1、初二下 U1 知识精要一、课后词组和短语1. will (aux. v./ n.) He is a person with a strong will.; Cathy is a nice girl, (who is) willing/ ready to help others when and where necessary.; The will-powered teacher made his lessons quite different from others.; I will be there, waiting for you.; Tom is 14 years of age, and
2、 he will be 15 next year.; There will be an interesting and instructive movie on tomorrow.2. robot (n.) Robots will do many a job for human beings in the future. 3. everything/ everybody (pron.) I agree with you about sth., but not everything.; if you want to know everything, you wont learn anything
3、.4. paper (n.) a piece of paper; two pieces of paper; The teacher was grading our papers when we got into his office.; Your paper was highly praised at the annual meeting.5. fewer (adj./ pron.) 6. pollution (n.) air pollution; water pollution; sound pollution7. tree (名词 n.) 1) 树; 乔木; 树状灌木; 2) 世系图; 家
4、谱(family tree 家谱); 3) (树状)木制用品; 木制物8. building (n.) 1) 建筑物; 房屋 The World Trade Center in New York City is one of the worlds tallest buildings. 纽约的世界贸易中心是世界上最高的建筑物之一 .; 2) 建筑; 建筑术; 建筑业9. astronaut; taikonaut; aeronaut; spaceman; 10. rocket (n./ v.)11. space (n./ v.) 1) 空间 The table takes up a lot of
5、space. 这张桌子占去很多地方.; 2) 宇宙; 太空; 外层空间 We witnessed a missile being launched into outer space. 我们目睹一枚导弹向外太空发射. ; There are many planets in space/ universe. ; 3) 场所; 空地; 生活空间; Thats a beautiful space. 这个空间美极了! This house has ten rooms with a floor space of 200 square meters. (这栋房子有十间房间, 楼面面积为二百平方公尺.) 4)
6、 空白; 余地; 篇幅 Youve done a good job, but there is still room (space) for improvement. 5) 间隔; 距离 Keep some space between your car and the truck ahead. 在你的汽车与前面的卡车之间保持一些距离.; 6) 持续时间 He had twelve phone calls in the space of an hour. 他在一小时内接了十二只电话.; make room (space) for sb./ sth.腾位子; 腾空间; The lampposts
7、are spaced (vt.) out ten feet apart. 路灯柱与路灯柱之间相距十英尺. 12. fly (vi./ vt. / n.) (不及物动词 vi.) 1) 飞; 飞行 Several seagulls flew across the sky. 几只海鸥飞过天空.; 2) 驾驶飞机 The pilot has flown for years. 这位飞行员已驾驶飞机多年. ; 3) 乘飞机旅行 Ill fly to London tomorrow. 我明天搭飞机去伦敦. ; 4) (旗帜等)飘扬; 飞舞 The Kings banner was flying above
8、 his tent. 国王的旗帜在他的帐篷上面飘扬. ; 5) 飞跑; 飞奔; (时间)飞逝 He flew out of the room. 他从房间里飞奔出来. ; 6) (门、窗等)突然打开 The door flew open. 门突然打开了. ; 7) 逃跑(from) The criminal is flying from justice. 该罪犯尚在逃. (及物动词 vt.) 1) 驾驶(飞机) He flew a bomber during the war. 战时他驾驶过轰炸机.; 2) 乘(航空公司) 飞机 I always fly United Airlines. 我总是乘
