1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修3(通用本),Astronomy：the science of the stars,Unit 4,第三课时Using Language,Unit 4,.单词速记1_(n.)万有引力；重力2_(n.)卫星；人造卫星3_(n.)气候4_(vi.& vt.)碰撞；坠落5_(n.)宇宙飞船6_(n.& vt.)拉(力)；拖；牵引力,gravity,satellite,climate,crash,spaceship,pull,7_(vi.& vt.)(使)浮动；(使)漂浮(n.)漂浮物8_(n.)生物学_(n.)生物学家9_(adj.)温和的；
2、文雅的gently(adv.)温和地10_(n.)物理学家_(n.)物理学physical (adj.)物理的；物理学的；体力的,float,biology,biologist,gentle,physicist,physics,.短语互译1挡住(光线)_2突发；爆发 _3cheer up _4now that _5watch out for _,block out,break out,感到高兴；感到振奋,既然,密切注意；当心；提防,.完成句子1上个月，我有幸得到一个机会和我的朋友李彦平，一位天文学家，一起到太空旅行。Last month I _ make a trip into space w
3、ith my friend Li Yanping，an astronomer.(.enough to.足够以至于可以),2当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us，but it will not be _ the earths. (as.as.和一样)3但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。But when I tried to step forward，I found I w
4、as carried _ on the earth and fell over.(as结构的倍数表达法),4既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。Walking _ a bit of practice _. (do强调结构；now that从句)答案：1.was lucky enough to have a chance to2.as strong a pull as3.twice as far as4.does need; now that gravity has changed,.课文理解Step 1Fast ReadingScan the passage and then choo
5、se the best answers according to the passage.1The passage mainly talks about _.Awhat the moon isBmy visit to the moonCthe differences between the earth and the moonDLi Yanping, my friend, who is an astronaut,2When we were going up, we felt _.Awe were pressed against our seatsBwe were lighter than we
6、 are on the earthCas if we were flyingDthe rocket was shaking strongly3Why cant the spaceship fall back to the earth?ABecause the moons gravity pulls it up.BBecause it is too far away from the earth.CBecause the earth has no gravity.DBecause the spaceship is not very heavy.,4When I was on the moon I
7、 felt I was _ than I am on the earth.AslowerBheavierCclevererDlighter5If a baby is growing on the moon, when he grows up, he will grow _ than he is on the earth.AtallerBshorterCfatterDthinner,Step 2Careful ReadingRead the passage and try to find the topic sentence of each paragraph.Paragraph 1：_Para
8、graph 2：_Paragraph 3：_Paragraph 4：_,答案：Step 115BABDAStep 2Paragraph 1：We visited the moon in our spaceship!Paragraph 2：Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me . the most powerful.Paragraph 3：When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately.Paragraph 4：But returning to the earth was very frighte
9、ning.,1.crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落Other scientists believe that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance.其他科学家认为很久以前彗星与地球相撞导致(恐龙)灭绝。All the glasses came crashing onto the floor.所有的杯子哗啦一声摔碎在地上。,归纳拓展crash vi.(商业)破产，失败；(政府)垮台n相撞(事故)；(飞机的)坠毁，迫降；撞击声，爆裂声He witnessed a serious car cras
10、h today.Two cars crashed into each other and let out a loud crash.今天他目睹了一起严重的撞车事故。两辆车撞在了一起，发出了很大的爆裂声。,活学活用英汉互译。我看见一个物体从天空中坠落下来。_Look! The front part of the car is now totally out of shape due to the crash._,单项填空。(2014郑州高一检测)When I saw the cars _ on the road, a frightened feeling flashed across my mi
11、nd.AcrashBbreakChitDbeat答案：I saw an object crash down from the sky.瞧！因为撞车，这辆车的前部现在已经完全变形了。A考查动词词义辨析。crash“相撞”，与句意相符。break“中断，打破”；hit“击，打”；beat“(连续)敲打”。从语境和动词的含义及搭配判断选A。,2pull(a)v.(1)拉；拖；扯You push and Ill pull.你推；我拉。She pulled the drawer open.她拉开了抽屉。(2)吸引The basketball game pulled a great crowd.这场篮球赛
