1、,名词的数,不可数名词(U) 一般情况下,不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不与不定冠词a(n)连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Milk is my favourite food. Water is very important to us all. 特殊情况: 1)如果不可数名词表示特指,则必须与定冠词(the)或其它限定词连用。 The milk in the cup was bad.,2) 当不可数名词表示个体时,必须使用单位名词(量词)。 a piece of advice / bread / chalk / news etc. a pair of glasses / shoes /
2、trousers etc. two bottles of ink / milk /wine etc. 3)部分带有形容词修饰语的不可数名词可以用来表示“一种”,“一段”,“一类”等,常与不定冠词a(n)连用。 for a long time take a great interest live a hard life make a fire 下面不可数名词不可与不定冠词连用。,advice weather knowledge homework progress fun news housework information furniture traffic 4)有些名词的用法随意义变化而不同。
3、 coffee(咖啡) a coffee(一杯咖啡) glass (玻璃) a glass (玻璃杯) man (人类) a man (男人) iron (铁) an iron (熨斗)room (空间) a room(房间) work (工作 a work(著作) paper (报纸) a paper(报社)hair (头发) hairs(几根头发),)部分以-s结尾的专有名词指某一事物名称常用做单数。 The United States is made up of 50 states. The United Nations has sent an official there. 但是, T
4、he Olympic Games are held every four years. 2.可数名词: 个体名词 (worker,pen,dog etc.) 集体名词 (family,group,police etc.) 运用原则:适当的冠词C或pl形式。 A horse is a kind of animals. The horse is a kind of animals. Horses run faster than donkeys.,复数名词的构成方式:名词后直接加-s。清辅音后读s;浊辅音和元音后读z. desks dogs apples days以-s , -x, -ch, -sh
5、结尾的名词加-esiz. buses watches boxes classes以“辅音y”结尾的名词,先把y变成i,再加上-es iz. factories countries cities babies以“元音y”结尾的名词,或以y结尾的专有名词直接加-sz. boys days Germans,5)以”辅音字母o”结尾的名词,加-es iz heroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes Heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes. 大多数以o结尾的外来词,缩略词直接加-s. radios photos pianos zoos bamboos 7)以
6、f和fe结尾的名词的复数有三种情况: a)直接加-s. 一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱(safe)。,b) 变f或fe 为-ves. 一个贼人(thief)的妻子(wife)冒着生命(life)危险用半(half)片树叶(leaf)似的小刀(knife)杀死了一只狼(wolf)。 c) handkerchief的复数形式有两种。 handkerchiefs handkerchieves8)以th结尾的名词后直接加-s. 长元音后读z;短元音和辅音后读s mouths paths months9)不规则
7、变化 footfeet tooth- teeth goose-geese childchildren mousemice,单复数同形。sheep deer fish (fishes) 表示“某国人”的名词。 中日友谊是一致(单复数同形) Chinese Japanese Swiss 英法联盟a改e Englishman Frenchman 其它一般加-s Germans Americans 复合名词的复数 boy friend gold watch passer -by sister -in-law man doctor woman singer,s,es,s,s,men doctors,wo
8、men singers,有些名词的复数形式表示特别的意义。 papers(报纸,稿件) works(工厂,作品) times(时代) drinks(饮料) manners(礼貌) 部分物质名词可以用复数表示种类。 silks fruits foods word用做“消息”“通知”不与冠词连用,也不用复数。 Word came that he won the first prize keep ones word have a word/a few words with sb. have words with sb. leave word in a word in other words,备注:有
9、些名词只有复数形式。例如。goods(货物) glasses(眼镜) compasses(圆规)thanks(感谢) clothes(衣服) remains (遗物,遗体) trousers(裤子) cattle(牛)police 警察,守信,与某人说话,与某人吵嘴,留言,简而言之,换句话说,名词的一般用法名词做定语 1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 * He has two pencil-boxes. * There are three banana trees over there. 2.man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致 *We need a man teacher.
10、 *They are all women workers.,3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式 *a sports field *a clothes shop a parents meeting 4. 当数词与单位名词一起做定语时, 单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。 *He is a fourteen-year-old boy. *This is a two-hour plan.,名词做主语时,应注意名词的数,避免主谓不一致。 * Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers. 她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。 *There is a pair of glasses on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜,