1、Asian Development BankCase Report:Development of New County of BeichuanMr. Zheng DegaoChina Academy of Urban Planning and Design 2013. 11. 09Findings, interpretation and conclusions expressed in this document are based on information obtained by the author. ADB or Tongji University do not guarantee
2、the accuracy or completeness of information in this document and cannot be held responsible for any errors, omissions or losses, which emerge from its use.The views expressed in this contribution are those of the contributor and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of Tongji University
3、and the Asian Development Bank or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.Author(s) warrant that the Contribution is original except for such excerpts from copyrighted works (including illustrations, tables, animations and text quotations) as may be included with the permission of t
4、he copyright holder thereof, in which case(s) Author(s) warrants that he/she has obtained written permission to the extent necessary and has indicated the precise source.北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013CONTENTI. Introduction to the Planning of Beichuan New CountyII. Urban Plan Evaluation in the post-
5、earthquake reconstruction periodIII. Master Plan of Reconstruction北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 201301 INTRODUCTION TO THE PLANNING OF BEICHUANNEW COUNTYLOCATION AND OVERVIEW Located in northwestern Sichuan Basin, about 42km away from Mianyang City and 160km to the capital city of Chengdu The county sea
6、t of Beichuan was moved to Yongchang Town from Qushan Town in 2008. 6 towns, 16 townships and 1 ethnic township in the county With a regional GDP of 3.17 billion yuan, 15,835 Yuan per capita in 2012 2012 Industrial Structure 25：42： 33 With total population of 241,000 by the end of 2012, 78,000 ofwhi
7、ch are nonargricultural Source: Master Plan of New Town ofpopulation, accounting for 32.4B%eichuan Qiang Autonomous County (2011-北川总体发展研究 2030) 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013heritage of the new county Construction areas are along the valleys. Focal area of reconstruction: 368 reconstructi
8、on projects with a total investment of 8 billion yuan, accounting to respectively 42.40% and 36.15% of the entire Beichuan County A steady local population before and after the earthquake: with a population of 115,000 in 2007, about 49% of total number of Beichuan; 118,000 in 2009, about 50% of Beic
9、huan Leading Industries before the earthquake: hydropower, building materials and minerals, agricultural products and tourism Leading Industries after the earthquake: agricultural products and commodity, cultural tourism; Local tourism: ruins and site of the old county, conteSmopuorcrea: rMyas tceru
10、PllatnuorfaNle w Town ofBeichuan Qiang Autonomous County (2011-北川总体发展研究 2030) 中reconstructionmodelPlanning Objective of the New Beichuan County安 全safe宜 居livable繁荣 特色prosperous characteristic文明Advanced和谐Harmonious北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013北川总体发展研究Planning of Beichuang New CountyDesignated Functio
11、nPolitical, economic and cultural hub of BeichuanTourist service base in western Sichuan and industrial base for the Mianxi City areaModern cultural city of Qiang ethnic group and ecological garden citySize of CityPlanned area of construction land: 40,000 square kilometers with a population of 35,00
12、0 in the short term and 70,000 square kilometers with a population of 70,000 in thelong termSource: Post-earthquake Reconstructionplan of New Town of Beichuan QiangAutonomous County (2008-2020)中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013naturalscenery ,livable environmentPrinciple 1： compact layoutoptimal utilization of l
13、and：The development land per capita shall not exceed 105 m2 per person (GBJ137- 90: 150m2 per person for ethnic minority regions)convenient transportation：most facilities within walking distance ofresidents;facilitate the utilization of publicfacilities and the improvement of service, as well as the
14、 commercial development in the futureproject timeline management： To reduce development difficulty, follow the cycle of constructionAlternative PlansSource: Post-earthquake Reconstruction plan of New Town of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County (2008-2020)北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013naturalscenery ,li
15、vable environmentPrinciple 2： strip-shaped open space and green belts(ecological corridors and leisure space)Source: Post-earthquake Reconstruction plan of New Town of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County (2008-2020)北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013Principle 3： small-scale streets北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院
16、2013human-orientedPrinciple 4： Balance between work and living spaceOffice buildingsCommercial buildingsIndustrial buildings北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013Cultural transmission, ethnicfeaturesPrinciple 5： continuality of traditions new Qiang StyleSource:Post-earthquake Reconstruction plan of New Town
17、 of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County (2008-2020) Building a New Beichuan, China Architecture and Building Press, 2011Design Technique Style positioningRecreation Original main buildingsAdaptation Aadapted settingModernization Modern Main buildings北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013Cultural transmission,
18、ethnicfeatures后重建时代的北川总体发展研究Source:Post-earthquake Reconstruction plan of New Town of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County (2008-2020) Building a New Beichuan, China Architecture and Building Press, 2011 中国城市规划设计研究院 2011.12low-carbon, energy-efficient, emissionreductionPrinciple 6：green and low-carbon T
