1、Unit 5,Theme parks,Period 3 单元语法,单元语法复习,构词法,构词法 精讲精练课件,构词法在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。例如 fantasyland English-speaker blackboard playground reading-room passer-by,常见的合成词由以下几种方式合成：1合成名词policeman，readingroom，blackboard，playground，editorinchief(总编辑) (1)
2、n+n air conditioner 空调 blood pressure 血压 income tax 所得税 credit card 信用卡 (2) adj + n central bank 中央银行 fast food 快餐 solar system 太阳系 remote control 遥控,(3) v-ing +另一词 washing machine 洗衣机 driving license 驾驶执照 (4) 其他方式 by-product 副产品 editor-in-chief 主编2合成形容词easygoing, blueeyed，newlybuilt, lefthanded，bro
3、adleaved，facetoface，twoyearold(1) 过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。 absent-minded 心不在焉的 grey-haired 头发灰白的(2) 动词的ing 或另一词构成 long-suffering 长期受苦的 far-reaching 深远的(影响),3合成动词babysit，frogmarch，overburden，whitewashwater-ski 滑冰 overeat 吃得太多baby-sit 看孩子 4合成副词hereby，wherever，anyhow，meantime，foreverempty-handed 一无所获的5合成代词himse
4、lf，ourselves，nothing6合成介词outside，without，into,二、派生由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。一些英文单词是由某些词加上前后缀而成。这些词成为派生词。例如 agreeagreeable fairunfair correctincorrect nationnational farm-farmer,1) 前缀: (1) dis-: disagree, dislike, disappear (2) in-(il-, im-, ir-): incorrect, impossible, irregular, (3) un-: unhappy, unable,
5、unfit, (4) non-: nonstop, nonverbal (非语言的) (5) re-: rewrite, review,1前缀(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis，il，im，in，ir，mis，non，un等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现disappear消失cover盖uncover揭去覆盖物/discover揭露correct正确的incorrect不正确的proper恰当的improper不恰当的lead带领mislead领错violence暴力nonviolence非暴力反抗；非暴力主义(2)re后与名词、动词、形容词或副词结
6、合，表示“再；又；重新”。rebuild重建react反应；回应rebirth重生；再生reform改革,(3)en后与名词、动词、形容词结合，表示“放进；放上；使变得；使变成”。enable使能够 encamp扎营；野营；露营(4)multi作前缀，表示“有很多”。multicoloured多色的multistorey多层的(5)tele作前缀，表示“远距离的；远的”。telegram电报telephone电话telescope望远镜(6)kilo作前缀，表示“千”。kilogram千克kilometre千米(7)表示其他意义的前缀常用的还有：a(多构成表语形容词)，anti(反对；抵抗)，
7、auto(自动)，co(共同)，inter(互相)，sub(下面的；次，小)等。 alone单独的antigas防毒气的autochart 自动图表cooperate合作international国际的subway地铁,2) 后缀: (1) 构成名词：-er, -ese, -ist, -ian, -ment, -tion, -ness, -th. buyer, Chinese, socialist, musician agreement, collection, illness, truth(2) 构成形容词: -al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less national,
8、 American, careful, exciting, cloudy, useless(3) 构成动词: -fy, -is (z)e: beautify, realize(4) 构成副词: -ly: badly(5) 构成数词: -teen, -ty, -th thirteen, sixty, twelfth,2后缀后缀通常改变词性，构成意思相近的其他词性的词，少数后缀同时会改变词义。(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有：ence，(e)r/or(从事某事的人)，ese(某地人)，ess(雌性)，ful(一的量)，ian(精通的人)，ist(专业人员)，ment(运动；结果)，ness(性质；状态
9、)，tion(动作；过程)等。Japan日本Japanese日本人act表演actress女演员 mouth口mouthful一口music音乐musician音乐家art艺术artist艺术家move运动，移动movement运动happy高兴的happiness高兴important重要的importance重要性translate翻译translation翻译,(2)构成动词的后缀经常用的有：(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，fy(使化)，ize(使成为)。wide宽的widen加宽beauty美beautify美化real真实的realize意识到(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有：al(属于
10、的，具有性质的)，able (有能力的)，(a)n(某国人的)，en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，ern(方向的)，ese(某国人的)，ful(充满的)，(ic)al(与有关，的)，ish(如的)，ive(倾向的)，less(表示否定)，like(像的)，ly(有性质的)，ous(有特性的)，some，y(表示天气)等。nature自然natural自然的reason道理reasonable有道理的gold金子golden金的,east东方eastern东方的child孩子childish孩子气的snow雪snowy下雪的friend朋友friendly友好的care仔细，小心careless粗
11、心的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有：ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。angry生气的angrily生气地to到towards朝，向east东方eastward向东,三、转化一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。单词转化后的意义往往与转化前的意义有密切联系。1名词和动词之间的转化reason (n.) reason (v.)He reasoned that if we started at dawn，we would be there by noon.他推断我们要是黎明出发，中午就能到那儿。2形容词(或副词)转化为名词(或动词)Wel
12、l (adj. & adv.) well (n.) well (v.)The villagers get their water from a well.该村村民吃井水。Tears welled up in her eyes. 她热泪盈眶。,3名词转化为形容词或副词downtown市中心，城镇商业中心(n.)位于闹市区的(adj.)向(在)城镇商业中心区(adv.)4形容词转化为副词hard adj.坚硬的，困难的adv.努力地How hard the students study！这些学生学习多么刻苦呀！5其他词类转化为名词Medicine is a must for the flooded
13、 area.药物是洪水灾区的必需品。,3) 一些词是由改变某些单词的词性而成的。例如 Theme parks charge money for admission. (v. 收费) Theme parks expect to make a profit by the charges for admission. (n. 费用) Visitors can take an active part in experiments in science theme parks. (n.实验) Inventors have to experiment with what they have invente
14、d. (v. 做实验) Her room is clean and tidy. (adj. 干净的) She cleans her room every day. (v. 打扫、清洁),Conversion: (1) vn : (2) nv : (3) adjv: (4) advv:,change the part of speech of a word.,charge (v)charge (n),hand (n)hand (v),clean (adj)clean (v),down (adv)down (v),用所给词的适当形式补全下列句子(1)She her room every day.
15、So her room is and tidy. (clean)(2)Theme parks expect to make a profit by the for admission. So theme parks money for admission. (charge)(3)He was treated .So he is very angry. (fair)(4)At school she formed a close with several other girls. (friend，ship)(5)She is English. So she is an .(English，spea
16、k),cleans,clean,charges,charge,unfairly,friendship,Englishspeaker,1 归纳与比较并背诵-f结尾的名词复数,2.利用合成法，品句填词Many anchored at the port, while parked at the airport. (craft),craft,aircraft,飞行器，飞机,通气道,航线,airspace,航空公司,air conditioning,【链接训练】China will be a _ country in the middle of this century.Ahighdeveloping
17、BhighdevelopedChighlydevelop Dhighlydeveloped【解析】developing country “发展中国家”，developed country “发达国家”；developed 为过去分词作定语，highly 是副词，意为“高速地，快地”，常用来表达一些抽象的含义，而 high 多表示具体的含义。句意为：本世纪中期中国将成为一个高度发达的国家。【答案】D,His composition was written so carelessly that his teacher asked him to _ it.Aunwrite Brewrite Cinw
18、rite Dwriting【解析】rewrite “重写，再写一遍”。一般来说动词前加前缀re为“再，重”的意思，如 retell “复述”；rebuild “重建”。【答案】B,I havent heard from Sam for a long time.Have you seen him _？AlatestBlately ClaterDlatter【解析】考查词义辨析。latest adj.“最新的”；lately adv.“最近”；later adv.“以后”；latter n“后者”。从问句中的现在完成时看出只能用时间副词lately，因为它常用于现在完成时。【答案】B,In spi
19、te of repeated wrongs done to him，he looks _ to people greeting him.Afriendly Blively Cworried Dcold【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：尽管他不断地遭受到冤枉，但他看上去对向他问候的人都很友好。friendly“友好的”，符合句意。lively“活泼的”；worried “焦急的”；cold“冷淡的”，均不合题意。【答案】A,You must put your heart into your studies. Dont be _ in class.Aabsentmind Babsentmindi
20、ngCabsentminded Dabsenceminded【解析】考查“形容词名词ed”构成的合成形容词。如nobleminded“高尚的”；goodtempered“脾气好的”，故选C项，意思是“心不在焉的”。【答案】C,【考点警示】1熟悉并掌握构词法的三种基本形式：转化、合成与派生法。2重点掌握常用的前缀与后缀的基本意义。【过关强练】.用括号中单词的适当形式填空1The soldiers were filled with_ when they heard all the villagers had been killed by the enemy. (angry)2.The succes
21、s of our experiment is a great_ to us all. (satisfy)3They have_ in sending every one of the satellites into space. (success)4The adventurer(冒险者)gave a_ smile to all those who came to greet him. (friend)5You must do the exercises_ . (care),anger,satisfaction,succeeded,friendly,carefully,.单项填空1One of
22、the teachers says that their aim is to help_ students understand that they can play a valuable role within_ society. Adisable；the Bdisabled；/ Cdisabling；the Ddisability；/2When I saw Mum nod_ to me，I calmed down and went on with my acting. Aencouragingly Bamazingly Cincreasingly Daccordingly 3Will it
23、 be_ to you this afternoon，John? It depends. Im afraid Ill watch my favorite athletes in the Olympic Games. Asuitable Bconvenient Caccurate Davailable,4After the long journey to China，the Bushes returned home，_. A. safe but exhausted B. safely but exhausted C. safe and exhausting D. safely and exhau
24、sting5Society is made up of_ people；some are good，others are bad，and still others are in between. Aa variety of Bvarious of Cvary Dvaried6Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained_；people are still looking for other possible solutions.(2012湖北，28) Aunchallenged Brelevant C
25、controversial Dcontradictory,7Be_you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time.(2012山东，33) Areasonable Bconfident Ccreative Dgrateful8“Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it，”Father suggested_ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.(2012湖北，26)
26、 Atentatively Bthoughtlessly Cdefinitely Drudely,9Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind? Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still_. (2011福建, 32) Aavailable Baffordable Cacceptable Dvaluable10An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character；however，they are not always_ . (2011湖北, 24) Apractical Bavoidable Cpermanent DBeneficial,
