1、Pronunciation and Listening-Weak Forms and Sentence Stress3.4 语 音 与 听 力-弱 读 与 句 子 重 音01弱 读 02句 子 重 音Weak Forms Sentence StressCONTENTS目 录01PART ONE 弱 读Weak Forms弱 读 Weak FormsIn English, some words may have more than one form of pronunciation, i.e., a strong form and one or more weak forms. Function
2、 words are often pronounced in their weak forms in a sentence.Introductionand: /nd/ (strong); /nd/, /nd/, /n/, /n/ (weak) Tom and Annie John and Kateas: /z/(strong); /z/ (weak)as far as I know He acted as if he knew everything.have /hv/; /hv, v/ We should have waited.has /hz/; /hz, z/ It has rained
3、lately.had /hd/; /hd, d/ He had been there.him /hm/; /m/ Look at him. Tell him.could, would, should /kud, wud,ud/ (strong); /kd, wd, d/ (weak) We could see nothing in the dark. Tom said he would come and visit me. Practice弱 读 Weak Formsof /Dv/; /v/ Im thinking of you.or /:/; / I want three or four.t
4、hat /t/; /t/ He is the one that got away.than /n/; /n/ Mine is better than yours.to /tu:/; /t/ Go to school.was /wDz/; /wz/ It was good. be /bi:/; /b/ Be quiet!are /:/; / We are ready.Practice弱 读 Weak Formsbecause /bk :z/; /bkz, kz/ I like it because its beautiful.for /f :/; /f/ Is this for me?from
5、/frDm/; /frm/ This is from my brother.we, he, she, me /wi:, hi:, i:, mi:/ (strong) /w, h, m/ (weak)Jack, Alice and I, we are good friends. Hes active and warm-hearted, and shes quiet and gentle. They both have helped me a lot with my study.Practice弱 读 Weak FormsBarbara spent Saturday afternoon looki
6、ng at a beautiful book about South America. I want to go to South America. she said to herself. The next morning when Barbara woke up it was six oclock and her brothers and sisters were still asleep. Barbara looked at them and closed her eyes again. Then she quietly got out of bed and started to pac
7、k her suitcase. She took some comfortable clothes out of the cupboard. She packed a pair of binoculars and her sisters camera. She packed a photograph of herself and one of her mother and father. i mustnt forget to have some breakfast, she said to herself. But then she looked at the clock. It was a
8、quarter to seven. I ll just drink a glass of water, she said. A glass of water, she said. Water, she said, and opened her eyes. She was still in her bed, and her brothers and sisters were laughing at her. Tell us what you were dreaming about, they said to her. But Barbara didnt answer. She was think
9、ing about her wonderful journey to South America. Practice弱 读 Weak Forms02PART TWO 句 子 重 音Sentence Stress句 子 重 音 Sentence StressIn an English sentence, some words are stressed, whereas others are not. Or in other words, some words are more prominent than others.Function words are usually in their we
10、ak form. In most cases, content words are stressed in a sentence.句 子 重 音 Sentence StressFunction words are weak in a sentence, these include:Articles (a, an, the) This is a computer. The computer is my sisters. Pronouns A. I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, they, them: I am a teacher. They a
11、re my friends. B. my, your, his, her, its, our, their: My mother often helps me. C. who, whose, whom, that, which (relative pron.) I like the girl whom we met at the party.Function Words句 子 重 音 Sentence StressFunction words are weak in a sentence, these include:Auxiliary verbsA. be (am, is, are, wer
12、e, was), shall (should), will (would), have (has, had), do (does, did):John is studying Chinese. The meeting will be cancelled. B. can (could), may (might), must, have to (has to, had to), shall (should), will (would), ought to, dare, need, used to: He may not go to Shanghai tomorrow.You must be car
13、eful.Function Words句 子 重 音 Sentence StressFunction words are weak in a sentence, these include:Conjunctions (and, or, for, but, as, than, if, when, while, since, now that, as if/though): I wrote the letter and posted it. Will you stay home or go with me? I wont do it, for I dont think its right. Stu
14、dy as your brother does.Function Words句 子 重 音 Sentence StressFunction words are weak in a sentence, these include:Prepositions (especially monosyllables, such as “at, by, for, from, of, to, into”, etc.) are not stressed in the middle of a sentence:He came from Hong Kong.She took a look at me and wen
15、t into the room.N.B.: Prepositions composed of more than one syllables (such as “beside, behind, below, above, about, among, under”, etc.) usually take stress in a sentence.Function Words句 子 重 音 Sentence StressContent words are usually stressed (in bold letters) in a sentence. These include:1 .Nouns
16、: An elephant is an animal. His job is to clean the house.2 .Adjectives: Her skirt is blue and white. The beautiful new dress is expensive.3 .Numerals: My second brother is a doctor. Two plus Two is four.Content Words句 子 重 音 Sentence StressContent words are usually stressed (in bold letters) in a se
17、ntence. These include:4 .Notional verbs: Mary loves her doll. John locked the door and left.5 .Adverbs: She can sing beautifully. Li speaks slowly and clearly. 6 .Interjections: Dear me! My, what a downpour! Content Words句 子 重 音 Sentence StressContent words are usually stressed (in bold letters) in
18、a sentence. These include:7 . Pronouns:A. this, that, these, those I dont like this dress; I like that one.B. Myself, yourself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves John cooks his meal himself.C. Some, every, all, both, none, other, many, few, somebody, something, everybody, everything
19、, etc. We are many, they are few. D. Who, whom, whose, what, which, how, why Whos that? Why were you late? Content Words弱 读Weak Forms句 子 重 音Sentence StressSummary Function Words功 能 词Function words: unstressed (articles, most pronouns, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions, and prepositions)功 能 词 ： 不 重 读Content words: stressed (nouns, adjectives, numerals, notional verbs, adverbs, interjections, and some pronouns)实 义 词 ： 重 读
