 m)5 1 5 2 0”“,”,“,”,”,”,”,“”,”,”,”()”:2.5 K N/m2 1.5 K N/m2 1.0 K N/2 1.0 K N/m2”,”()“8 0 c m 2.1,”5.0 6.0 K N/m,”2/5 H 2.1 H“()1.5 3.0 K N/m2()0.2,”“2.0 K N()
13、:W KQ Q 1 gA=+(2 5)W-”(N)A-(m/S2)g-(9.8 m/S2)Q-(N);K-”A,“”,A g 1 2 K 2 3 K,()”,1.1 5,:()()kN95 L KEJ 40 P20+a=(3 1):P“;“,0.7 1.0,0.7,0.8,1.0 E“(k N/c m2);J“(c m4);K“,2.0;L0“,(c m)1 0 S 2 5 m m,“()1.”5 N 1.0 0.5 0.2 5 0.1 2 5 0.1 c m2 2 5 m m;2.“1 5 c m,1 5 c m“;3.1 6 m m,5 0 c m,“;4.,“5 m m;5.”()1.“”,“”,”,”1 0 m m 2.,“;,2 3 c m,”,”,3.“,“()1.5 m i n,“”2.,”1 0 S,2 5 m m,3.,”2 h“,1 h,3(2),2.8 K N/c m2“”,4.,2 0%,()1.(1)”,;(2);(3);(4);(5)2.,“(k N/c m2),(h)“”,6 3.(1)“,(),”;(2),”,”;(3),”():1.”,:,2.,:,3.,:,(),“”“,”“:”:”“:”“”
