1、江苏省 2011 届高考英语书面表达辅导目录：第一部分 高考英语书面表达技巧第二部分 高考英语书面表达体裁内容分类模版第三部分 高考英语书面表达表达方式分类模版第四部分 美国学生分类习作赏析第一部分 高考英语写作技巧（一）掌握技巧：（1）注意篇章结构，合理布局开始部分（opening paragraph）说出文中的要点、核心问题。正文部分（Body paragraphs）围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）对全文的总结和概括。要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。（2）确定主题句主题句是对全文的概
2、括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。写主题句应注意以下几点：归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点提炼出一句具有概括性的话主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。（二）巧用连接词要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词表示罗列增加First, second, third,First, then /next, after that / next, finallyFor one thing for another,On (the) one handon the otherhand,Besides / wha
3、ts more / inaddition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,Especially / In particular,表示时间顺序now, at present, recently,after,afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in thebeginning, to begin with,later,next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that mome
4、nt, assoon as, the moment, form now on, from then on,at the same time,meanwhile,till, notuntil, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解释说明now, inaddition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, infact, actually表示转折关系but, however, while, though, or,otherwise, on the contrar
5、y, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spiteof, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only butalso, as well as, both and, either or, neithernor表示因果关系because, because of, since, nowthat, as, thanks to, due to, therefore, as a result (of), other
6、wise, sothat,suchthat表示条件关系as (so) long as, on conditionthat, if, unless表示让步关系though, although, as, even if,even though, whether or, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever,whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when,whom)表示举例for example, for instance, such as,take for example表示比较
7、be similar to, similarly, the sameas, in contrast, compared with (to)just like, just as,表示目的for this reason, for thispurpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示强调in deed, in fact, surely,certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,表示概括归纳in a word, in short, in brief, onthe who
8、le, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know,as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion（三）掌握常用句型：1. in order to 为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。He worked very hard in order torealize his dream.2. in order that 她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。She worked hard in o
9、rder thateverything would be ready by 6 oclock.3. sothat 他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。They were all so tired that theycould do nothing but yawn.4. suchthat 天气非常冷，以致于街上一个人都没有。It was such a cold day that therewas nobody on the street.5. would rather dothan do 他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。He would rather listen to othersthan t
10、alk himself.6. prefer doing to doing 他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。He prefers making speeches aftercareful preparation.7. prefer to dorather than do 比起女人，男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。Compared with women, men alwaysprefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.8. not onlybut also 在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还
11、获得了博士学位。In just three years, she had notonly finished all the lessons, but also received her doctors degree.9. eitheror 如果考试过关，你可以买一个 MP3 或去云南玩一趟。You could either buy an MP3 or goto Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.10. Neithernor 他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱读书。He is a boring man. He likesneither entert
12、ainment nor reading.11. as well as 他善良又乐于助人。He was kind as well as helpful.12. as well 这个小孩活泼又可爱。The child is active and funny aswell.13. Onethe other 你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色的，另一支是黑色的。Have you seen two pens on thedesk? One is red, the other is black.14. Someothers 每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。Everyone is busy in cl
13、assroom.Some are reading, others are writing.15. make+adj /n 我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。What we do will make the worldmore beautiful.16. notuntil 直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。I didnt know the truth until shetold me what happened.17. as if 他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。He talks a lot as if he knowseverything.18. It is no use (good) doing 假
14、装不懂规则是行不通的。Its no use pretending that youdidnt know the rules.19. find it + adj to do 我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。I find it necessary to take downnotes while listening.20. It is + time since 我已经有两年没见他了。It is two years since I last methim.21. It is + time when 我到电影院时已经八点钟了。It was 8 oclock when I got to thecinema.2
