1、Some general tips for finding fallacies in your own arguments: Pretend you disagree with the conclusion youre defending. What parts of the argument would now seem fishy to you? What parts would seem easiest to attack? Give special attention to strengthening those parts. List your main points; under
2、each one, list the evidence you have for it. Seeing your claims and evidence laid out this way may make you realize that you have no good evidence for a particular claim, or it may help you look more critically at the evidence youre using. Learn which types of fallacies youre especially prone to, an
3、d be careful to check for them in your work. Some writers make lots of appeals to authority; others are more likely to rely on weak analogies or set up straw men. Read over some of your old papers to see if theres a particular kind of fallacy you need to watch out for. Be aware that broad claims nee
4、d more proof than narrow ones. Claims that use sweeping words like “all,” “no,” “none,” “every,” “always,” “never,” “no one,” and “everyone” are sometimes appropriatebut they require a lot more proof than less-sweeping claims that use words like “some,” “many,” “few,” “sometimes,” “usually,” and so
5、forth. Double check your characterizations of others, especially your opponents, to be sure they are accurate and fair. Works consulted We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handouts topic, and we encourage you to do your own resear
6、ch to find the latest publications on this topic. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial. We revise these tips periodi
7、cally and welcome feedback. Hurley, Patrick J. A Concise Introduction to Logic. Thornson Learning, 2000 Lunsford, Andrea and John Ruszkiewicz. Everythings an Argument. Bedford Books, 1998. Copi, Irving M. and Carl Cohen. Introduction to Logic. Prentice Hall, 1998. This work is licensed under a Creat
8、ive Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The above materials are from The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with the following link:
