1、对达州市2010年中考英语试题的分析暨对2011年中考的展望,第一节 达州市2010年高中阶段教育学校招生统一考试英语学科命题说明,一、指导思想达州市2010年高中阶段学校招生统一考试英语学科的考试命题按照英语课程标准五级的要求,，以达州市教育局中考命题文件和四川省英语学科考试说明相关规定为依据，结合全市规范办学行为后的教学实际，紧扣英语学科教材，选材贴近生活，贴近学生和贴近社会；淡化单纯的语法考点，而将语法考点放在特定的语言环境中，突出英语学科语言的交际功能；注重考查从材料中获取和加工信息的能力，充分体现英语命题服务于语言表达、思想交流、教学实践的新理念，体现试题的评估、选拔和教学导向的功能
2、。,二、命题的原则根据达州市2010年高中阶段教育学校招生统一考试英语学科考试说明，命题坚持以英语课程标准五级要求为根本出发点，以英语“三维目标”为主线，紧扣英语教材，充分挖掘考生潜能，贴近考生生活实际，体现英语学科工具性的特点。,三、命题范围及试卷结构（一）命题范围人教版义务教育课程标准实验教科书英语（Go for it）七年级（上、下），八年级（上、下），九年级全册的教学内容（试题选材不局限于教材）。,（二）试卷结构1、全卷难度比例：易、中、难比例基本控制在7：2：1。 2、试卷结构：根据英语课程标准五级要求和达州市2010年高中阶段教育学校招生统一考试英语学科考试说明，本次命题涵盖了考生
3、的听、说、读、写等语言基本技能以及语法知识和词汇知识的灵活运用能力等几个方面的内容。试卷结构和 分值如下；,试卷分为第卷和第卷，总分100分。第卷为客观试题，共分四个部分（听力，基础知识及运用，阅读理解，口语交际），满分79分；第卷为主观试题，共分三个部分（任务型阅读，短文填空，书面表达），满分21分。,四、命题实施（一）重视基础知识，更侧重语言能力本次命题重视对语言基础知识，如名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、数词、动词不定式、动词ing型以及状语从句、宾语从句、被动语态等内容的考查，同时注重考查学生在具体语言环境中运用英语的能力。例如：单项选择题不仅考查常见知识点的基本用法，而且每道题
4、都提供了丰富的情景，所设语境均为学生日常生活接触到的生活现象，着重考查学生用所学语言来“做事”的能力。如：23、24、29、30。,(A ) 23. Would you like to drink? Yes, I d like a cup of coffee.A. something else B. else something C. anything else D. else anything(B )24. Why not an English club to practice English? A. to join; to speak B. join; speaking C. join;
5、to speak D. to join; speaking,(D) 29. I dont know if Jack . If he , call me, please. A. will come; will comes B. comes; come C. comes; will come D. will come; comes (C )30.I did badly in my English exam. . A. Congratulations B. Thats great C. Im sorry to hear that D. Well done,23考查了复合不定代词的限定语的位置及情境交
6、际语言的选择；24考查了非谓语动词；29考查了宾语从句和状语从句中动词的时态人称形式；30考查了学生在情境中如何恰当地表达对别人的关心、安慰。,（二）注重对综合知识与能力的考查本次命题沿用了近两年来采用的任务型阅读这一题型，同时在考查形式和内容上都有所变化。如：（65）Da Shan, a Canadian, is perhaps Chinas most famous foreigner. He speaks Chinese well. He was born in 1965. He（66）started to learn Chinese when he studied at Toronto
7、University. In order to remember more Chinese words, (67) wrote ,he, them ,often , on, cards ,down , small .,But he would only memorize words he met with while reading, listening or talking in the following two weeks. “Theres no use learning words that dont appear often,”he said. “And the best way t
8、o learn a foreign language is to keep using it and understand the culture behind it, Or youll forget everything quickly.”Da Shan says it is important to get into the language environment. （68）与中国朋友交谈has helped him learn not only the words, but also the country and its people.,根据短文后所给的任务，完成65-69小题:任务
9、1：请将（65）处的句子翻译成汉语。65. 大山，加拿大人，或许是在中国最有名的外国人。任务2：请用适当的词替换（66）处的单词。66. began 任务3：将(67)的单词组合成一个完整的句子。67. he often wrote them down on small cards .任务4：将(68)处的短语译成英语。68. Chatting/Talking with Chinese friends,任务5：请回答下面的问题。69.What does Da Shan think is the best way to learn a foreign language?He thinks tha
10、t the best way to learn a foreign language is to keep using it and understand the culture behind it.分析：65、68着重考查学生的翻译能力；66考查了学生的词汇积累情况；67考查了学生对英语句式的掌握情况；69考查了学生对语篇的理解能力。,（三）紧跟时代脉膊，反映社会热点本次命题注重结合社会热点、焦点问题，引导广大学生关注国家、关注环境、关注人类和世界的命运，具有鲜明的时代性。如：1. 听力第9段材料着重培养学生的低碳生活意识。M: Hi, Joy. Would you like to help
11、 protect the environment?W: I dont know. What can I do ?M: Well, first, you can start by turning off the lights.W: Yes. Thats easy. Whats next ?,M: Second, you can ride a bike. Dont take a bus or a taxi if you dont have to.W: That will save money, too. What else?M: Try to recycle paper.W: Mm, newspa
12、pers, magazines We get a lot of paper at home. Good idea.M: And the last way is using paper or cloth bags instead of plastic ones. W: OK. My parents do most of the shopping. Ill tell them.,2. 阅读理解C帮助学生了解上海世博会，增强民族自信心和自豪感。 Zhao Tao, a student from No.2 Middle School, has just come back from Shanghai.
