1、4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 1/13百度首页登录 意见反馈下载客户端g3581g4EA5 g4374g41DF g3FF6g4EC1 gD2Eg2877 g2E15g4683 g1BB7g14C3 g4364gA57 g47F7g435D gD60gD2E | g8D0g795VIP百度文库实用文档表格/模板调查/报告首页 分类 精品内容 申请认证 机构合作 频道专区 百度智慧课堂 百度教育VIP 1Contes Page g3Sumary.21.Introduction.32.43.4.55.6.67.8.79.10.8.12.93.14.105.1
2、6.Conclusion.1117.References.2g3g3g3g3g3g3g3g3g3g34/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 2/13 2Sumary Thisreportisanalysioftheworldeconmyintheaspectsofinterationaltrade,tradrganiztios,blncfpaymtsadexcgrate,awlsthesiglcurencyadsmespecifkindcountries.Withtseinforationwcaselalythatiwilbringusmanybenfitstoj
3、iniEU. 4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 3/13 31.Introduction AsamebrofthegovernmetofantiowhicisonthepriheryofEurope,IthinkthcuentlycnsidatijiiEurpeanUnionisamanigljct,aditfolwigiwiltlkabout14oitsofthebnefitsofjinEU. 4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 4/13 42 Firstly,Iwilbrieflyexplainthecurentcond
4、itonsfourcountry.Thecarcteistc.Birtt.Inldevlopedcountries,therisoftenahigbirthrate.Forexample,in201005.18,theUnitNatisomicomiofAficarpublishd201 African econmic report,itsaidbetween2008and2009,Africaspopulationincreasedby2.3%,thtoalnubreached1bilon,fwhic70%isnotmrethan30yearsold.Unemployment.Unemplo
5、ymentisualyveryhigithveryliteindustrybecausemostpeopleworkontheirownsmallplotsofland.Forexample,in2009,themanagerofUnitedNationseconmicomisonfAfricasid,evnitheyarofrapidecmicgrwth,Africasuneplyetrateistilryhig,andtecnmicriswilaketisaorsriousroblm.Oficalfiguesowethati208,ub-ahrnAfricunemplyentrateis7
6、.6%,northAfricais10.%wileth averagelevelintheworldis6%.Someproblemsthatfceus.Indbtdns.TiismajorpoblemforLDCs.Itincreasyearbyyear,whicakesitalotipoibletrwe.Forexampl,i19,Congonmidclin,debtisauchas$5biloni1990,nveragof$2500perrs.Aorigtothreport:Afrincutrieshavethihstdebt:hedbtatiofRepblicadeM&cdiliseq
7、alto426%ofGDP,guinaBisauis32.7%,Tanziis250.8%.Inaiton,Egypt,equatorialiea,Zmbi,Cong,Mali,Mdgacr,SAOtomedpricie,Sudan,Zire,morthn20cutrieshtherebtoutsipnatisGDP,almostompletlylsteslvey.Aidprgames.TheaidtheygetfrthWorldBankorIMFoftencaryconditonswhictheyflardifcultocomplywitandaetoexpensive.rxmple,i20
8、,tlonsgrantsf20milolrsthygtfromIFbenusdinsomehigtechialiduty,whicdintuseinsmeapectsopvety.Wecafrotisastthemoneitspedithrthateyostbned 3 IfwejoininEU,therewillbemoremulti-nationalscometoourcountry.Themulti-natioalscanbringinewmethodsandtechnolgytotheNICsandLDSs.Forxaple,thebranchesofMicrosftprteiCiac
9、transfertewangentskilsandmstiptantly,thtchnialskilstoChinatohlphimpromt.Theulti-natioalscanicreasemployent.Anewstoresofafmouscopany4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 5/13 5whobuiltinoecountrycansolvethproblemsofunemployent.Forexample,anerachfWal-MtwhicstldinHanD,Chia,smalcityinChinrctly,makethousnds
10、ofpeolfitheirjobsintecitywherthecopetionisfierce,whichofcourseisagoodthing. 4 Theraremanydvantgesfromtradingiternatioaly.IfwejoiniEU,weilavoportuit ete.First,itcaniceasdworld-ioutpt.Aswithtetheoryfcompartiveadvntge,whimnthatcountrieshouldpecialsintadingigdsndsericsiictheyvetbigtadvntag,sopecialstioa
11、swehaveecanleadtoincreasesinoutput.Second,godsandservicesproduceatlowercost.Becauseofthecompartiveavtae,verycoutywilcntronthindutrywhicasthebigstdntg,whi,fcrse,theostiloertaotenatios,wlathecompetion,teadvntagdcountrywilmakhiscstvlerthaveplcintheeconomicworld.Third,greatrangeofcmoditesforcnsuers,more