12、吸引了一大群人。,(b)n.(1)拖；拉；扯One more pull will bring the car out of the ditch.再拉一下就能把汽车从沟里拉出来。He gave my hair a pull.他拉了一下我的头发。(2)吸引The pull of the city was hard to resist.都市的魅力难以抗拒。,归纳拓展pull off 脱(衣、帽等)pull through 康复；完成；使渡过难关pull on 匆忙穿戴(袜子、手套等)pull in (火车)进站；(船)靠岸；驶向路边停靠pull out 离站；抽出，取出pull down 拆毁(建筑
13、物)；贬低(人),The train has already pulled in.火车已经进站了。Pull off your gloves quickly.快摘下你的手套。I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom.我拿出手机读妈妈发的短信。,巧学助记pull的近义词为：drag；反义词：push。,活学活用用适当的介词或副词填空。The train has pulled _， and the passengers are boarding it now.Daddy and I ran quickly towards her
14、, and pulled her _.,单项填空。(2014马鞍山高一检测)Is there any hope of saving his life?His injuries are extremely serious, but hes expected to _.Apull inBpull throughCpull onDpull down,答案：inoutB考查动词短语辨析。句意：还有希望救他的命吗？他的伤太重了，但是他还有希望康复。pull through“康复”，符合句意。pull in“吸引，(火车)进站”；pull on“匆忙穿戴”；pull down“拆毁(建筑物)”。,3flo
15、at v.(1)浮动；漂浮；飘动；飘移Beautiful music came floating out of the window.美妙的乐声从窗口传出。(2)浮；漂浮A plastic bag was floating in the water.一个塑料袋在水中漂浮。(3)使浮动；使漂流We waited for the tide to float the boat off the sandbank.我们等待涨潮，让潮水把船浮起离开沙滩。,(4)轻盈走动；飘然移动She floated down the steps to greet us.她轻盈地下楼来迎接我们。,活学活用汉译英。没有足够
16、深的水使船漂浮起来。_空气中漂浮有许多灰尘。_答案：There wasnt enough water to float the ship.There is much dust floating in the air.,4.block out挡住(光线)；涂抹As a result of this event，a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.因此，天空中形成的大量灰尘层阻挡住了太阳光线。We put a piece of cloth across the window to block out the
17、sunlight.我们把一块布横挂在窗子上遮住阳光。,归纳拓展block off (用路障)封锁，堵住；阻挡block up 塞住；封住(孔、洞)block ones way 挡住某人的去路No road has been blocked off by the police when our president inspects any city.当我们的总统视察任何城市时，不用警察封锁任何道路。A huge stone blocked the drivers way，so he had to find another one.一块巨石挡住了司机的路，他只好另找出路。,活学活用用block的适
18、当短语填空。That wall _ all the light.Youd better _ that hole in the wall; its letting the cold in.The police _ the street where the gunman was hiding.答案：blocks outblock upblocked off,5cheer up感到高兴；感到兴奋；高兴起来；振奋起来Guo Chuan cheered up after completing a world sailing.完成环球航行后，郭川感到很高兴。When Im feeling sad my m
19、other tells me funny stories to cheer me up.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。,归纳拓展(1)cheer.on 为鼓气；向喝彩(2)cheering adj.能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的(3)cheers (用于祝酒)干杯；再见Cheers，my friends.干杯，朋友们。,巧学助记感到高兴的cheer,活学活用用cheer的适当词性或短语填空。这个令人鼓舞的消息使得这个男孩高兴起来，他的父母也感到高兴。The _ news made the boy _，which mad
20、e his parents _ too.我们所做的是给我们的队加油。What we had done was to _.,单项填空。If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters.Abeing cheeredBbe cheeredCto be cheeredDwere cheered答案：cheering; cheerful; cheer upcheer our team onC考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他们今晚赢了决赛，所有
21、队员就去参加由热情的支持者为庆祝他们胜利而举行的环城旅游。由于比赛结果还不可知，所以这只是一个将来的打算，所以用动词不定式的被动式表示将来。A、B、D三项均不能表示将来的意义，所以只能选C。,6now that既然Now that there is a new tunnel，the road is less dangerous.既然有了一个新的隧道，这条路就不那么危险了。名师点拨(1)now that“既然”，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，其中的that可以省略。(2)引导原因状语从句的其他连词：since，because，considering(that)，in that，as等。No