13、 This morning, he told us something about his pleasant trip .When he talked about the Shanghai World Expo (上海世博会), he was so excited and so proud that he kept telling about it for several hours. The Shanghai World Expo held by China has been on for more than one month .It started on May 1st,and will
14、 end on October 31st,2010. Its main idea is “Better City, Better Life.” About 242 countries and organizations are attending (参加) this expo. Many new products can be seen here,such as we can see the snow in the South Korea Corporate Pavilion(展馆) every day during this hot summer though it seldom snows
15、 in Shanghai. And we can see, hear, touch and smell the 4-D films at the Oil Pavilion. How wonderful all these new products are! China Pavilion is in the center of the expo garden. It is very beautiful. It represents the development of China from ancient time to now . Its a pride of our China! Thous
16、ands of people from all over the world are coming to the expo every day. And many volunteers are working for them. All the tourists are very pleased and they say that the Shanghai World Expo is the greatest one in the world so far.,However, Zhao said, “The expo garden is now so crowded . If you want
17、 to visit it, youd better go there during the summer vacation.” ( A )56. The main idea of the Shanghai World Expo is “ ” A. Better City, Better Life. B. How to Protect the Environment. C. No War in the World. D. No Earthquake. ( C )57. In which pavilion can we see the snow during this hot summer? A.
18、 China Pavilion. B. the Oil Pavilion. C. the South Korea Corporate Pavilion. D. I dont know.,( D )58 . So far, how long has the Shanghai World Expo been on ? A. For 20 days. B. For a month. C. For four weeks. D. For about 50 days. ( C )59. How many countries and organizations are attending the Shang
19、hai World Expo? A. 150. B. Less than 180. C. 242. D. 220( B ) 60.Which of the following is NOT talked about in this passage? A. Zhao Tao is a middle school student. B. Chinas new products are excellent. C. The volunteers are working very hard. D. The expo garden is now very crowded .,3. 单选题（22）关注国家大
20、事，培养学生树立强烈的责任感；这些题都具有鲜明的时代特色。(C ) 22. When we got to Yushu airport , we were told that they more than 500 people from the ruins(废墟) by earthquake. A. has saved B. saved C. had saved D. have saved此外，完形填空B培养学生对未来生活的展望和信心；,（四）关注学生身心健康、学会学习，树立正确的情感态度价值观。 如：1. 完形填空A旨在培养学生健康意识和良好的生活习惯。 It is very 31 for u
21、s to stay in good health. We must have good eating and sleeping habits in life. Eating more fruit and vegetables 32 good for us .We are supposed to 33 at least 8 hours a day and take part in the healthy activities as 34 as possible, for example, climbing mountains, running in the morning or swimming
22、. It is necessary to keep 35 and get on well with the people around us.,(A)31. A. important B. unnecessary C. impossible D. importance(D)32. A. are B. am C. be D. is (C)33. A. asleep B. sleepy C. sleep D. slept(B)34. A. much B. many C. little D. few (C)35. A. happiness B. unhappy C. happy D. happily
23、,2. 阅读理解B结合达州实际，关注学生的心理健康。A recent report from Dazhou Daily says about 18% of Dazhou teenagers can have problems with their minds（内心，精神）. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates.Zhang Qiang,
24、a Junior 2 student from Dazhou, could not understand his teachers in class and was doing badly in his lessons. He was afraid of exams. When he looked at the exam paper, he couldnt think of anything to write.,Another student, a 15-year-old girl called Wu Yan from Guangan often argued with her classma
25、tes even her parents because of some different ideas. She became so annoyed about them that she started to cut her finger with a knife.However, many students who have problems wont go for advice or help. Some think they will look stupid（愚蠢的） if they go to see a doctor. Others dont want to talk about
26、 their secrets. In order to solve the teenagers problems, here is some advice :Talk to your parents or teachers often.Take part in group activities and play sports.Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy or unwell.,(C) 51. It is reported that students in Dazhou can have problems with their minds. A.