12、choie.Worldtraealowscountistoxchtheiranggdwithtuntrispucingdiferntrange.Thisgivesthepopulationofeachcountryagreaterchoice. 5 g3TherIilstruatenexampletohelpmebterxplainthebnefitsofretrade.aftradegrn(FTA)btwnKodUitdSawhicilrealisin201.01.Thismeansthataygdsaservicesoulbexangeflybetwenthetwocountriesith
13、nobriertothixhange.Iilmilynarratetheagriculturecontent.Intheagricultrepart,fortheKoreainthefodcrops,themanufctrepotaeswiltaksontaifs,vyafrmDcmbrtAiltarifsipomtlyrblihd,butdringMaytoNvebritwilreainthetarifsofthe7yearsbefor,athe8t yearKoewilbegantolafsyrby,nda15thitwilcmpltlyabolishedthetariffsonmanuf
14、acturepotatoes.Forthemat,likebefwhicthetwopartiesrgardeasvryimportant.ItheFTA,teyagrdthywilaolisdttrifsn15ystpbte,durigtatpriodASGisvailble. 4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 6/13 6 6 The2kindsofadvntagesithereasonsofretrade.ItisalotherasonwhyendtojiinEU.AbslueadvtageThisexistwhenoecountrycanproduc
15、eagodrservicemuchmorficntlythnaotrtyarahsigthesamlvlfeoutopduethgodrservice.Coartiveavntag.Itisformulatedonthebasisthat,despitehavingabsoluteadvntgorothercountrieinprouctionfgosanricsitwilbeficalfracuntryspcialseinthegdrservicetisbestatproducinadtradwthoteoiewhvacompartivadnagnomefthergeofgosandsrvi
16、cstcountrieswishttradei.Thiscursbcausthprtuitycotfithigscr ilbehigerinteontywithbolteadvntagethanitwilbeintheountriesitcompativadvtage. Herisworkedxampl.Wittsamruresf10units,countrisAandBcanproducesthcooditsafolw. Sugar breadCountryA1010CountryB580 ItisclearlythatcountryAhasbsoluteadvntageovercountr
17、yB.Now,wilkatheloclprtnitycostrtis.ForA,thecostof1sugaris10unitsofbread:100/10=10ForB,thecostf1sugaris16unitsofbread:80/5=16ForA,thecostof1breadis0.1unitsofsugar:10/100=0.1ForB,thecostf1breadis0.625unitsofsugar:5/80=.625mumeIhvclulatedabove,wcneintermsofportunitycost,breadisaprincountryBthnictryA.co
18、utyBhascmpartivevntgeinbead.g3g3 7 Whilethrearmanyadvntagesofretrade,wstilcantforgetheprotectionismtomaintitheemploymentrt,ptctourlocalmpisfrmthfierccpetioifwjoiniEU.Thrtctinismisakidofmeasurethatedoesticountryhasoerstricton4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 7/13 7onthercountriesonimportftheworldtra
19、detoprtectlocalindustriesfromcmpti,aduplyseprrntialmeanstlalmpytohlpthedevloswelasriservnufrotrifsdquotas.Itcontaisprotectingpyent,indut,protectingagntuping,proeiginstoverspecialisation,curepersistentbalanceofpaymentsdeficit.Forexample,in2011.10.11.TheUnitedStaessenatepasedthe2011of curency chng rt
20、supervison rform bil,thmincotentoftbilsfreqstotheU.SGoventimpepunitvetarifstajrtadepartnerwhoiscaledisexchangratisundervalud.ItwsobviulythtU.SwtimpetriftoCiatofrcethaleofRMBaprecation,itisaytheiortfU.Sfrmhnwildline,whic,inturn,ilprtecloclindusryandptectployent. Inanothercase,i201Argetiapsompliestoli
21、mtheimortwhiak540,peolfindtheijobsinfincialcris,angtis360,0textileorebemlyd,low64,000peoliwodenfuritreand50,000plincapitalgoods,whichprotectthelocalemployment. g3 8 Theraremanybariersoftrade,ifwejoiniEU,mostfthemcanbecaneld. Onofthriersttraeistariffs.Tariffsaresurchargesonthepriceofiports,tarifrequi