9、坐联合航空公司的飞机.; 3) 空运(乘客等) Food and medicine were flown to the area. 食物和药品被空运到该区 .; They will fly me to New York.; 4) 乘飞机飞越 They were the first two Englishmen to fly the Atlantic. 他们是头两个飞越大西洋的英国人. ; 5) 悬挂(旗); 升( 旗) The ship was flying the British flag. 该船悬挂的是英国旗帜. 6) 逃离; 躲避 They were forced to fly the
10、country. 他们被迫逃离自己的国家. ; 7) 使飞; 放(风筝) Our boys are flying kites. 我们的孩子们在放风筝. (名词 n.) 1) (帐篷的)门帘; 2) (衣服纽扣或拉链等的) 遮布 Your fly is open. 你( 裤子)的拉链没拉上. ; 3) 苍蝇; 蝇类虫害 补充 flight 1)飞翔; 飞行; 2) (飞机的) 班次;( 某班次的) 飞机; 搭机旅行;飞机的航程; He completed the flight in 25 hours and 50 minutes. 他用二十五小时五十分钟飞完了全程.; Could you tel
11、l me what time Flight 212 arrives in New York City? 劳驾,二一二班机什么时候到达纽约市? 3) (飞鸟的)群; (飞机的)队(of) I saw a flight of geese headed south for the winter. 我看到一群野鹅为越冬南飞.; 4) 楼梯(或阶梯)的一段 They live two flights up. 他们住在两段楼梯上面.; 5) (时间的)飞逝; (云等的)快速移动 How I wish I could stop the flight of time! 我多么希望能阻止光阴疾驰!13. moo
12、n (n.) go to the moon by man-made spaceship; pay a visit to the moon, which goes around the sun. ; moonlight 月光; 兼职14. fall (名词 n.) 1) 落下; 跌倒 (from) The fall from his horse broke his arm. 他从马上跌落摔坏了胳膊. ; 2) 降落; 降落量 During the afternoon, there was a sudden heavy fall of snow. 下午突然下起了大雪.; There was a l
13、arge fall of rain here in the south. 降雨量很大. ; 3) 下降; 减少(in) We are expecting a fall in stock prices.我们预料股市价格将要下跌. ; 4) 落差(of) The fall of the river here is three feet. 这里河水落差为三英尺. ; 5) (政府)垮台; (城市、要塞)陷落 The people did not cease to resist even after the fall of the capital. 即使在首都失陷以后人民也没有停止抵抗.; 6) 堕落
14、 The play was about the fall of an honest man.这出戏是关于一个诚实的人堕落的故事. ; 7) (美) 秋天 I may be going back in the fall. 我可能在秋天回去. ; 8) 瀑布 The water fall was a tourist attraction in the country. 瀑布是旅游该国一大景观.(不及物动词 vi.) 1) 落下; 降落 Leaves fall from the trees. 叶子从树上落下. ; 2) 跌落; 跌倒(over/down) She slipped and fell o
15、ver. 他滑了一下跌倒了. fall off a tree/ horse 从树/ 马掉下来; 3) 下降; 减退; 减弱 Production costs fell by 30%. 生产成本下降了百分之三十 . (costs) fall to 30%. (成本) 降到 30%; 4) (书)战死; 阵亡 Many men fell in battle. 许多人在战斗中阵亡. ; 5) 变成; 成为 They first met at university and later fell in love. 他们在大学里初次相遇, 后来相爱. The first time I met her, I
16、 fell in love with her.一见钟情. After a while I fell asleep. 一会儿以后我睡着了.; 6) (政府、政权等)垮台 The Government has fallen again. 政府又垮台了. ; 7) (城市、阵地等) 陷落 The city fell to the enemy. 该城失陷了. 8) (脸色)变阴沉 His face suddenly fell. 他的脸色突然一沉.; 9) (黑夜) 降临; (目光、重音)落在 The accent falls on the first syllable. 重音落在第一个音节上. Dar
17、kness was falling fast. 天很快黑了下来.; Night fell.夜幕降临了.; 10) 下垂 Her hair falls to her shoulders. 她长发披肩. ; 11) (地面) 倾斜; (河、水)流入 The land falls gently to the sea. 地面缓缓地向海边倾斜. ; 12) 被说出(from) Not a word fell from his lips. 他一声不吭 .; 13) 属(于)(into) They fall into different categories. 他们属于不同的类别. 【相关短语】fall a
