1、剖析高考英语单项填空题热点句型 纵观历年来全国及各省市的英语高考试题,不难发现单项填空题的考查内容主要包括以下四方面:词法、句法、语法和情景交际。其中句法侧重考查考生在具体的语言环境中对句型的认知和识别能力,是备考的重点和难点。本文拟结合近三年的高考真题,归纳高考英语单项填空题热点句型的结构特征,并深入分析每种句型的要点,希望对备考师生有所帮助。 一、强调句型:It+is/was+that 【典型考例】 1.(2013天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter_ she mentioned her own plan. A.that B.whe
2、re C.why D.when 2.(2013新课标II卷)It was only after he had read the papers _Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. A.when B.that C.which D.what 【答案与解析】A;B。这两题都考查强调句。题1考查固定句型notuntil的强调句,其句型结构为:It was not untilthat+句子。题2可还原为Mr.Gross realized the task before him was ext
3、remely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers,即可判断强调部分是状语“only after he had read the papers”。 【句型归纳】强调句型基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who(指人)+句子其他部分”,被强调部分可以是除了谓语动词的其他任何成分。同时,强调结构与其他含it的结构非常相似,很容易混淆。区别办法:如去掉It is/wasthat结构后句子仍然成立,则为强调结构。 二、表条件的祈使句型:祈使句+and/or+陈述句 【典型考例】 1.(2013四川卷)Read
4、 this story,_ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. A.or B.and C.but D.so 2.(2013北京卷)Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs_ you could have problems. A.or B.and C.but D.so 【答案与解析】B;A。这两题考查固定句型“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”。题1句意:读这个故事,然后你就会明白并不是所有东西都能用钱买到。此处表顺承关系,故用and。题2句意
5、:在你关闭所有程序之前不要关掉电脑,否则可能出现问题。此处表转折关系,故用or。 【句型归纳】“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”相当于一个条件状语从句,and表顺承关系,而or表转折关系,意为“否则”、“要不然的话”,or还可用or else或otherwise替换。该句型有如下两种变化形式: (1)“祈使句+破折号+陈述句”如: Hurry upperhaps youll catch the train.赶快,也许你会赶上火车的。 (2)“名词词组+and+陈述句”如: 名词词组中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等词。如: A few minutes more,
6、and I could have finished the task.要是多几分钟的话,我就可能完成这个任务了。 三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气句型:主语+谓语动词“(should)+动词原形” 【典型考例】 1.(2013陕西卷)My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. A.should B.might C.could D.would 2.(2013浙江卷)Eye doctors recommend that a ch- ilds first eye exam _ at the age of six months ol
7、d. A.was B.be C.were D.is 【答案与解析】A;B。考查虚拟语气的用法。根据语法规则,suggest和recommend后的宾语从句谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可省略,故分别选A和B。 【句型归纳】在某些动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。常见的这类动词有“一个坚持”(insist);“两个命令”(order,command);“四个建议”(suggest,advise,propose,recommend)“五个要求”(ask,require,demand,request,urge)。 四、条件句中的虚拟语气句型
8、:If+主语+had done(或Had+主语+done),主语+ would/should/might/could have done(对过去的虚拟) 【典型考例】 1.(2013福建卷)Do you think George has passed the driving test? No.If so,he_his car to our college yesterday. A.would drive B.drove C.would have driven D.had driven 2.(2013江苏卷)I should not have laughed if I you were seri
9、ous. A.thought B.would think C.had thought D.have thought 【答案与解析】C;C。考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的用法。题1句意:你认为George通过了驾照考试了吗?没有。如果通过的话,昨天他就会开车来我们大学了。结合语境,主句用would have done。题2根据主句中should not have laughed可知此处是对过去事情的虚拟,因此if从句中谓语用过去完成时。 【句型归纳】条件句中的虚拟语气句型有三个:(1)If+主语+had done,主语+ would/should/might/could have done(表示
10、对过去的虚拟);(2)If+主语+did/were,主语+ would/should/might/could do(表示对现在的虚拟);(3)If+主语+should do/were to do/did,主语+would/should/might/could do(表示对将来的虚拟)。如条件句中有were/had/should这三个词,则可省略if,把这三个词放到句首。 五、it作形式宾语的句型:sb. think/consid- er/believe/make+it+adj./n. +(for sb.) to do/that-从句 【典型考例】 1.(2012陕西卷)No matter wh
11、ere he is,he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. A.him B.this C.that D.it 2.(2012山东卷)The two girls are so alike that strangers find _different to tell one from the other. A.it B.them C.her D.that 【答案与解析】D;A。题1和题2都是考查it作形式宾语的用法。题1中,it代替真正宾语to go for a walk;题2中,it代替真正宾语to tell one from th
12、e other。 【句型归纳】当不定式、动名词或从句充当宾语且宾语后有宾语补足语时,可将宾语后置并用it作形式宾语,it本身无词义。常见句型为: (1)sb.think/consider/believe/make+it +adj./n.+ (for sb.)to do/that-从句 如:I think it useful that we take regular exercise every day. (2)like/enjoy/love/hate/dislike/appreciate/prefer+ it+if/when-从句 如:I hate it when people speak w
13、ith their mouths full of food. 六、状语从句的省略结构:状语从句连接词+n./adj./adv./doing/done /to do,+主句 【典型考例】 1.(2013浙江卷) There are some health problems that,when _ in time,can become bigger ones later on. A.not treated B.not being treated C.not to be treated D.not have been treated 2.(2012安徽卷) When _ for his views
14、about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A.asking B.asked C.having asked D.to be asked 【答案与解析】A;B。题1和题2都是考查状语从句的省略情况,根据状语从句的省略规则,在题1空白处加上some health problems are,则容易确定答案为A;题2空白处加上Philip was,则容易确定答案为B。 【句型归纳】状语从句中的省略有两种情况:(1)如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同时省略从句的主语和be动词。(2)如果从句中有it is/was,并且无意义,则可把它们一起省略。如:If it is necessary,I will buy this dictionary.=If necessary,I will buy this dictionary. 七、主动表被动的句型:主语+be+adj.+to do 【典型考例】 1.(2012辽宁卷) This machine is very easy_. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.第 7 页 共 7 页