22、resthimpotofagodtopayspecifdfractionfthepricetthegovnmt.Forexale,in201.20.Trotthellprductionterpisfrtheipactfthiportedproducts,neftmostiotatglbaltxtilepowrs,Turkey,isuedanficalstaemt,whicplantipseimportrifsofvenfabicfromthimpoter.Aothrisqutas.Itisthstiportanton-tariftradebarier.Itisadirectquantitive
23、restrictiononteamountfcmditylowtobimportorexpord.Forxamle,in201.17.TheustosuncmiefBelusia,Rusia,Kzakhstnstheamountofimpotqta,whiontais:Rusiasqot-70tonto250tonsfrzenchikenboe,10,tofrzenTurkey.hquotafrBelrusia-15,0tonsfpoultryadpultryproducts.Kakstast-10,tonfpoultryadltpoucts. 9 Now,letmetalkboutherol
24、efEU.Thefroventfgds,pl,servicesandcpitalisthefundamentalrolef4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 8/13 8EU.Italsoaimstoelimnatecustomsdutiesandquotasbetwenmebrs,establishcnextrnaltrifornbrs,etblishfrovntofpol,services,egodsadcpitbetweers,ducant-competiepracies,asciatwthcountriesoutsideuniotincrastrade
25、,movetwrdsfulconmindmonetryunion,developcommonforeign,securityanddefencepolicy.In15October209,inBrusel,Belgiu,hicistheEuropeanUionheadquartes,theEUtradcomisoeahtonadsotKoreanforigntdmistrsignth frtradegrentbtwnEUSuth.Theaetwileliatealmostalofthetarifado-tarifbarierstotradebtwentoecnoies. Aweknbleltr
26、ebwenth2cunisin208mrtha$90bilon,thisasignmtwilpromttefretradeadbringbenfitstoEUmeripcoutrise. 10 TherisalsoanworldorganiztioncaledWorldTaeOrganiztion,whicpalythesamoleimeaspectswithEUitthbdystblihdin195toregulateworldtrae.Thiscoversgods,ervicesanditelctualproertyrights.Itskstncugtlwinftratritonstost
27、ledisutswitacomondiputeproedur.Frexampl,inthe203Deber13th o18th,tsixthminsterialconfernceofWTOhldiHogKong,China,tetingpateit dlrti,whisaidbytendf2008,tedvelopdcoutriesndpartofevlopingcountrieswillow-tarisandon-qutastandbvilbltthmstudevlpdcountries;Thedvelopmebrcelcotnexportsuidein206,canelalfmfxport
28、subidsinagiultralprductbythenof13. Inthiscase,wecanetheWTOisplyinghisrolestoprmtethdevlopmentoffretrade,tohlpthporcountrebcomerengthfulinctivwold. 1 Thebalnceofpaymentsionefthemostiportantdocumentsofnecountry,itcanhelpusfindourproblems.HereIusethefiguresofUKtohelpusunderstandit.Thebalnceofpayentsare
29、cordfalincialtransctionsbetwenacountryandtitrtilecomy.ThstructureoftheUKwcistoftheetaccountandthecapitalaccount,thefinancialaccount.4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 9/13 9Thecurentacountconersincomeandexpnditureandisdivenitofurparts. (1).adigds.Thiscoverthxportsaimpotsfgos. (2).Treinservice.isrste
30、rtsndirtsfservices.In02,thtadngod/evicar-21,03lonpund(3).Icome.itcosit2parts.Directinvestmenticmeaortflioinvestmentinceandtherincomelikearnigsolasadpositandesrat.I20,thisfiguis20,64ilopunds.(4).Curentrafer.Thisapectstaipaymentsandreciptswhertisnocorespodigxchangeofgodrservice.I20,thnumbrofcurenttran
31、sferis-9,247milopuds.Thecapitacnt.Itconistofcapitltransferandacquistionadispoalofnon-producedgoods.In2002,thefigureis1,096millionpounds.Thefinacilacount.Itistheflowfdirectportflioandotherinvestmentadrsrvset.I20,tfinacilacountis7,18milpud. 12 g3IfwejoiniEU,ourexchangerateistendtobemorestable,sourbaln
32、ceofpaymtscabemstdy.Thexhngratithepriceofacurencyintersofthercurencis.Iftvalueofcurrencyrisimprtedgodswilbdearer,tfothtradeingoodsislikelytomoveintodeficit.Ifthexchangeraterisethenthecountrysgodsandservicesmightsuferanddemandfromabroadcouldfall.Forexample,aUKfirmproducesbreadforcakecompanyitheChina.