18、 sacrifice to 成为. 的牺牲品; 成为.的受害者 ; fall aboard 与船碰撞; fall about laughing 忍不住大笑; fall about with laughter 忍不住大笑; fall abreast of/ about 与并列; 并驾齐驱; fall across 遇到; fall all over 极其殷勤; 十崇拜; 感激万分; fall among 偶遇; fall among Philistine 大吃苦头(来自圣经); fall apart 崩溃; 土崩瓦解 ; fall asleep 入睡; 长眠; 懈怠; 静止不动; fall as
19、leep at the switch 玩忽职守; 错过机会; 漫不经心; fall away 背离; 离开; 消失; 消瘦; 倾斜; fall back 后退; 退却 ; fall back on 求助于; 退到; 回头再说; fall back upon 依靠; 退守; fall behind 落在.的后面; 拖欠; fall behind in 在.方面落后; fall below 降到水平之下; fall between two stools 两头落空; fall beyond 属于. 之外; 在 .之外; fall beyond ones cognizance 在某人认识范围外; fa
20、ll block 活动滑车; fall both feet 外于危险境地中而幸免于难; 逢凶化吉; fall by the edge of the sword 被杀死; fall by the way 中途掉队; 中途放弃、退出; fall crops 大秋作物; fall delay 下降延迟; fall down 倒下; 跪拜; fall down on (在 .方面)失败; fall down pass 倒地传球; fall due 到期; 满期; fall flat 达不到预期效果; 完全失败; fall flood 秋汛洪水 ; fall for 爱上 ; 倾心; fall foul
21、 of (船只).相撞; 同.冲突; 同 .发生纠葛; 与.相撞; 与.冲突; fall from grace 失去天恩; 堕落; fall from power 下野; 下台 ; fall goods 秋季物品; fall grain 夏熟谷物; fall guy 被牺牲者; 替罪羔羊; fall head 压头高度; fall ill 生病; fall in (房屋等)坍下; 倒塌; (军) 集合; 同意; (债务等)到期; fall in a dead faint 昏倒; 不省人事; fall in action 阵亡; fall in alongside 跟(正在行进的人) 一起走;
22、fall in battle 阵亡; fall in beside 跟(正在行进的人)一起走; fall in love with 爱上; 喜欢; 迷恋; fall in plant 长不出; 不发芽; fall in step 顺着.的步调走; fall in the blues 情绪低落; 无精打采; 郁郁不乐; fall in with 偶遇; 同意; fall in with ones views 同意某人的看法; fall into 落入; 陷于(混乱; 错误等 ); 注入; 开始; 分成; 属于; fall into a dead faint 昏倒; 不省人事; fall into
23、 a decline 衰弱; 生肺病 开始衰落; 衰弱下去; 体力衰退( 尤指因患肺病而衰弱); fall into a deep/ sound sleep 酣睡; fall into a flutter 心绪不宁; 陷于极度紧张 ; fall into a sleep 睡觉; fall into an ambush 中埋伏; fall into an argument with 与. 发生争论; fall into an error 误入歧途; 犯错误; fall into arrears 拖欠( 房租、工资等); 拖延( 交货等); fall into bad odor 名誉不好; fal
24、l into chime with 与.一致; fall into company with 与. 结伴; fall into contempt 被人看不起; 丢脸; fall into convulsions 发惊厥; fall into debt 负债; fall into despair 陷入绝望; fall into disfavor 失去众望; 不悦; fall into disfavor with 失宠; 失众望; fall into disfavor 失宠; 失众望; fall into disorder 陷入混乱; fall into disrepair 破损失修; 需要修理;
25、 fall into disrepute 名誉变坏; 声名狼藉 ; fall into heresy 陷入旁门左道; fall into hopeless straits 陷入绝境; fall into ill odor 名誉不好; 名誉变坏; fall into in debt 负债; fall into line 排齐; fall into neglect 渐被忽视/ 忽略; fall into oblivion 渐渐被忘却; fall into place 依序排列; 依序出现; fall into rank 加入行列 ; 排队; 整队; fall into talk 攀谈; 搭讪; f
