1、,第十一章 租船订舱和装船,一、海上运输业务,二、租船订舱的货运代理人,三、租船订舱的一般程序,四、委托中国外运租船订舱的简要程序,五、相关单据式样,海上运输业务,期租,班轮，又称定期船或邮船，是按预定 的航行时间表，沿固定的航线，从事各基 本港口间货物运输的船舶。 特点： 1.航线、港口、船期、运价比较固定 2.同一航线上的船型相似并保持一定的航班密度 3.运价内已包括装卸费用 4.承托双方的权利义务和责任豁免以签发的提单条款为依据,承运人与托运人的责任划分 承运人同托运人的责任和费用的划分界限一般在船上吊杆所能达到的吊钩底下，但风险的划分一般以越过船舷为界。 承运人最基本的义务是按合理的期
2、限将货物完整无损地运到指定地点，并交给收货人。 托运人最基本的义务是按约定的时间、品质和数量准备好托运的货物，保证船舶能够连续作业，并及时支付有关费用。,班轮工会：又称航运工会，是由两家以上在同一航线上经营班轮运输的轮船公司，为维护共同利益，避免相互间的竞争，建立统一的运价和统一的制度所组成的国际航运垄断组织。,租船运输的基本特点是：（1）航线、装卸港口、船期均不固定，有关运输条件、当事人的权利和义务经货主与船东洽商后须以租船合同的形式确定下来。（2）有关运价按市场供求变化进行调整。在某一地区，当船多货少时，船舶供过于求，运价下跌，反之运价上升。,程租是船舶所有人按双方事先议定的运价与条件向租
3、船人提供船舶全部或部分舱位，在指定的港口间进行一个或多个航次运输指定货物的租船业务。可分为：（）单航次程租；（）来回航次程租；（）连续航次租船；（）包运合同又称大合同。,期租是船舶所有人把船出租给承租人使用一段时期的租船方式. 在这期限内，承运人可以利用船舶的运载能力来安排货运。,光租是一种比较特殊的租船方式，也是按 一定的期限租船. 与期租不同的是:1.船东不提供船员2.光船交承租人使用，由租船人自行配备船员，负责船舶的经营管理和各项事宜。3.在租赁期间，租船人实际上对船舶有着支配权和占有权。,租船合同又称租约，是载有租船订约双方 权利和义务条款的一种运输合同。程租合同的主要条款有：、合同当
4、事人；、船名和船期；、货物；、装运港；、受载日和解约日；、运费；、装卸费用的划分；、许可装卸时间；、滞期费和速遣费。期租合同的主要条款有：、船舶说明；、期租；、交船；、租金；、停租与复租；、还船；、转租。,外贸公司在加紧备货的同时，也可以物色货运代理人，以便将租船订舱这一艰巨任务委托他代办。 附件一租船定舱的货运代理人,租船经纪人:又称租船代理 主要业务: 按照委托人（船东或租船人）的指示要求，在市场上为委托人寻找货运对象或合适的运输船舶，从中收取佣金。 除此之外，他们还向委托人提供航运市场行情、国际航运动态及其有关资料，斡旋于船东和租船人之间，为他们调解纠纷，以取得公平合理的解决。,如果外贸
5、公司出口的是大宗货物，如粮谷、饲料、矿砂、煤炭、石油、化肥、木材及水泥等，或数量较大的件杂货，那么就可以采用租船运输。 如果希望租用整条船，可以选用期租船或程租船；如货物不足一整船，就不宜采用期租船，而可以选用程租船，只要与船东事先约定好，就可以租用一部分舱位。,1、询租,2、报盘,3、还盘,4、接受,5、签约,租船订舱的一般程序如下：,询租是租船人根据货运需要向租船经纪人或直接向船东发出租船单，使对方了解租方有什么货，需要什么船。 询租内容要求简明扼要，一般包括货物名称、种类、数量、装运港、卸货港、交货期和对租船合同条款的特殊要求等。,报盘又称发盘，租船单发出后，船东如有兴趣，就可以提出租船
6、合同的主要条款，并规定接受的期限，即为报盘。 是租船人还是船东谁先报盘并不一定，但通常都是船东首先报盘。,在租船过程中，报盘后可能要经过多次的还盘，就像交易磋商中的讨价还价，一般总要经过反复几个回合才能达成一致。 还盘时，先要仔细审核对方报盘的全部内容，然后决定哪些条件可以接受，哪些不能接受，哪些需要修改或添加，还有哪些需要进一步明确。,租船人如果对报盘内容无保留地同意并按报盘所提出的要求将同意传递到报盘人，即为接受。 报盘时限届满后的接受，必须经报盘人再确认才能生效。 附有条件的接受不是真正的接受，而是还盘。,程租合同的主要条款包括：货物、装卸港口、受载日和解约日、运费、装卸费的划分、许可装
7、卸时间、速遣费和滞期费等。 期租合同的主要条款有：船舶说明、使用范围和航行区域、租期、交船和还船、租金、停租及转租等。,Chapter 11 Shipment,Marine transportation business Freight agentCommon procedure of chartering a ship or booking space The procedure for booking space Relative documents,characteristics and functions,obligations of consignment,liner consort
8、ia,characteristics of ship leasing,Liner ship always has fixed course and schedule, and stops at some regular ports on the way. Ships on the same course have similar types and scheduled flight density. And the landing hire is included in the freight. The rights and obligations of both sides in the c
9、onsignment are on the basis of the B/L.,obligations of consignment Liner carrier refers to the consignee who is in charge of providing ships in the contract. And shipper refers to the consigner. Generally the division of obligations and expenses between carrier and shipper is under the tackle where
10、steeve reaches. However, the division of risks is at the side of a ship. Before the commodity crosses the shipboard, the shipper bears all risks, and when it passes the shipboard, the risks will be passed to the carrier. The carriers basic obligation is delivering commodities to its destination with
11、out any damage in time, and delivering goods to the consignee. The shipper bears the basic obligation of preparing good so that the ship can work continually, and pay the charges.,Liner consortia, or ship labor union, refers to a kind of international shipping cartels, which are made up of two or mo
12、re ship companies. In order to protect their common profits and avoid competition, these companies set up uniform prices and managing systems., characteristics of ship leasing 1、it has no fixed courses、ports of loading and schedules 2、it has no fixed freight 3、the B/L is not a independent document.