33、Thecosti100punds.ThrateotheYantohpunsi10Yuto1pound.sttheChiesfiris10Yuan.Iftheratecageto1ant1pund,whicmanstpounditrongerdtcostfthbrdttheChinesfrmio10Yu.TheCiesfirmayconsierthitoetoexpnsivadlokelsherforacaprcopany.Ifthevaluofepundhfalto9Yunat1pound,tenthosttheChiesirwilbe90Yateyreliklytoprchasemratis
34、cheapric. 13 TherisnodubthowevrthatiwasthemovetwardsbecomingaService-basedconmywhicangdtempiinthUKy.Althvyaufctringadeiringindustrieslargelydisapeard,forexample:shipbuilding,steel,miningetc.Thebalnceofpaymentsfigureshowthatedfictinthebalnceoftradeingods4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 10/13 10hasw
35、idenconsiderably,andamrkedincreasinthebalnceoftradefict.Evenverymarkdiitheicogtditiomstinhsnotbesuficntovercometisdfitandtherforethcurentacoutbalceaslsoalybeindfi.ThersofdfitistherndforUKcnumerstobumoriportegods.ButthecurrentfiursugethateUKeconmyisheadingforanualgrowthof20of3.7%. 14 IfwejoiniEU,itsl
36、ikelythatweilbeasinglecurencyountry.SoherIwilsaysmthigabouthsinglcurncy.Thereare2advantagesofthesinglecurrencyfortheUK.Reduceost.FirmsandiivdualsdonthavetopaystheymovethmselvsorgosrervicefoeEUctrytnthr.educexhangrateuncrtainty.TheUKpoudwilbeathesaerateforalEurombrs.Therearealso2disadvantagesofthesin
37、glecurrency.Losfindepndetmonetarypolicy.Scopefrfiscalpolicyadjustmentsirestrictedbynetostaywith3%fGDP.Iailtytdevlueindepndetly.Indivualgovernmetslosethispolicyinstrument.g3 15 TheraremanybenfitsofbeingasinglecurencyountryifwejoiniEU. ipacslcurytothidivalslasbusines. Forperso.first,slgayoaeithectries
38、fEU,udtetprchathcuncieandchnethembck,youalsondtocallattheostfpuraseidifretominatiosaginstheUKpun.Seond,tpricegoodsineachcountrywillbeeasilycompared.Forcompanies.First,thecopanycanviodtheaditonalcostwhenitastosetlacountsbecausethEUcountriesallusethsamecurency.Second,increasdforeigninvestments.Because
39、themarketsizeasitwasinaunion. 4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 11/13 1116. Conclusion WithtecontetsIhavetalkedabove,wecansethatifwejoiniEU,thebnefitsiobvus.Itwilbringmorprtunitstourpolndcompay,brginwtechnolgyandieastwidenohoriznthelusthikirdetodevlopuratisevirontstimptatly,dvlopreconytakurelhaveabetterlife. 4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 12/13 1217. Refrnces 1.http:/www.wal- daily 4.the orld econmy 5.finacing itrational trde 6.htp:/w.cet.c/g37.An Iquiry into the Nature and Cause of the Walth of Nations 8.World ecomy 4/15/2019 HND 世界经济报告 - 百度文库https:/ 13/13