27、most B. many C. some D. all the (D)52. From the passage we know teenagers have problems with their minds because of . A. their study B. getting on with other people C. their hobbies D. A and B.,(A) 53. Wu Yan started to cut her finger with a knife because .A. she couldnt get on well with her classma
28、tes and even her parents B. she could not understand her teachers in class C. she was afraid of exams D. she had no money for a new shirt,(B) 54. Why dont the students who have problems want to go for help ?A. Because they think no one will help them. B. Because they dont want to talk about their se
29、crets and they think its stupid to see a doctor.C. Because they think they can solve the problems by themselves. D. Because they think the doctors could do nothing with their problems.,(B) 55. How many pieces of advice are given to the teenagers who have problems in this passage? A. Two. B. Three. C
30、. Four. D. Five.此外，听力第7段材料和书面表达题着重培养学生正确的生活态度和价值观；任务型阅读注重了对外语学习方法的探究；书面表达注重了对学生课外学习方式的探讨。,（五）以学生为本，回归教材。 本试题主要反映课程标准对学生的知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度和价值观等方面的基本要求。杜绝了繁、偏、怪、旧题，加强与社会实际及其学生生活实际的联系。有利于引导老师改进教学方法，教会学生学习。部分试题来源于教材。如：根据短文内容和首字母的提示，把所缺单词填写在短文后面的横线上。（选自教材九年级unit1,P.8。）,Many students often c 70 about schoo
31、l. They might feel they have too m 71 work to do sometimes, or think the rules are too s 72 We must learn how to change these “problems” into “challenges”. Education is an important part of our d 73 . As young adults, it is our d 74 to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with t
32、he h 75 of our teachers.70. complain 71. much 72. strict 73. development 74. duty 75. help,（六）突出语篇、注重能力、强调运用1、突出语篇 全卷阅读材料共8篇，含听力独白1篇，完形填空2篇，传统阅读理解3篇，任务型阅读1篇和短文填空1篇。完形填空题，两篇短文15空，共15分。阅读理解的题型有所创新，主要体现在任务型阅读和短文填空上。这些新题型更加注重在语篇领悟和语篇解析的层面上检测学生的语言运用能力。,2、注重交际 情景对话14个，包括听力9个，单项选择4个，口语运用1个，分值14分。情景对话强调语境的作
33、用，加大对语言运用的测控力度。内容接近学生日常生活，有利于考查学生理解和应用英语的能力。如听力1-16题，单项选择21、23、29、30题，口语运用61-64题等。,3、强调应用 本次书面表达的命题不再用前两年的书信体裁，而是要求学生结合网络的利与弊，以Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet 为题，加以评论。本试题还明确了写作要点，给出了提示性词语，如read news, e-mail, chat, study, play games ，see the pictures or films even the unhealthy ones等，降低了