19、echnology of rainwater filtration, smart grids, integrated communication networks are used to protect the environment and to avoid repeating construction More than 70% of the roads are equipped with LED lighting; architectures comply with national standard for green buildings, reaching a level of mo
20、dern construction Green pedestrian system北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013Construction imageSource:Building a New Beichuan, China Architectureand Building Press, 2011Source:Building a New Beichuan, China Architectureand Building Press, 2011Source:Building a New Beichuan, ChinaArchitecture and Building
21、Press, 2011Source:Building a New Beichuan, China Architecture and Building Press, 2011后重建时代的北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 2011.122 URBAN PLAN EVALUATION IN THEPOST-EARTHQUAKE RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013Evaluation 1： reflection of contemporary cultural heritage Advanced ideas of planni
22、ng and design Boundless love and powerwhen facing the disasterSource:Building a New Beichuan, China Architecture and Building Press, 2011 Collaboration of domestic masters Architectures of modern Qiang ethnic stylePlan Evaluation 2： a “cool” beautySafe, livable, prosperous,Characteristic, advanced ,
23、harmoniousThe area in the east of the river has been completed (covering an area of 4.59 km2 for 26,000 people), but were left empty or deserted due to a low popularity.reasons：1） small population； 2） slow economy and less competitive industrySource: Master Plan of New Town of Beichuan Qiang Autonom
24、ous County (2011- 2030)北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013（ 1） less favorable land and ecological condition for a large-scope industrialpark Beichuan is located in a national ecological reserve. Limited land in central areatype Area (hectare) ratio（%）Constructionarea 1086 49Restricted construction area47
25、1 21Prohibited construction area504 23waters 141 6合计 2202 100 Unfavorable to the development of a large-scale industrial parkSource: Master Plan of New Town of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County (2011- 2030)北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013(2) External enterprises running under their capacity VS. great d
26、evelopment potentials for local manufacturers 33 park-based enterprises including 24 from Shandong Province, with only16 in operation and the 9 local ones not started yet External enterprises： machinery 8 enterprises， 6 in operation， with arelatively low GDP per unit area of 13,000 yuan/mu Local ent
27、erprises： electronics 5 enterprise， 3 in operation， labor-intensive companies with collaboration160.00140.00120.00100.0080.0060.0040.0020.000.002011 Beichuan Shandong Industrial Park GDP perUnit Area (10,000yuan/mu)Series1机械制造类 电子类 食品药品类 材料类2011 Beichuan Shandong Industrial ParkAverage Employeeswith
28、 big groups like Changhong. Enterprises based on local resources：food and drug 12 enterprises， 4 in operation， laborintensive Enterprises based on local market：200 150100500materials 6 enterprises， 3 in operation， highGDP contribution per unit area机械制造类 电子类 食品药品类 材料类Source: survey on Beichuan by the
29、 author北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013(3) Lack of Job Opportunities Insufficient jobs in the new county 1408 employees in the industrial park in 2011 12 jobs from each business unit on average A lack of employment and its simple types continue to restrict the local job market. Large proportion of out
30、-going Migrant Workers The number of out-going migrant workers in the whole county accounts for 35.7% of the total employment. 77.3% of the employment are out-going workers in the new county seat, with most people working in other cities in Sichuan Province. A necessity to quickly gather popularity
31、by creating more jobs in manufacturing andtourism. Source: survey on Beichuan by the author北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013(4) Low development intensity of lands for residential use maximum plot ratio upon the current height limits of multi-storey constructionsarea（ ha） Plot ratio Building densityBaiy
32、angping 17.13 1.47Hongqi 21.87 1.49 30Phase 1 Wenquan28.42 1.48 31.46Phase 2 Wenquan20.75 1.39 31.46 Calculated by 25%-30% of residential land proportion and 1.5 of its plot ratio, the 10.8 km2 central area could only accommodate a population of 50,000 to 85,000.北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013Low dev
33、elopment intensity, low government revenue,and a small population With a given and fixed sale price, the lower floor area ratio is, the lower transfer price for the government The housing price of Anxian County is 3300-3400yuan/m2 and the land transfer price is 2 million yuan/mu, while the price in
34、Beichuan area falls to about 1 million yuan/mu. Source: survey on Beichuan by the author北川总体发展研究 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013Decreasing Investment The fixed asset investment before the earthquake is close to 50- 70% of GDP, while the percentage increased to 500%, 450% and 150% respectively in 2009, 2010 an
35、d 2011, but an estimated decrease is ongoing in 2012 and the afterwards.北川总体发展研究Source: organized by the author according to statistical data 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013Government Debt The debt of local government increases to 10 billion yuan compared with its revenue of 0.31 billion in 2010 and 0.44 bill
36、ion in 2011. With the completion of local reconstructions, aid/assistance projects will decline and investment will play a smaller role in local economic development. It is possible that Beichuan will experience a, which requires a new engine to sustain its economic growth2004-2011 Government Revenue of Beichuan5 (billion yuan) 4.5 43.532.521.510.502004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011北川总体发展研究 Source: organized by the author according to statistical data 中国城市规划设计研究院 上海分院 2013