22、w(that) it benefits us so much，why not have a try?既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不试一试呢？,活学活用完成句子。既然你已经决定去做，那么你就应该把它做好。_，you should do it well.既然这个问题已经解决，让我们进入下一个吧。_，lets come to the next.,单项填空。Why not change your mind _ you have found that there is something wrong with your plan?Asince thenBnow thatConly ifDso lon
23、g答案：Now that you have decided to do itNow that the problem has been settledB句意：既然你发现了你的计划有问题，为什么不改变主意呢？now that“既然”，引导原因状语从句。,7break out突发；爆发We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。名师点拨不被动的break outbreak out强调
24、战争、疾病、火灾等的突然爆发，一般不用于被动语态。,After a fire broke out in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁。归纳拓展break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；垮下来；分解break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)break into 强行闯入；突然起来break away from 脱离；挣脱The computer broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.当他在电脑上查找信息时，
25、电脑突然出故障了。,巧学助记图记break短语,活学活用用break的适当短语填空。A fighting _ between the two sides.The thief _ my house and stole my money.Our plans have _ due to the bad management.The prisoner _ the policemen and escaped.,单项填空。When the fire _， many people were shopping in the supermarket.Abroke outBput outCcame outDgot
26、 out(2013福建，28)Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks _in disasters.Aturn down Bturn outCbreak downDbreak out,答案：broke outbroke intobroken downbroke away fromA考查动词短语辨析。句意：当火灾发生时，很多人正在超市里购物。break out“(战争、火灾、疾病等的)突然发生”；put out“熄灭，扑灭”；come out“出现，露出，长出”；get out“泄露，被人知道”。C考查动词短语辨析。句意：当无线网络在灾难
27、中出故障的时候，老式手机就派上用场了。break down(机器等)坏了，出毛病了，(人)身体垮了，失败，分解；turn down(将音量等)调低，拒绝；turn out结果是，证明是；break out爆发，突然发生。,8watch out for密切注意；当心；提防Youll be cheated if you dont watch out.你如果不提防会受骗的。Watch out for the haze；it may do great harm to us.当心这种雾霾天气，它可能对我们造成很大损害。,归纳拓展(1)watch over 照看；看守(2)look out 注意；当心ta
28、ke care 注意；当心be careful 注意；当心keep a watch 守望；注视There must have been an angel watching over me that day.那天一定有个天使在照看着我。,活学活用一句多译。你必须提防野兽(wild animal)。_(watch v)_(watch n)单项填空。While crossing the street, please _ for the coming cars.Awatch outBtake careCwatch overDbe careful,答案：You must watch out for wi
29、ld animals.You must keep a good watch for wild animals.A句意：过马路时，要留心来往的车辆。watch out“注意，当心”，与介词for连用；take care与be careful后面多与不定式连用；watch over“照看”，为及物动词短语。,9.Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.上个月，我有幸得到一个机会和我的朋友李彦平，一位天文学家，一起
30、到太空旅行。(1)此句为复杂的简单句。(2)名词短语an astronomer在句中作my friend Li Yanping的同位语。,(3)而句中.enough to.是一个固定句式，意为“足够以至于可以”。enough往往放在它所修饰的形容词或副词之后，动词不定式用作结果状语。His family is not rich enough to afford the expensive tuition.他的家庭不够富有来支付高昂的学费。,活学活用完成句子。There were 20 students chosen to go abroad to study，and I _ be one of
31、 them.有二十个学生被选出到国外学习，我很幸运地成为其中一个。I dont know him well _.我和他不够熟，不便请他帮忙。答案：was lucky enough toenough to ask him for help,10When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(1)这是一个含有连词but的并
32、列句；第一分句中含有when引导的时间状语从句；第二分句中含有“as.as.”句式。,(2)as.as.意为“像一样”，此结构用于否定可用“not as/so .as.”；和单数可数名词连用时，常用“adj.a/an名词as”。They dont work as/so hard as those in that class.他们不如那个班的学生勤奋。He is as clever a boy as his brother.他和他的哥哥一样是个聪明的男孩。,活学活用对比填空。Mary is _ Daisy.玛丽和戴西一样漂亮。Mary is _ Daisy.玛丽和戴西一样是个漂亮的女孩。答案：a