26、all into the habit of 沾染. 的习惯; 养成/ 染上某习惯; fall into the position of 陷于某种地位; fall into the shade 被夺去光彩; 黯然失色 ; fall land feet 外于危险境地中而幸免于难 逢凶化吉; fall leaf (桌上的)活动翻板; fall off 下降; 跌落 ; 减少; 衰退; 离开; fall on 落到; 遭遇; 指向; fall on board of 撞着(别船); 攻击(某人某事); fall on deaf ears 没有被听取; fall on evil days 倒霉; fal
27、l on ones face 脸朝下倒下; fall on ones feet 安然脱险; fall on ones knees 跪下; fall on sleep 就寝; 入睡; 长眠; fall on stony ground 无效; 没有结果(象种子落在石头上一样; 来自圣经); fall opening 秋季开学 ; fall out 争吵; 吵架; 闹翻 ; 结果是; 离队; fall out of 放弃(习惯等); fall out of step 步伐错乱 ; fall out of use 开始不用; 开始不用; 渐废; fall outside 超出; 超越; fall ov
28、er 落在. 之上; 脸朝下跌倒; fall over each other 争夺; 竞争; fall over one another (美)争夺 竞争; 争先恐后; 你争我夺; fall over oneself (因匆忙 ; 动作不灵而)摔倒 ; fall over oneself for 热衷 ; 渴望; fall overturn 秋季对流( 温带湖水秋季垂直对流); fall place 林中空地; fall planting 秋植; fall seeding 秋播; fall short 缺乏; 不足; 达不到( 目标); 不符合; fall short of 不足; 缺乏; 达
29、不到; 不符合; 缺乏; 不足; 达不到(目标); 不符合; fall short of specifications 不合规格; fall short of the standard 不够标准 ; fall sick 生病; fall time 降落时间; 下降时间; fall to 开始; 开始吃; fall to blows 给予打击; fall to doing 着手; 开始攻击; fall to pieces 破碎; fall to ruin 毁灭; 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉; fall to ones share 由某人承担; fall to the ground 落地; 失败; f
30、all to work 有能力从事; 着手; fall together 结合起来; fall together by the ears 扭打起来 ; I fell across Mr. John at F 我在上海外教网偶遇约翰老师. ; fall trapped 陷阱; fall tube 排水管 ; 放出管; fall under 受到(影响等); 被归入; fall upon 开始行动; 进攻; fall upon the ear 被某人听到; 传到某人的耳朵; fall way 升降道; fall with laughter 忍不住大笑; fall within 属于; 该当; 适合
31、; fall within ones cognizance 在某人认识范围内; fall 结尾的短语 ash fall 火山灰下降; 火山灰沉降层; be at a fall 景况很困难; blossom fall 花谢; 花落; break a fall 减弱落势; 减弱下降的力量; cat fall 吊锚索; earth fall 土塌; 土崩; free fall 自由降落; (尤指火箭等的) 惯性运动; head fall 水头降落; ice fall 冰瀑; 冰崩; intense fall 暴雨; land fall 接近陆地; leaf fall 落叶; let fall 放下(
32、吊桥等) 使(帷幕)落下; nod/ nodding to its fall 摇摇欲坠; precipitation rain fall 雨量; price fall 价格下降; ride for a fall 乱骑马; 行动莽撞; short fall 亏空; 缺少; slope of fall 降落斜度 ; stand or fall 好坏; take a fall 被打倒; 被击败; be fall ill 生病; 染疾; the fall of (the) leaf 秋天; fall/ fail an examination 未通过考试; fall within the compete
33、nce of a court 属于法院管辖权限之内; try a fall with 与.较量一番 15. alone (adj./adv.) The old man lived alone.; The old man lived in a lonely house, but he didnt feel lonely.; Leave me alone, and Im sick.; I can do it alone. 我可以独自办理此事.; For years Mary lived alone in New York.玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年.; She watches TV when