15、2. It is + time before 不久我们就会再见面的。I wont be long before we can meetagain.23. It isthat 我最珍视的是友谊。It is friendship that I valuemost.24. It is + n / adj + that / to do 每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机It is amust that everybody should know how to use computers.第二部分 高考英语书面表达体裁内容分类模版一、图表作文的模板 写作点拨：1 仔细观察图表，认真阅读图表前的提示。了解图表
16、所反映的类容，研究图表所反映出来的规律，用简洁的语言概括图表的内容，2 处理相关数据。对数据的处理不必面面俱到，但要概括出特征，为后文分析原因、揭示规律、发表看法做铺垫。3 用好关联词。注意短文内容的衔接、过渡和前后呼应。常用的词语有：compared with, on the other hand, however, in my opinion 等。4 确定文章结构。此类文章的结构一般为：开头简明扼要，直接切入主题；通过数据说明基本走势；比较数据，揭示显著特征；必要时对今后的走势做出估计；分析出现这种趋势的原因；指出现实生活中存在的问题后，用一两句话呼应短文的主题。As is shown/i
17、ndicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table (graph/picture/pie/chart), _议题 _ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases), significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from_ in _ to _ in _. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without say
18、ing that _.There are at least two good reasons accounting for _. On the one hand, _. On the other hand, _ is due to the fact that _. In addition, _ is responsible for _. Maybe there are some other reasons to show _. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincin
19、g. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.例一：右图是反映城乡教育差别的一幅图，请以 Equal Educational Opportunity for All Children 为题写一篇英语短文。简要说明图片中的内容，然后从社会关注、政府投入等方面提出你的建议。注意：1.字数 150 左右；2.可适当增加细节。Equal Educational Opportunity for All Children_.
20、Equal Educational Opportunity for All ChildrenThe picture shows the wide gap between the city and the countryside in education. As we can see from it, a city boy is sitting on a comfortable chair, reading happily, while a boy from the countryside can only sit on the stone to study, with some farm wo
21、rk to do.The educational inequality has become a serious problem we are faced with at present. Urban schools have good teachers and first-class teaching equipment. By contrast, however, some rural schools are poorly equipped, let alone good teachers.I feel it is our duty to help the children in the
22、poor areas. Its high time that we took some measures to solve this problem. On the one hand, the whole society should pay close attention and call on people to do all they can to help them. On the other hand, the government must maintain the equal supply of educational resources and provide more mon
23、ey for schools in the rural area. In addition, good teachers should be encouraged to teach there. Only in this way can all children enjoy the equal educational opportunities whether they live in the city or in the countryside.例二：以下两幅图是关于学生零花钱的问题。请你用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你的理解。短文必须包括以下内容：1. 图画反映了什么？ 2.你对其原因的分析。 3
24、.你的建议。注意：1、必须包括所有要点，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2、词数 150 左右，开头已给出，不计入总数。3、文中不得提及你所在学校与本人姓名。With the development of our modern society, children have more and more pocket money, which is of public concern._With the development of our modern society, children have more and more pocket money, which is of public concer
25、n. As is seen from the pictures, nearly sixty percent of the students take 50-100yuan or more from their parents every week while forty percent get less than 10yuan. Although four in ten parents refuse to give the money when thinking its not reasonable, half of them seldom refuse their childrens req
26、uest and one in ten cares little about how the money is spent. Therefore, some students with a large amount of pocket money may not know how to use it appropriately. Just as the picture shows, to show off how rich he is, one student treats his classmates to dinner, asking them to order whatever they
27、 like.I think the main reason for this is that children arent taught the skills to manage money. So I have some suggestions to make. First, parents should help kids learn money-management skills such as spending with a plan. Besides, more opportunities should be offered to kids, helping them know ea
28、rning money is hard work. Only in this way will kids treasure the money.(170 words)例三：读柱状图表写调查报告 注意句式变换 Middle school students have some ideas about their future jobs.The most striking contrast is in teaching: 30percent of the girls would like to become teachers while only 5percent of the boys want
29、to do the job. 20 percent of the boys want to do business and another 20 percent want to become lawyers, while girls make up 15percent in these two fields. What boys like to do most is to become managers and the second largest group would like to be scientists. Besides teaching, the second choice fo