13、This kind of B/L will be restricted by contract 4、the harbor user fee、lading and unloading charges and demurrage will be calculated according to the regulation of charter. 5、it is always used in bulk cargoes,voyage charter It includes single voyage charter, return voyage charter and successive voyag
14、e charter. According to the route stipulated in the charter party, the ship owner is responsible for delivering the goods to the port of destination and for managing the ship as well as bearing all expenses.,time charter The charterer charters the ship for a period of time during which the ship is d
15、eployed and managed by the charter. During the period of chartering, the ship is managed, deployed and used by the charterer. A series of work, such as loading, unloading, stowing and trimming and the so- caused fuel expenses, port expenses, loading and unloading expenses, etc., should be borne by t
16、he charterer. The shipper should bear the wages and board expenses of the crew, and be responsible for seaworthiness during the period of chartering and the so-caused expenses and the vessel insurance premium.,demise charter it is also called bareboat charter, which belongs to time charter, but ther
17、e are some differences: as to time charter, during the period of chartering, the ship owner provides the charterer with a crew, while to bareboat charter, the ship owner only provides the charterer wit a bareboat, the charterer shall employ the crew by himself.,charter party The charter party is a c
18、ontract concluded between the ship owner and the charterer when the latter charters the ship or booking space from the former. It stipulates the rights and obligations of the two parties. The main terms in the charter party include the interested parties, name and flag of the ship, description and q
19、uantity of the shipments, time of chartering, freight, loading and unloading expenses, time limit of loading and unloading, demurrage and dispatch money.,freight agent When preparing goods, the import and export company may entrust an agent with the tough work of handling ship chartering or space bo
20、oking.,Chartering broker: Also called chartering agentMain business:According to instruction of client (ship owner or charter), looking for transportation target or suitable transportation boat for client at market, collect the commission from it.In addition, they also offer shipping market informat
21、ion, international shipping trends and relevant materials to the client, mediate to the ship owner and charter, mediate the dispute for them, in order to obtain fair and reasonable settlement.,Common procedure of chartering a ship or booking space If the company exports goods in great quantities, it
22、 may choose the way of ship charting. If it wants the whole ship, the voyage charter or time charter may be a good choice. The common procedure includes inquisition, offer, counter-offer, acceptance and contract signing.,5.contract,1.inquiry,2.offer,3.counter offer,4.acceptance,Common procedure of c
23、hartering a ship or booking space,Inquiry is that charter according to the needs of transportation send inquiry to charter broker or ship owner directly, make the other side understand the goods and ship.The inquiry must brief and concise, including goods name, kind , quantity , port of shipment , u
24、nloading port , delivery date and special demand for contract terms ,etc.,Offer is that after inquiry, if ship owner has interest, will ask for the main condition of charter contract and the deadline of acceptance.No matter who offer early, but usually is ship owner.,In the course of chartering, wil
25、l have many counter offers, just as bargaining, generally always have several round and could reach unanimity.When counter offer, need examine the counter offer, determine which terms may be accepted, which cant accept, which needs revising or adding, which needs to be clear.,Acceptance is that if t
26、he charter accept the offer without any modification, and tell the offerer that they accept.If the acceptance is after offer time limit, offerer must confirm to make it come into force.If the acceptance enclose condition, it is not the real acceptance , but a counter offer.,The main clause of a voya
27、ge charter contract includes: Goods , load and unload port, accept loading day and terminating day , freight charges , division of the fee for loading and unloading, permission lay day , dispatch and demurrage charges ,etc. The main clause of a time charter contract includes: shipping states, the sc
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48、lHSJr3WxBmHK6NJ2GhiBeFZ7R4I30kA1DkaGhn3XtKknBYCUDxqA7FHYi2CHhI92tgKQcWA3PtGZ7R4I30kA1DkaGhn3XtKknBYCUDxqA7FHYi2CHhI92tgKQcWA3PtGshLs50cLmTWN60eo8Wgqv7XAv2OHUm32WGeaUwYDIAWGMeR4I30kA1DkaGhn3XtKknBYCUDxqA7FHYi2CHhI92tgKQcWA3PtGZ7R4I30kA1DkaGtgKQcWA3PtGZ7R4I30kA1DkaGhn3XtKknBYCUDxqA7FHYi2CHhI92tgKQcWA3
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