34、she is alone. 独自一人时, 她便看电视.; The rent alone is $300. 单房租就三百元 .16. pet (n.) Marry keeps a pet cat. 17. probably(adv.) 大概; 或许; 很可能 He will probably refuse the offer. 他很可能会拒绝这一提议.18. go skating; go swimming; go shopping; go golfing; go hiking; go dancing; (Rule: go doing sth.) 19. suitable (adj.) 适当的;
35、合适的; 适宜的(to/ for) He was just not suitable for the job. 他就是不适合干这份工作. sb. be suitable for sth.某人胜任某事 ; sth be suitable to sb. 某物适合某人 20. dress (n./ v.) (及物动词 vt.) 1) 给.穿衣; 打扮; 替.做衣服 The mother is dressing her baby. 母亲正为婴孩穿衣.; 2) 使穿着 She is dressed in black today. 今天她穿一身黑 . ; 3) 给(伤口)敷药; 包扎 The nurse
36、dressed his wound. 护士替他包扎伤口.; 4) 调制( 色拉); 制作(菜) She dressed the vegetables with butter and salt. 她在蔬菜里面加上黄油和盐. ; 5) 梳理( 头发); 装饰(橱窗等 ) He was dressing the shop window. 他在布置商店橱窗. (不及物动词 vi.) 1) 穿衣; 打扮 The girl dresses fashionably. 那女孩穿着时髦. ; 2) 穿晚礼服 She is dressing for the party. 她在穿礼服准备去参加晚会 . (名词 n.
37、) 1) 女装; 连衣裙 All the pretty women wore their smartest dresses. 所有漂亮的女士都穿着最漂亮的连衫裙 . ; 2) 衣服; (特定的) 服装 Few people wore evening dress. 几乎没有人穿礼服. 21. casually (adv.) He wears casually. 随意地; 无意地; 偶然地; It was a casual wear. 便衣; 便服22. even (形容词 a.) 1) 平的; 平坦的; 平滑的(with) The road wasnt even. 这条路不平.; 2) 一致的;
38、 同样的; 齐的(with) Her teeth were white and even. 她的牙齿洁白而整齐.; 3) 对等的; 均等的; 相等的 The score is now even. 现在得分相等. ; 4) 偶数的 Two, four and six are even numbers.; 5) 均匀的; 平稳的 The car went with an even motion. 汽车行驶平稳.; 6) 恰好的; 整整的 Twelve apples makes an even dozen. 十二个苹果正好一打.; (副词 adv.) 1) (加强语气)甚至; 连 Even Mrs.
39、 Smith could not help laughing. 甚至史密斯太太也忍不住笑了起来.; 2) (用于比较级前)甚至更; 还 This book is even more useful than that. 这本书比那本更加有用.; 3) 实际上; 甚至可以说 He is ready, even eager to go. 他乐意甚至可以说渴望前去 .; 23. write (vt./ vi.) (及物动词 vt.) 1) 写下; 书写 Ive written only one page. 我只写了一页.; 2) 写(书等); 编写(乐曲等 ) He wrote lots of poe
40、ms in his life. 他一生中写了许多诗.; 3)写信给; 写信说 She wrote Ellis that his father was not well. 她写信给埃利斯 , 告诉他他父亲身体欠佳.; 5) 把.描写成; 称. 为; 6) 显露; 使留下印记Craftiness was written on his face. 他脸上露出一副奸诈相. (不及物动词 vi.) 1) 写; 写字 This pen writes well. 这笔写起来很流畅.; 2) 写信(to) She writes to her parents once a week. 她每周给父母写一封信.;
41、3) 写作; 作曲(for) 24. myself 26. interview (n.) (名词 n.)1) 接见; 会见 He asked for an interview with the president. 他要求与校长会晤.; 2) (记者的) 采访; 访谈; 访谈录 ; 3) 面谈; 面试 Dont be late for your interview, or you wont get the job. 面试不要迟到,否则你就得不到工作了.; (及物动词 vt.) 1) 接见; 会见; 访问; 采访 We are now going to interview the Ministe
