1、.词汇过关1_n. 审判；审讯；试验2_n. 根据；证据3_vi. 爆炸_n.4_n. 入口_(反义词)n. 出口5_vi 下沉；沉下_(过去式)_(过去分词)6_adj. 非正式的_(反义词)7_vi. 争论；辩论_n.,答案：1.trial2.evidence3.explode; explosion4.entrance; exit5.sink; sank/sunk; sunk/sunken6.informal; formal7.debate; debate,.短语自查1rather than_2think highly of_3to ones surprise_4the entrance
2、to_5write down_6do with_7take turns_答案：1.(宁愿)而不是2.看重；高度赞扬3.让某人吃惊的是4.的入口5.写下；记下6.处理7.轮流,.句式翻译1In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe._2I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room._3Nor do I think they should give it to any government._,
3、答案：1在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。2我高度赞扬那些在寻找琥珀屋的人。3我也不认为他们就该将琥珀屋交给哪个政府。,.单词突破1trial (n.)1)C & U 审问； 审讯； 审理； 审判The trial lasted four days.审判持续了四天。2)C & U(对能力、质量、性能等的)试验， 试用Well, Ive never used one before but Im willing to give it a trial.哦，以前我还没用过，不过我愿意试用一下。3)C(to sb.)令人伤脑筋的事；惹麻烦的人；考验Her child is a t
4、rial to his teachers.她的孩子让老师很伤脑筋。,知识拓展1)go on/stand(ones)trial (for sth.)因受审判She went on/stood trial for murder.她因涉及谋杀罪而受审。2)on trial在试验中(在试用中，经试验后，作为试验)The product is on trial in our laboratory.该产品正在由我们实验室做测试。3)trial and error 反复试验；不断摸索Children learn to use computer programs by trial and error.儿童们通
5、过反复摸索才能学会运用计算机程序。,牛刀小试翻译句子(1)He was brought to trial on charges of arson._(2)I lost the instruction book and so I had to find out how to use the machine by trial and error._,答案：(1)他以纵火罪被送到法院审理。bring to trial表示“审判某人；审理(案件等)”。(2)我把说明书丢失了，结果只得通过不断摸索才弄懂怎样使用这部机器。trial and error 表示“反复试验；不断摸索”。,2evidence (
6、n.)1)U(of/for sth.)|(that.)|(to suggest, show, etc.) 根据；证据； 证明A scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory.科学家必须提出证据以支持其理论。Have you any evidence to support this statement?你这种说法有根据吗？,2)U (法庭上的)证据；人证；物证There wasnt enough evidence to prove him guilty.没有充分的证据证明他有罪。His statement to the police
7、 was used in evidence against him.他对警方说的话已用作指控他的证据。,知识拓展1)(be)in evidence 显眼；显而易见Hes the sort of man who likes to be very much in evidence at important meetings.他是非常喜欢在重大会议上出风头的那种人。2)on the evidence of sth.用某事物作为证据On the evidence of their recent matches, its unlikely the Spanish team will win the cu
8、p in the tournament.从西班牙队最近的比赛情况来看， 他们难以在这一锦标赛中夺标。,3)give/show/bear evidence of 证明，说明，表明The house gives no evidence of having been occupied.这所房子没有住过人的迹象。4)give evidence作证， 提出证据,牛刀小试(2010孝感高中高一期末)The successful launch of Shenzhou VII is a powerful_to our countrys achievements.AevidenceBreceptionCentr
9、ance Ddesign答案：A考查名词。题意：神七的成功发射是我们国家成就的有力证据。evidence“证据”；reception“接待，招待”； entrance“入口”； design“设计”。,3explode (v.)1)爆炸；爆破；爆裂The firework exploded in his hand.那个爆竹在他手里响了。The bomb was timed to explode during the rushhour.炸弹选在人最多时爆炸。,2)(into/with sth.) 勃然(大怒)；大发(雷霆)；突然发生(危险)Suddenly Charles exploded wi
10、th anger.查尔斯勃然大怒。She exploded into loud laughter.她突然大笑起来。,词语辨析explode, burst, blow up这些动词(词组)均有“爆炸、爆发”之意。1)explode指物体爆炸而释放大量热能的一刹那。用于炸弹等“爆炸”或“使炸弹等爆炸”。When the boiler exploded many people were injured.因锅炉爆炸，许多人受了伤。2)burst强调爆炸能量的突然释放和力量的突然迸发；含有突然分开的意思，尤指由于内部压力，各自分散开。The child burst the balloon with a
11、pin.那个孩子用别针把气球戳破了。3)blow up 表示“人”用炸药去“炸毁”楼房等物体。,牛刀小试采用explode, burst, blow up的适当形式填空：(1)After ten days of rain the river_its banks.(2)The terrorists are threatening to_the hijacked airliner.(3)The citys population has_in the last few years.(4)They had planned to_the bridge but their bombs failed to_
12、.,答案：(1)burst题意：下了十天雨后河堤决口了。(2)blow up题意：恐怖分子扬言要炸毁劫持的客机。(3)exploded题意：在最近几年里这个城市的人口急剧增加。explode表示“突增；激增”。(4)blow up; explode题意：他们原本计划炸掉这座桥，但炸弹没有爆炸。,4entrance (n.)1)C(to/of sth.)大门(口)；入口(处)We used the back entrance to/of the building.我们是从大楼的后门入口走进去的。2)C, usually sing.(of sth.)进入；出场；登场His sudden entra
13、nce took everyone by surprise.他的突然出场使所有的人都感到意外。3)U(to sth.)进入权；进入机会They were refused entrance to the theater.他们被拒于戏院大门之外。,4)U(to sth.)(俱乐部、社团、大学等的)准许加入；进入许可Entrance into college was a great event in my life.进大学是我一生中的一件大事。,牛刀小试翻译句子(1)The entrance to the cave was hidden by trees._(2)He supported that
14、countrys entrance into the European Community._答案：(1)洞穴的入口被树丛遮掩。(2)他支持那个国家加入欧洲共同体。,5sink (v.)1)(在水/泥里等)下沉；下陷；沉没My feet sank into the wet mud.我的两只脚陷入泥中。2)下沉；下陷；沉降The moon sank behind the clouds.月亮在云层后面落下去了。3)降低；减少；减弱The flames sank down at last.火势终于减弱了。,4)倒下；坐下She fainted and sank to the ground.她昏倒在地
15、上。,知识拓展1)ones heart sinks 心沉了下去(表示突然感到惊恐、兴奋等)My heart sank when I saw how much work there was left.我看到还有那么多活没干时，心顿时沉了下去。2)sink to 堕落到I did not imagine that you would sink to cheating.我没想到你会堕落到去行骗。,词语辨析sink，drop, fall这些动词都表示“落下，下降”之意。1)sink指在空气或水中垂直下降、下沉。The ship hit a rock and sank.船触礁下沉了。2)drop指物体从
16、一定高度落下。A flower pot dropped from his balcony.一个花盆从他家阳台落下。,3)fall与drop同义，指突然或猛烈地降落，但fall也可指任何下落，与高度或形式无关。The apples have fallen from the tree.苹果从树上掉下来。,牛刀小试(2008安徽，23)Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank_a chair.Aon BoffCinto Dto答案：C题意为“弗雷德没敲门就进来了，并气喘吁吁地一屁股坐在了椅子上”。本题在A、C之间选择，表达
17、“陷入”之意应用sink into。,6debatea) v.1)(尤指正式)讨论；辩论We debated on the question till late into the night.我们就这个问题辩论到深夜。Were just debating what to do next.我们正讨论下一步该做什么事。,2)(with oneself) 仔细考虑；思考；盘算I am debating with myself whether I should accept the gift.我正在考虑是否应该接受这礼物。He debated buying a new car, but didnt i
18、n the end.他思量很久是否买辆新汽车， 但最后还是没买。b) n.1)C & U(on/about/over sth.)(在公众集会或议会里就某问题进行的，常以表决结束的)辩论The motion under debate(being discussed) was put to a vote.辩论中的动议已付诸表决。,2)(各自发表不同意见的)争论；辩论；讨论We had long debates at college about politics.我们上大学时曾长时间地辩论政治问题。,词语辨析debate, argue, discuss, quarrel, reason这些动词均含“
19、辩论，争论，说理”之意。1)debate 正式的，常常是公开的争论； 指辩论者站在各自的立场公开争论一个问题。The candidates agreed to debate the campaign issues face to face.候选人都同意就竞选问题进行面对面的辩论。,2)argue 指提出理由或事实，试图在争辩中说服对方，或促使他人拥护自己倡导的理由或观点。The plan for which we had argued turned out to be a great success.我们曾为之辩论的那项计划最后大为成功。3)discuss 涉及对某一问题交换意见并仔细检查。M
20、en are never so likely to settle a question rightly as when they discuss it freely.只有在自由讨论下人们才最有可能解决问题。,4)quarrel 强调敌意，常指友好关系的终止。Theres no point in quarrelling about the past.为过去的事而争吵是没有用的。5)reason指据理力争以说服对方或求得对问题作更深入的研究。I reason in this way on/about the matter.关于此事我从这方面思考。,牛刀小试采用debate, argue, disc
21、uss, quarrel或 reason的适当形式填空：(1)We were_because we both wanted to use the car.(2)They_the question openly.(3)They sat around a table，_the plan.(4)He_that the boy should not go on the voyage alone.(5)I_him out of selling his house.,答案：(1)quarrelling题意：我们当时正在吵架，因为两人都想用那辆汽车。(2)debated题意：他们公开辩论这个问题。(3)di
22、scussing题意：他们围桌坐着讨论计划。(4)argued题意：他争辩说这孩子不应该一个人去远航。(5)reasoned/argued题意：我说服他不把房子卖掉。,.短语精讲1agree with1)agree(with sb.)(about/on sth.)同意；赞成I dont agree with Jane on many things.我和简在许多事情上意见不一致。I quite agree with what you said/your words/opinion/decision/view.我很赞成你所说的话/看法/决定/观点。,2)与相符，一致His words doesnt
23、 agree with his action.他言行不一致。The witnesses statements just dont agree with each other.几个证人的陈述并不一致。,3)气候、食物等适合Something that he had eaten did not agree (disagreed) with him.他吃了什么东西，觉得不舒服。The climate does not agree with me.气候对我不适宜。,知识拓展1)agree to同意(计划、建议、安排、条件等)(to为介词)To tell the truth, I dont agree
24、to your plan/proposal/arrangement/program/suggestion/terms/idea.老实讲，我不同意你的计划/建议/安排/计划/建议/条件/主意。,同意做某事(to为不定式符号)To my disappointment, my father doesnt agree to buy me a new bike.我父亲不同意给我买新自行车， 我很失望。2)agree on/upon/about就取得一致意见；在方面双方达成协议We finally agreed on a price for the house.我们最后商定了房子的价格。We agree
25、about some books and disagree about others.对有些书我们的意见一致，对另一些则不一致。,牛刀小试(1)We agreed_here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.Ahaving metBmeetingCto meet Dto have met答案：C题意：我们同意在此见面，但迄今为止她还没有出现。agree to do sth.表示“同意做”。,(2)The manager has_to improve the working conditions in the company.Aaccepted Ballowe
26、dCpermitted Dagreed答案：D题意：经理已经同意改善公司的工作条件。agree to do sth.表示“同意做”。,(3)I like mushrooms but unfortunately they dont_me.Aagree with Bagree onCagree to Ddisagree with答案：A题意：我喜欢吃蘑菇， 可惜吃了难受。agree with表示“气候、食物等适合”。,2think highly of sb./sth. 对某人/物评价高；极其赞赏某人/物The teacher thinks very highly of Franks work.老师
27、认为弗兰克的功课非常好。Liu Xiang is very highly thought of in China.刘翔在中国得到很高的评价。,知识拓展1)think poorly/little/not much of sb./sth. 对某人/物评价不高I dont think much of her idea.我认为她的主意不怎么样。2)think (the) better of sb.对某人有较高的评价She has behaved appallinglyI must say I thought better of her.她的行为太恶劣了，看来我过去是高看了她。,3)think noth
28、ing of sth./of doing sth. 不把当一回事；对等闲视之；觉得无所谓She thinks nothing of walking thirty miles a day.她认为一天步行30英里不足为奇。4)speak highly of 称赞Your boss speaks very highly of your work.你的老板对你的工作称颂备至。5)high praise 高度赞扬，大为赞扬This doctor received high praise from everyone.这位医生受到所有人的高度赞扬。,牛刀小试(2010北京朝阳区高一上期末)His boss
29、has always thought_of him because he is a person of ability.Ahighly Bdeeply Cwidely Dstrongly答案：A题意：因为他很有能力，他的老板一直高度评价他。think highly of“高度评价”。,.句式点击1In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。,知识剖析which eyewitnesses to believe
30、 以及which not to believe属于“疑问词不定式”结构。疑问代词who, what, which 或疑问副词when, where, how, why, whether(不包含if)和不定式连用，构成一种不定式的复合结构。这种结构在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等成分，用作宾语较多，尤其是用在动词ask, consider, discuss, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see(understand), show宾语，tell, think, understand, want
31、 to know, wonder 等后面。例如：,He discovered how to open the safe.他发现了打开保险柜的方法。I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.我找到了买便宜水果的地方。When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.何时举行会议还没有决定下来。My question was how to get so many books?我的问题是怎样得到这么多书？,牛刀小试(1)(2009四川，2)He told us whether_a picnic was still
32、under discussion.Ato have BhavingChave Dhad答案：A考查“特殊疑问词不定式”作主语的用法。whether to have a picnic作宾语从句的主语，意思是“要不要举行野餐还在讨论中”。,(2)Ive worked with children before, so I know what_in my new job.Aexpected Bto expectCto be expecting Dexpects答案：B题意：我以前和孩子们一起合作过，因此我知道，在新的工作中，孩子们对我的期待是什么。本题考查“疑问词不定式”结构在句中作动词know的宾语
33、；注意：在本结构中，不定式均采用一般式，不能采用进行式或被动式。,(3)There are five pairs_， but Im at a loss which to buy.Ato be chosen Bto choose fromCto choose Dfor choosing答案：B题意：有5双鞋子可供选择，但是我不知道该选择哪一双。根据Im at a loss which to buy.可知：有五双鞋子可供选择，而不是选择五双，所以须在to choose后加介词from. 注意：动词不定式短语to choose from在句中作定语，修饰pairs。,(4)Therere so ma
34、ny kinds of taperecorders on sale that I cant make up my mind_to buy.Awhat BwhichChow Dwhere答案：B题意：磁带录音机的种类如此繁多，以至于我无法决定买哪一款。本题考查“疑问词不定式”结构在句中担任make up ones mind的宾语。当限定选择范围时，用which不用what。,(5)When and where to build the new factory_yet.Ais not decided Bare not decidedChas not decided Dhave not decide
35、d答案：A题意：何时何地建造新工厂还没有被决定下来。本题考查“疑问词不定式”结构在句中作主语，由于概念一致，谓语动词用单数。谓语部分采用has not been decided也可以。,(6)Last summer I took a course on_.Ahow to make dressesBhow dresses be madeChow to be made dressesDhow dresses to be made答案：A题意：去年夏天，我学习了一门如何做衣服的课程。本题考查“疑问词不定式”结构在句中作介词on的宾语。,2.Nor do I think they should giv
36、e it to any government.我还认为他们不必把它交给任何政府部门。知识剖析neither, nor等位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。例如：He cannot find anyone now, nor does he expect to find anyone in the future.现在他找不到任何人，以后也别梦想找到任何人。If he wont go, neither will she.若他不去，她也不去。,The first one was not good, neither was the second (one)第一个不好，第二个也不好。知识拓展1)否定的并列结
37、构为两个以上时，用nor。He cant do it, nor can I, nor can you, nor can anybody.他不能做这事，我也不能，你也不能，任何人都不能。2)neither可以用作副词，与and, so等连用；nor不可以。Just as you would not, so neither would they.正如你们不愿意一样，他们也不会答应的。,牛刀小试(1)(2009山东，30)Poor Steve! I could hardly recognize him just now! _. He has changed so much.ANever mind B
38、No problem CNot at all DMe neither 答案：D本题考查交际用语，根据He has changed so much可知选D。Me neither在这儿相当于Neither could I我也没认出来。,(2)(2008辽宁，35)Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and_.AI was neither Bneither was ICI was either Deither was I答案：B考查句式。“neither/nor倒装句”表示“另外一个人也不”。题意：比尔对杰森晚交报告感到不
39、悦，我也不高兴杰森这么做。,(3)(2007全国，11)If Joes wife wont go to the party，_.Ahe will either Bneither will heChe neither will Deither he will答案：B题意：如果乔的妻子不参加聚会，他也不会参加。本题考查neither/nor引导的倒装句；该结构表示前边所说的情况也同样适合于后者。,(4)Mary never does any reading in the evening，_.Aso does John BJohn does tooCJohn doesnt too Dnor does
40、 John答案：D题意：玛莉晚上从来不读书，约翰也一样。“否定词nor情态动词或助动词等(另一个)主语”，表示前边所说的情况也同样适合于后者。,(5)I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!_.ANor am I BNeither would ICSame with me DSo do I答案：B题意：“我永远不会再来这家餐厅了。饭菜糟透了！”“我也不会再来了。”本题考查neither/nor引导的倒装句；该结构表示前边所说的情况也同样适合于后者。,(6)Of the making of good bo
41、oks there is no end; neither_any end to their influence on mans lives.Athere is Bthere areCis there Dare there答案：C题意：优秀书籍的创作是无限的，它们对人们生活的影响也是无限的。表示否定意义的词或词组放在句首，句子要采用完全倒装语序。,(7)Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?I dont know，_.Anor dont I careBnor do I careCI dont care neitherDI dont care also答案：B题意：“你知道吉姆与他的兄弟吵架这件事吗？”“我不知道，我也不关心。”,