30、r girls is to be scientists and managers. The number is not small. Girls also expect to show their abilities in these two fields.例四：我国学生过暑假的方式的变化。请根据这两幅图表， 用英语写一篇 100 词左右的文章。参考词汇：图表 chart 社会调查 social investigation 减少 decreaseFrom the two charts we can see that in the past ten years, students who go
31、traveling and do social investigation have greatly increased while those who stay at home have decreased a lot.There are several reasons for the changes. Firstly, with the development of economy, students can get support from their parents for traveling. Secondly, tourism has greatly developed over
32、ten years. In addition, school has been encouraging students to do social investigation in both cities and villages.From the changes we can predict that more and more students will make their summer vacation colorful and meaningful by going outside instead of staying at home.例五:对学生课余生活进行了调查，结果如下。请根据
33、图表 1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余生活，并针对图 2 中的任何一个数据所反映的情况写出你的看法。词数不少于 60。分析：1.仔细读图，对图表进行说明；2.描述当前情况，用一般现在时2. 由于是说明学生的情况,应用第二人称3. 要点很清楚Sample writing:Chart1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities. The students put the most time93 minutes into thei
34、r homework, next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same amount of time listening to music and working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes each. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework.As is shown on Chart2, only 10% of th
35、e time is taken up with sports activities. I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic.二、阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义 分析并举例使其更充实The good old proverb -（名言或谚语） reminds us that -(释义 ). Indeed, we c
36、an learn many things form it.First of all,-(理由一 ). For example, -(举例说明 ). Secondly,-(理由二 ). Another case is that -(举例说明 ). Furthermore , -(理由三 )In my opinion, -(我的观点 ). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say-A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, youll necessarily be
37、nefit a lot from it.例一：“低碳经济” 是一个具有广泛社会性的经济前沿理念，最早是在 2003 年英国政府发布的能源白皮书我们能源的未来：创建低碳经济正式提出的。低碳经济包括低碳发展、低碳产业、低碳技术和低碳生活等经济形态，是指在不影响经济发展的前提下，通过技术创新和制度创新，降低能源和资源消耗，尽可能最大限度地减少温室气体和污染物的排放，实现减缓气候变化的目标，促进人类的可持续发展。Protection of Environment1. 目前环保还存在着许多问题。2. 为了保护环境 3. 各国政府做了大量的工作。4. 我的看法。One possible versionTh
38、ere are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. the polluted air does great harm to peoples health. The polluted water causes diseases and death. What is more, vegetation had been greatly reduc
39、ed with the rapid growth of modern cities.To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a lot. Legislative steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution. Therefore, governments are playing th
40、e most important role in the environmental protection today.In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to
41、 put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.例二可持续发展已成为全球 共识
42、，如何实行可持续发展是摆在世人面前的重大问题。请就下面表格所提供的内容进行陈述并谈谈你的看法。目前的状况自然资源日趋减少环境问题依然严重人的环保观念淡薄贫富差距越来越大已采取的措施制定了相关的法律法规投入了大量的资金改善环境对民众进行教育加强了国际间的相互合作你的看法 注意：不要逐条翻译，可适当发挥；词数：150 左右；文章的开头部分已给出。参考 词汇：差距 gap； 相关法律 relevant lawsThe idea of sustainable development has been accepted by the world. How to keep sustainable deve
43、lopment is a big problem facing our planet. . The idea of sustainable development has been accepted by the world. How to keep sustainable development is a big problem facing our planet. The present situation is worrying. First, natural resources are becoming less than before. Second, as some people
44、are not aware of the importance of the environmental protection, the problems with it remain extremely serious to some degree. The gap between the rich and the poor has the tendency to become wider and wider.To our great joy, many countries have taken action. On one hand, they have made relevant law
45、s and regulations and put large amounts of money to the environmental protection. On the other hand, popularized educational as well as international cooperation is being carried out.As for myself, I should take the responsibility to devote myself to sustainable development, or our future and the li
46、ves of our children and our grandchildren will be in danger.三、对比观点题型（1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1 有一些人认为2 另一些人认为3 我的看法The topic of -（主题） is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of -（支持 A 的理由一） What is more, -理由二 ). Moreover, -(理由三 ).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-(支持 B 的理由一 ). Secondly (besides),-（理由二） . Thirdly (finally),-(理由三 ).From my point of view, I think -（我的观点） . The reason is that -