42、r of Education. 我们现在就去采访教育部长. ; 2) 对.进行面谈; 面试 She has interviewed most of the applicants for the job. 她已和大部分申请这份工作的人面谈过. 27. predict (vi./ vt.) 1) 预言; 预料; 预报 He predicted that an earthquake was imminent.他预言即将发生地震.; No one can predict what will happen in the future.没有人能预言将来会发生什么.; He predicted a good
43、 harvest. 他预言丰收. (不及物动词 vi.) 作预言; 作预料; 作预报28. sound (n.) We heard sounds of laughter from the next room. 我们听到隔壁房间传来的阵阵笑声.; The sounds from the next room woke up the child. 隔壁房间传来的喧闹声把孩子弄醒了.; We camped within sound of the sea. 我们在听得见海涛声的地方露营.; 1) 发声; 响起; 发音 At this moment his footsteps sounded on the
44、 stairs. 这时候传来了他走在楼梯上的脚步声.; 2) 听起来; 听上去 The music sounds very pleasing to the ear. 这音乐听起来十分悦耳.; 3) 被弄响; 被吹奏 The trumpet sounded for battle. 战斗的号角吹响了. 29. come true 实现; Their dreams will come true if they work hard. 30. company (n.) (名词 n.) 1) 公司; 商号 Tom works for a computer company. 汤姆在一家电脑公司上班.; 2)
45、 剧团; 3) 陪伴; 友情; 4) 伴侣; 同伴; 朋友 People are judged by the company they keep. 根据某人结交的朋友便能判断其人了.; 5) 客人 Do you expect company for the weekend? 这个周末你家有客人吗?31. think (v.) come to think of it 细想一下; First think, then speak. 先思而后言.; I dont think 我倒不相信; 靠不住(加在讽语之后); just think 只想想看( 表示惊异); not to be thought of
46、 不能设想; Only think! 你想想看! 试想一下; 真想不到!; Who could have ever thought? 谁会想到 ?; think about/ of 思索; 考虑; 回顾; 想起; 想到(某人/事); think a lot of 喜欢; 尊敬; think aloud 自言自语; think and think 细想; think away 想开了; 想得忘了; think back to 回忆起; think better of 改变看法; (对某人 )有较高的评价; think for 认为; 预料; think highly/ much/ no end/
47、 well of. 评价极高; 重视; 赞美; 器重; 看得起; think little/ nothing of 轻视; 满不在乎; 对.毫不考虑; 毫不踌躇; think long/ for/ after 渴望; 切望; think of 考虑; 设想; 想象; 认为(某事或某人)是; think over仔细考虑一下; think to 认为; think to oneself 心中想; 盘算; 自思自忖; think twice 再三考虑; 踌躇; think up 想出; 想起 ; 捏造; 虚构; 设计出; 发明; think with 和. 意见相同32. strategy (n.
48、) 1) 战略; 战略学 He is an expert in military strategy. 他是军事战略专家. 2)策略; 计谋; 对策(for)/ (to do sth.) The government adopted a strategy of massive deflation. 政府采取了大规模紧缩通货的策略. By careful strategy he managed to push the proposal through. 通过审慎的谋划, 他成功地使该建议获得通过. 33. fiction (名词 n.) 1) (总称)小说 2) 虚构; 捏造; 想象 3) 虚构的
49、事; 谎言; 34. unpleasant (adj.) 1) 使人不愉快的; 不中意的; 讨厌的 The smell was unpleasant.这味道很难闻.; 2) 不客气的 She was rather unpleasant with me.她对我相当不客气. 35. scientist (n.) 科学家; 科技工作者; 自然科学家36. in the future 在将来; 在未来 37. hundreds of (phrase) Hundreds of people were invited to party.; Two hundred of the students were invited to the party. (相同相似原理: One of them/ the students failed in the exam.) 38. already (adv.) When I got there, they had already left. 39. simple (adj.) (形容词 adj.) 1)简单的; 简易的; 简明的 Such a toy is simple to make. 这种玩具做起来很简单.; 2) 单纯的; 朴实的; 天真的 My aunt has a