33、s beautiful asas beautiful a girl as,11But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。(1)此句为主从复合句，其中when引导时间状语从句；主句谓语found之后的宾语从句省略连接词that。(2)twice as far as.为倍数表达形式，意为“是的两倍远”；as far as.意为“远到”。Zheng He sailed a
34、s far as Madagascar off the coast of Southeast Africa.郑和航海远达非洲东南海岸旁的马达加斯加岛。,归纳拓展倍数表达法(1)倍数(a quarter, half, twice, three times, etc.)as. as.；倍数as much/many名词asThis bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座桥的三倍。Your room is twice as large as mine.你的房间是我的两倍大。He received three times as many
35、presents as he had expected.他收到的礼物是他预料的三倍。,(2)倍数adj./adv.的比较级than；倍数more名词thanAsia is three times larger than Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。(3)倍数the size/length/width/depth/height/amount of.This river is a quarter the length of that one.这条河是那条河的四分之一长。,(4)倍数whatclauseThe production now is three times what it was t
36、en years ago.现在的产量是10年前的三倍。(5).by倍数.Compared with that of last year, our coal output has increased by 3 times.与去年相比，我们的煤产量增长了3倍。,活学活用单项填空。My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice_expensive.AasBsoCtooDvery 答案：A考查倍数的表达法。句意：“我叔叔在闹市区的房子比我们的小很多，但是价钱却是我们的两倍”。“A倍数asad
37、j./adv.as B”是其中一种，此处expensive后面省略了as ours。,According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman.A. than B. suchC. so D. as答案：D考查了倍数的表达方法。即“倍数asadj./adv.as”句意为“根据统计数据，男性死于皮肤癌的可能性比女性大二倍还要多。”,Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost_his.Aas much tw
38、ice as Btwice as much as Cmuch as twice as Das twice much as 答案：B考查倍数的用法。正确的顺序为：倍数as形容词或副词as。,.单项填空1(2014济南高一检测)I hate it when it rains._！ It will be sunny tomorrow.ACheer up BToo badCNo way DIm sorry答案：A考查交际用语。由答语的第二句可以看出，这里是在鼓励对方振作起来，所以用cheer up。句意：我讨厌下雨天。振作起来！明天就是晴天了。,2(2014厦门高一检测) With the weath
39、er becoming hotter and hotter, we need curtains to _ the sunshine.Ablock up Bblock outCbreak out Dbreak up答案：B句意：随着天气变得越来越热，我们需要窗帘来挡住阳光。block up“塞住”；block out“挡住(光线)”；break out“战争、火灾、疾病等”突然发生”；break up“解散，分手”。,3(2014宿州高一检测)What did the shopkeeper say when you said the sweater was too expensive?She s
40、aid the sweater of this kind in other shops might be cheaper but _.Anot so better Btoo worseCnot good as Dnot as good答案：D考查比较级。so不能和比较级连用，排除A；too不能修饰比较级，排除B；C项的语序不对；not as good是比较级的省略形式，补全后为：but is not as good as the sweater in her shop。,4What does the model plane look like?The wings of the plane ar
41、e _ of its body.Amore than the length twice Btwice more than the lengthCmore than twice the length Dmore twice than the length答案：C句意：那个飞机模型是什么样子的？机翼的长度比机身长度的两倍还要长。more than多于，应放在倍数前，排除B、D两项；再由倍数表达法“倍数the表度量的名词of”短语可知，选C。,5(2014哈尔滨高一检测)It was not until then _ their relationship was _ because they had
42、 quarreled with each other several times.Adid I realize; breaking outBthat I realized; breaking upCdid I realize; breaking upDthat I realized; breaking out答案：B考查强调句和动词短语辨析。第一个空考查强调句型中的that，这里不用倒装；第二个空考查break up“破裂”，而break out“突然爆发”，不符合句意。,6_ you have such a unique chance, you should seize it without
43、 any hesitation.AAs far as BIn caseCNow that DEven though答案：C句意：你既然有如此难得的机会，一定要毫不犹豫地抓住它。now that“既然；由于”，符合句意。as far as“远到”；in case“以防；万一”；even though“尽管；即使”。,7Mr. Wu had fought with his illness hard, but unfortunately he could not _.Apull out Bpull throughCpull up Dpull down答案：B考查pull短语。句意：吴先生与疾病做艰苦斗争，但不幸的是，他最终没有挺过来。pull out抽出，取出；pull through康复；pull up停车；pull down拆除。,
