1、.词汇过关1_vi. 回答；响应_n.2_adj. 远的；远处的_n.3_n. (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除_v.4_n. 仁慈；宽恕5_adj. 确定的；某一6_n. 重要(性)_adj.7_vt. 擦；摩擦_(过去式)_(过去分词)8_vt. 包含；容纳；容忍,9_adj. 强大的；有力的_n.10_vt. 影响；感动；侵袭11_vt. 鉴赏；感激_n.12_vi. 成功_adj._adv._n.13_adj. 安全的14_vt. 雇佣；利用_n. 雇主_n. 雇工15_vt. 损害；危害_n_adj. 有害的,答案：1.respond; response2.distant; distanc
2、e3.relief; relieve4.mercy5.certain6.importance; important7.rub; rubbed; rubbed8.contain9.powerful; power10.affect11.appreciate; appreciation12.succeed; successful; successfully; success13.secure14.employ; employer; employee15.harm; harm; harmful,.短语自查1在危险中_2如释险负_3come into being_4根据，按照_5和平地_6突然大笑起来_
3、7注意_8turn around_,答案：1.in danger2.in relief3.产生；形成4.according to5.in peace6.burst into laughter7.pay attention to8.转身,.句式翻译1Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife._2It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but Id like to help as the WWF suggests._,3In relief Daisy burs
4、t into laughter._4You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together._,答案：1戴西一直都渴望帮助那些濒危灭绝的野生动植物。2这表明了保护野生动植物的重要性，不过，我还想按照世界野生动物基金会(WWF)的建议来帮助你们。3戴茜如释重负，突然笑了起来。4你们应多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何共同生活的。,.语篇理解根据课文内容，完成下列表格。,答案：1.Tibet2.The antelopes h
5、ave been overhunted.3.An elephant4.Farmers used to hunt the animals but now they like them.5.A rainforest6.monkey,.单词突破1respond (v.)1)(to sb./sth.)(with sth.)|that. (口头或书面)回答；回应Has she responded to your letter?她有没有回复你的信？2)(to sth.)(with sth./by doing sth.)反应；响应I kicked the dog, which responded by gr
6、owling/with a growl.我踢了那条狗， 它便狂吠起来,3)(to sth./sb.)反应灵敏；作出正确反应The car responds well to the controls.这辆汽车操纵灵敏。,知识拓展response (n.)1)C&U(口头的或书面的)回答；答复He made no response to my question.他对我的问题不予回答。2)C&U 反应；响应She laughed in response to his jokes.她听了他的笑话大笑。,词语辨析respond, answer, reply这些动词均有“回答”之意。1)respond正式
7、用词，指即刻的，以口头或行动对外来的号召、请求或刺激等作出回答或响应。侧重表示自发的反应。I struck him a crack and he responded with a kick.我啪的打了他一下，他回踢了一脚。,2)answer常用词，指用书面、口头或行动对他人的请求、询问、质问等作出回答或反应。Ann asked many questions and I did my best to answer them.安问了许多问题，我尽可能地回答。3)reply较正式用词，较少用于口语。指“对号召、指责、请求等作出适当反应”， 侧重经过考虑的较正式答复。I sent in my appl
8、ication, and the university replied immediately.我把申请书交上去了， 大学方面立即给了答复。,牛刀小试(1)Animals_to kindness.AanswerBrespondCact Ddance答案：B题意：动物受到善待能作出反应。,(2)Who_the telephone?Apicked BansweredCreplied Dresponded答案：B题意：谁接的电话？ answer the telephone表示“接电话”。,(3)They would be able to_to our signals using similar me
9、thods.Arespond BanswerCreply Dreflect答案：C题意：他们会有能力使用类似的方法来回应我们的信号。,(4)Seans strong love for his country is_in his recently published poems.Arelieved BreflectedCresponded Drecovered答案：B题意：肖恩对祖国的强烈热爱在他最近出版的诗里表现出来。reflect表示“反映，表现”；例如：That choice reflects your good taste.那选择反映了你的高雅品味。,2distant (adj.)1)遥
10、远的；远处的；久远的The sun is distant from the earth.太阳距地球很遥远。2)(from sth.)不相似的；不同的Their life seemed utterly distant from his own.他们的生活与他自己的生活完全不同。3)不友好的；冷淡的；疏远的Mary sounded very cold and distant on the phone.从电话里听起来玛丽非常冷淡和疏远。,知识拓展1distance (n.)1)C&U 距离；间隔In England distance is measured in miles, not in kilo
11、meters.在英国测量距离用英里，不用公里。2)sing. 远方， 远处Youll never get the ball in from that distance.你绝不可能从那么远的地方把球投进去。,3)U&C 冷淡；疏远There has been(a)great distance between the two close friends since their quarrel.(喻)两个亲密的朋友自从争吵以后就开始疏远了。,知识拓展21)be distant towards/with sb.对某人冷淡Shes always very distant with Ann.她对安总是很冷
12、淡。2)in/into the distance 在远处；在远方I could see the bus coming in the distance.我看见公共汽车从远处开来了。3)at/from a distance 离一段距离；从远处；遥远的；久远的The oilpainting looks better at a distance.这幅油画远看起来更美一些。,4)keep sb. at a distance 对冷淡；同疏远；与保持一定的距离She always keeps me at a distance.她总是对我疏远。5)keep ones distance (from sb./st
13、h.)(与) 保持距离； 疏远；避免(与)亲近；避免介入I would keep my distance from that dog, if I were you!我要是你， 就离那条狗远一点！,牛刀小试(1)It snows all the year round in that_little village.Adistant BdistanceCfar away Ddirect答案：A题意：在那个遥远的小村落里整年下雪。,(2)The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a_o
14、f 60 miles.Alength BdistanceCway Dspace答案：B题意：总统山上的四位著名的美国总统的头部巨像在距离60英里的地方就可看得见。a distance of 60 miles 表示“60英里的距离”。,3relief (n.)1)U& sing.(不快过后的)宽慰；轻松；解脱It was a great relief to find that my family was all safe.看到我的家人安然无恙，我感到极大的欣慰。2)U(from/of sth.)(焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻；消除；缓和The pills gave her some relief.药片减
15、轻她一些痛苦。3)U(给灾区或交战地区人们提供的)救济；救援物品Relief was quickly sent to the sufferers from the great fire.救济品很快被送到遭受火灾的灾民手中。,知识拓展1)in relief浮雕一般， 鲜明地， 显著地The snowcapped mountain stood out in sharp relief against the blue sky.冰雪覆盖的高山在蓝天的映衬下格外醒目。2)(much)to ones relief|to ones (great) relief使某人大为放心， 使某人深感宽慰To my gr
16、eat relief/Much to my relief, I wasnt late.让我最庆幸的是没有迟到。,牛刀小试(2010山东，33)Those who suffer from headache will find they get_ from this medicine.AreliefBsafetyCdefenseDshelter答案：A考查名词词义辨析。题意：那些患有头痛的人会发现服了这药后头痛会得到缓解。relief“减轻，解除”；B项“安全”；C项“保护”；D项“庇护，掩蔽，避难所”。由句意可知，选A项。,4mercy (n.)1)U 仁慈；宽恕They showed litt
17、le mercy on their enemies.他们对敌人不留情。2)C, usually sing. 幸运；恩惠It was a mercy that the whole family survived the earthquake.这次地震中一家人都幸免于难，真是不幸中之大幸。,知识拓展1)at the mercy of sb./sth. 任处置；对无能为力；任由摆布They were lost at the sea, at the mercy of the wind and weather.他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。2)have mercy on /upon对有怜悯心Ha
18、ve mercy on us!可怜可怜我们吧。,词语辨析mercy, pity1)mercy 指对自己有权力支配的人所表示的一种仁慈。He showed little mercy to the prisoners.他对囚犯毫不宽容。2)pity指对弱者或不幸者的苦难、不幸所寄予的同情。She looked at those orphans with pity.她以怜悯的眼光看着那些孤儿。,牛刀小试翻译句子(1)The troops are on a mercy mission(a journey to help people)in the war zone._答案：部队出发救助战地民众。(2)
19、Im not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank._答案：我不想任由银行摆布。,5importance (n.) 重要性；重要；重大The items are listed in order of importance.这些项目是根据其重要性排列的。He emphasized the importance of careful driving.他强调小心驾驶的重要性。,牛刀小试(1)They attached very great_to the project.Asense BimportanceCmeaning Ddirection答案：
20、B题意：他们对这项目极为重视。,(2)I have read the material several times but it doesnt make any_to me.Ameaning BimportanceCsense Dsignificance答案：C题意：这些材料我已读了几遍，但是我搞不清什么意思。make sense表示“有道理；有意义；讲得通”。,6rub (v.)(rubbed; rubbed)1)sth.(with sth.)擦；磨；搓I rubbed the window with a cloth.我用一块布擦窗子。2)(sth.)(together)(使)相互摩擦；搓H
21、e rubbed his hands to keep them warm.他揉搓着双手来取暖。3)(on/against sth.)磨；摩擦(尤指引起疼痛或损坏)The door rubs on the floor.这门擦到地板了。,牛刀小试If something gets into your eyes, dont_them.Aclean BsweepCrub Dblow答案：C题意：如果有什么东西进入你的眼睛，不要揉搓它们。,7contain (v.)1)包含；含有；容纳This book contains all the information you need.这本书包含你所需的一切资
22、料。How much will this bottle contain?这个瓶子容量多少？2)(hold back) 控制；克制；抑制(感情)Please contain your enthusiasm for a moment.请你暂且控制住感情。She could hardly contain her excitement.她抑制不住内心的激动。,词语辨析contain, include(1)contain指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。强调全部的包含或成分的包含。,(2)include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，常使用“including被包括部分”或“被包括部分incl
23、uded”的结构。The container contains many kinds of fruits, apples included/including apples.这个篮子里装有各种水果，包括苹果在内。,牛刀小试采用contain, include的适当形式填空。(1)Orange juice_things which help keep you healty.(2)At least twenty people were present at the meeting，_three teachers/three teachers_.(3)The box_the childs toys.
24、(4)Your duty will_putting the children to bed besides cooking.(5)She couldnt _herself for joy.,答案：(1)contains(2)including; included(3)contains(4)include(5)contain,8affect (v.)1)影响Their opinion will not affect my decision.他们的意见不会影响我的决定。2)(疾病)侵袭；感染Her lungs had become affected.她的肺受到了感染。3)(感情上) 深深打动；使悲
25、伤(或怜悯等) We were deeply affected by the news of her death.她死亡的噩耗使我们深为感伤。,词语辨析affect, influence, impress, effect这些词均含“影响”之意。1)affect其主语通常是物而不是人，指一物对另一物产生的消极影响。The change in climate may affect your health.气候的变化可能影响你的健康。2)influence 侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。No one can avoid being influenced by
26、 advertisements.谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。,3)impress强调影响既深刻又持久。侧重产生一种显著的、深刻的、通常是持久的效果。The woman impressed me most unfavourably.这女人给我的印象极差。 4)effect是名词， 意为“效果，影响”。This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.这对母子俩的将来影响很大。,牛刀小试(1)The sights of the city never fail to_foreign tourists.Aaffect Binf
27、luenceCimpress Deffect答案：C题意：外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象。,(2)The amount of rain_the growth of crops.Aaffects BinfluencesCimpresses Deffect答案：A题意：雨量影响作物的生长。,(3)I dont want to_you. You must decide for yourself.Aaffect BinfluenceCimpress Deffect答案：B题意：我不想影响你。你必须自行决定。,(4)The drug had an immediate_on the pain.Aaffe
28、ct BinfluenceCimpress Deffect答案：D题意：这药对止痛能立刻生效。,9appreciate (v.)1)欣赏；赏识；重视You cant fully appreciate foreign literature in translation.看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓。2)感激；感谢；欢迎They deeply appreciated his kindness.他们对他的好意深表感谢。3)理解；意识到；领会I appreciate your problem, but I dont think I can help you.我理解你的困难， 但却爱莫能助。,知识
29、拓展(1)would appreciate it if. 如果将不胜感激。I would appreciate it if you call back this afternoon.如果你今天下午回电话我将不胜感激。(2)appreciation n. 欣赏，赏识，鉴赏,词语辨析appreciate; enjoy1)price(价)appreciate 根义评价，估价因而它作“欣赏”讲时指对事物有深入的了解并能鉴赏。2)joy(乐)enjoy 根义使快乐因而它作“欣赏”讲时不像appreciate那样需要较高的修养，仅指从中得到快乐。The foreigner enjoys Beijing o
30、pera very much although he does not appreciate it.这位老外很爱听京剧，虽然他听不出个子丑寅卯。,牛刀小试(1)Id appreciate_if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.AthatBitCthisDyou 答案：B题意：如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑，我将不胜感激。表示“喜欢，怨恨”的动词like, dislike，love, hate，appreciate以及动词stop常与形式宾语it连用，构成“V.itwhen/if.”句式。此类用法与我们所熟悉的it作形式宾语不同的
31、是，在it后面没有形容词或名词担任宾语补足语。,(2)I would appreciate it_you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.Auntil BifCwhen Dthat答案：B题意：今天下午你若回电医生预约的话，我将不胜感激。,(3)I would appreciate_back this afternoon.Ayou to call Byou call Cyour calling Dyoure calling答案：B题意：今天下午你若回电，我将不胜感激。appreciate后接动名词的复合结构作宾语。,(4
32、)I wrote him a letter to show my_of his thoughtfulness.Aachievement BagreementCattention Dappreciation答案：D题意：我给他写了一封信，表达了对他关怀体贴的感激之情。appreciation表示“感谢”；例如：We showed our appreciation with flowers.我们用鲜花表示谢意。,10succeed (v.)1)(in doing sth.)达到目地；实现目标；办到；做到He succeeded in getting the job.他成功谋得了那份工作。2)(in
33、 sth.)|(as sth.)成功；有成就；有作为Our plan has succeeded.我们的计划成功了。,3)接替；继任；随后出现Who succeeded Churchill?接替邱吉尔的是谁？Their early success was succeeded by a period of miserable failure.他们起初获得成功，但随后有一段惨痛失败的时期。4)(to sth.) 继承She succeeded to the throne in 1558.她于1558年继承王位。,知识拓展,牛刀小试翻译句子(1)Nothing succeeds like succe
34、ss._(2)After he succeeded his father as the king of the country, he succeeded in dealing with the economic crisis. And 30 years later his son will succeed to the throne._,答案：(1)一事成；百事顺。(2)他接替他的父亲当上国王之后，成功地处理了经济危机。30年后，他儿子将会继承王位。,11secure (adj.)1)(of sth.)可靠的；牢靠的；稳固的She has a secure job in the Civil
35、Service.她在政府部门有一份稳定的工作。2)(about/as to sth.)安心的；有把握的At last they were able to feel secure about/as to the future.他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。3)(against/from sth.)安全的；稳妥的When youre insured, youre secure against loss.只要买了保险就不会遭受损失。,知识拓展security (n.)U安全；平安Two guards looked after the security of the property.两个警卫看管财
36、产的安全。U保护措施；安全工作They tightened security during the presidents visit.他们在总统访问期间加强了安全防卫。,词语辨析secure, safe这两个形容词均可表示“安全的”之意。 1)secure 着重指由于环境等因素而使人产生的安全感，含可以不必担心或害怕的意味。The little boy felt secure near his parents.那小男孩在父母身边感到安心。2)safe 主要指人或物未受危险或损害。The missing child was found safe and well.失踪的孩子已经找到了， 平安无事
37、。,牛刀小试(1)It may be many years before the new company can gain a_foothold in the market.Asure BcloseCsafe Dsecure答案：D题意：也许要经过若干年这家新公司才能在市场上取得稳固的立足点。,(2)The plane crashed but the crew are_.Asecure BsoundCsafe Dcautious答案：C题意：那架飞机失事了， 但机组人员都安然无恙。,12employ(v.)1)sb.(as sth.)雇佣Our company employed about o
38、ne hundred people.我们公司雇佣了大约一百人。For the three years he has been employed as a firefighter.三年来他一直受雇担当消防员。2)使用；利用How do you employ your spare time?你是怎样利用你的空余时间的？Why didnt you employ the new method?你们为什么不采用那个新方法呢？,知识拓展1)be employed in doing sth. 从事于，忙于(做某事)The children were employed in weeding the garde
39、n.孩子们忙着给花园除草。2)employ oneself (in) doing从事于，时间花在The children employed themselves in painting.孩子们忙于画画儿。,牛刀小试The police had to_force to break up the crowd.Aengage BemployCapply Dput答案：B题意：警察不得不使用武力驱散人群。,13harma)U 伤害；损伤It wouldnt do him any harm to work a bit harder.工作努力点对他没什么害处。He may not be able to h
40、elp but theres no harm in asking him.他可能帮不了忙， 但是求他一下倒也无妨。,b)(v.) 伤害；损害There was a traffic accident in this street, but no one was harmed.这街上发生了交通事故，但没有人受伤。Hot water will harm the plants.热水会伤害花草。,知识拓展1)do harm to sb./sth.对有害The drought did a lot of harm to the crops.干旱给庄稼带来许多危害。2)come to harm受到损害；遭到不
41、幸Ill go with her to make sure she comes to no harm.我要和她同去以免她受到伤害。3)mean no harm 没有恶意He says what he thinks, but he means no harm.他想到什么说什么，但是他没有恶意。,牛刀小试翻译句子(1)The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good._(2)The accident could have been much worse; luckily no harm was done._,答案：(1)他们的治疗反而使
42、他的病更重。(2)这次事故本来可能糟糕得多；所幸没有造成伤害。,.短语精讲1in danger 在危险之中We should stay calm in danger.我们在危险的时候应该保持冷静。You must keep sight of one fact：your life is in danger.有一件事你必须明白， 你有生命危险。,知识拓展1)in danger of有的危险You are in danger of catching a cold if you dont take any medicine.如果你不吃药的话， 就有感冒的危险。2)out of danger 脱离危险H
43、e is now out of danger.他现在已经脱离危险了。,3)at risk 有危险The disease is spreading, and all young children are at risk/in danger.疾病正在蔓延，所有的小孩都有危险。4)at the risk of(with danger of)冒着的危险She saved my life at the risk of losing her own.她冒着生命危险救了我的命。,词语辨析be dangerous, be in danger1)be dangerous 表示主语是“危险的”，可能对别人或其他事物构成危害。Shooting off firecrackers can be dangerous.放爆竹有可能导致危险。2)be in danger表示主语处在危险之中，反义词为be out of danger，意为“脱离危险”。The girls life was obviously in immediate danger.很明显，这女孩的生命危在旦夕。,