34、试题难度，对不同层次的考生来说，都有话可说，有感可发，有利于考查学生运用英语的能力。,（七）命题反思整套试卷既注重了基础，又考查了能力，涵盖了学生听、说、读、写各项基本技能。但由于规范办学行为后，学生有组织的复习时间相对较少，根据市教育局要求，今年的试卷在难度比例上进行了调整，由往年的6：3：1调至7：2：1。同时，由于试卷结构、分值和考试时间的限制，对基础知识和基本技能的考查面不广，形式欠多样，可能对老师们在平时教学中就单词、短语和句子的训练造成误导。希望能在今后的中考命题中有所改革。,第二节 如何准备2011的中考,从近几年的中考英语试题来看，题型是基本稳定的，考题内容也基本呈现出不偏不难
35、不怪、比较平和的特点。即便明年中考改革，但大的结构不会有多大变化，充其量是加大对词汇和句型的考查。下面我就结合2010年的中考题型特点，对2011年的中考准备提出一些教学和复习建议：,第一、把握好进度，统筹安排教学时间和复习时间。力争在明年三月底前结束新课，在第一轮分段全面复习基础上，再进行一轮专题复习和考前强化训练。第二、根据学生学情和心理(初三学生的学习心理和中考前的考试心理)，分层要求（好、中、差生的成绩增值空间），以图全面提升。第三、研究历年考题，把握考点，在教学和复习中加强对常考点的训练。第四、掌握我市中考的题型特点，对准题型进行教学和复习准备。,一、听力试题的特点及教学、复习备考策
36、略（一）听力试题的特点1、试题结构。听力题共20分，由两节组成：第一节听五段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、B、C三幅图片中选出最佳选项。5小题，计5分；第二节听5段对话和一则独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,共15小题，计15分。,2、试题内容：第一节的对话内容本身很简单，加上所给图片的提示，应该说一般考生都不会失分。第二节包含5段对话和独白。内容稍显复杂一些。它主要考查考生以下能力：（1）根据所听内容，对说话的背景做出推断；（2）对说话者之间的关系做出推断；（3）对对话中的细节做出推断。听力中的细节推断主要是指对说话的时间、地点、人物
37、、目的、原因、结果或具体数字进行推断。由于在听的过程中，因说话者的语速、语音、语调和连读使这一部分的试题成为难点；,（4）对说话者的主旨、意图进行推断。考查考生的归纳、概括和推演能力；（5）对说话者的观点和态度进行推断。每个说话者总会有说话的意图和要表达的观点。他们有时态度明确，有时态度隐含在说话的字里行间，如说话者使用一些大家所熟悉的句型： must have done, I dont think that, really ? I suggest that等。3、听力录音的发音准确、清晰、语速适中，学生一般不会有语音适应障碍。,（二）听力教学及复习的一般策略：（1）听力的提高不是一日而就的，
38、它需要日积月累的努力。它不能集中训练，必须每天听一点，至少半个小时，要坚持不懈。（2）注意听教材后面的tapescripts 。这几年的听力素材有好几则就来自这里，不过都做了改编，所提问题更是新编的。,（3）精听和泛听相结合。要认真反复地听懂所学课文的录音，熟悉外国人的发音规律，习惯他们的语速，力求弄懂每句话的意思。对有精力和条件的学生还要求泛听英语广播或电视节目，不求全文详细理解，只需听懂只言片语和大概意思，旨在让耳朵习惯外语的发音，练习如何捕捉自己熟悉的单词、词汇的意思。,（4）科学地安排听力练习的时间和密度。听力练习最忌长时间、无效果的信息输入，每次练习的时间安排不宜超出30分钟，这样可
39、以减少疲劳感。做到有时间、心情好就多听点；没时间、心情差则少听点。但在听的过程中一定要注意力集中。越临近中考，听力练习的密度越应加大，次数也应相应增加。,（5）把握听力材料的难度和形式。听力练习和其他的学习形式一样，应遵从易到难、从慢到快的原则。应选相当于中考试题的听力材料，要特别注意对只读一遍的内容的把握，学会如何快速集中精力，提高抗外界干扰的能力。,（6）掌握听力技巧。面对听力考试，一要预览题干，有备而听；二要既集中精力又适度放松，稳定心理。学会在听的过程中放松自己是非常重要的一步。当你放松了自己，即使有时出现听不懂的少数几个句子，也能根据全文大意，得出正确答案。三要大胆猜测，推理判断；四
40、要及时记录，抓住信息；五要指导点拨，训练落实；六要强化口语，大声朗读，背诵经典，培养语感，以说促听。,二、单项选择题的特点及教学、复习备考策略这一题型在整个中考卷中虽然只有10个小题，共10分，但对语法知识的考查基本都体现在这一题型中（不可能覆盖完所有的语法知识点）。（一）它的特点是：1、内容覆盖面广。在众多的英语语法知识中，它力求涵盖初中所学的重点语法知识，考查内容包括时态、语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、情态动词、从句、祈使句、反意问句以及习惯表达法和日常用语等。,2、重点突出，以考查动词和词组为主动词是英语的灵魂。同时，英语中考与平时练习不同，它讲究选项的唯一性。因此，
41、正确理解句子意思和把握词汇的正确用法是解题的关键所在。3、强调并突出语境的作用。对语法和词汇的考查只有在一定的语境下才有生命力。近四年的达州中考题所设语境均为学生日常生活接触到的生活现象，着重考查学生用所学语言来“做事”的能力。,4、着重考查语法知识在实际中的运用。考题可能通过句子、词组或单词，让考生结合特定的语境，灵活地使用所学过的语法和词汇知识，旨在检查考生是否摆脱了中文思维的干扰，能否灵活使用所学知识。,（二）单项选择题的教学、复习备考策略：（1）精选练习材料。目前老师们手中的中考复习材料很多，选用一套适合自己学生的材料是成功的关键。一是要把握复习资料中的历届中考常考点；二是要从不同的角
42、度帮助学生分析什么是对的，什么是错的，并从中找出其规律。认清某个选项之所以错，错在何方。认真研究语法点之间的微妙关系，弄清词汇之间的细小差别。同一类试题要做到举一反三。,（2）注意语境和语法及词汇的结合，排除母语的干扰。有时单项选择之所以出现失误，完全是因为对所设置的语境不了解，或翻译错误，或对外国人的说话习惯了解不够所致。所以在中考复习中，要帮助学生分类、分块整理、记忆所学的西方文化、习俗知识。同时要特别注意英语中常见单词和词组的使用，弄清中英文表达方式和习惯的不同。,（3）建立自己的错误题题库，避免不必要的错误重复。要指导学生用不同的符号标示自己所做试卷上的难题、错题，可以将所做试卷装订成
43、册，就在试卷上记忆，也可以将难题、错题誊写到笔记本上记忆。要记住、记牢重要的语法知识，尽量避免重复犯错。,（4）重视归纳总结，化繁为简，变难为易。每个考生都要根据自己的特点和需要，将众多的语法、句型加以总结、归纳，用一些便于记忆的方法，帮助学生记忆，如：将语法知识变为方便记忆的句子，真正弄清楚这些句子的中文含义： Do you mind doing me a favor ?/ I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 以上画线部分就是要记住的语法点。这些直观的方法，在帮助记忆知识方面，效果十分明显。,三、完形填空题的特点及教学、复习备考策略这一题
44、型往往是学生最头疼的题型。整道题15分，它旨在测试学生综合运用英语的能力。通过对大致相当于初中教材难度的两则短文抽去15个单词或词组，要求先通读全文，从全篇文章的意思考虑，力求理解和掌握其大意，并能综合地利用所学的各方面知识，选出最佳选项填入空白处，使短文的意思和结构恢复原貌。,（一）其特点为：1、需正确把握上下文的关系。完形填空的每一个正确选项都是与短文的意思紧密结合的。如脱离了短文的意思，可能正确的选项有多个，但在一定的上下文的框架内就决定了答案的唯一性和最佳性。其中的错误选项也是经过周密设计的，从不同的角度、不同的层次对正确选项进行干扰。,2、注重词汇意义及用法，一般来说不考语法（但今年
45、也出现了32、34小题涉及语法）。只关注词汇的正确使用和对篇章意思的正确理解。每一题选项的词性一般属于同一词类，时态、语态也相同，长短相宜，注意对称，彼此间也不会出现相互包容的情况，以避免对正确答案的明显暗示。,3、从逻辑推理、生活常识等角度设置选项。利用正常的逻辑推理和生活常识，综合地考虑各个选项是这一题型的一大特点。要求考生熟悉西方人的思维特点和了解西方文化、习俗以及英美人遣词造句的特点。在阅读的过程中要求弄清时间和空间的顺序，掌握作者的心理活动，观点、态度和意图。,4、突出英语惯用法和词汇的搭配。英语惯用法和固定搭配的使用在这一题型中显得尤为突出，它要求考生能比较自如地应用日常学习中所见到的惯用法和词汇搭配，并根据具体语境，结合自己对这些惯用法和词的搭配的理解，顺应文义，正确地使用它们。,（二）完形填空题的教学、复习备考策略该题型主要考查学生对英语实词的应用能力。要求考生在特定的语境中，能灵活地，通过合理的逻辑推理对英语词汇、惯用法、固定搭配进行合乎逻辑的应用。对考生综合应用所学语言的能力提出了较高的要求。要完成这一要求，应注意以下几个方面的练习：,
