1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修3(通用本),Festivals around the world,Unit 1,第二课时Learning about Language,Unit 1,情态动词（）,根据句意观察思考下列各句中情态动词的意义。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.(指“_”)At that time people would starve if food was difficult
2、to find, especially during the cold winter months.(指“_”),Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.(表示“_”)They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.(表示“_”)Festiva
3、ls can also be held to honour famous people.(表示“_”),Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.(表示“理论上或习惯上的_”)At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.(表示“_”)答案：过去常常过去将要猜测将要做允许可能性许可,一、情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气
4、，对某一动作或状态的某种态度，表示“需要”“可以”“应该”等意义。情态动词有以下特征：1不能单独作谓语，除ought to和used to以外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。2没有人称和数的变化。但有些情态动词，如：can, will, dare有一般现在时和过去时的变化。,3情态动词的“时态”形式并不是区分时间的主要标志，很多情况下，情态动词的现在时形式和过去时形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。二、情态动词的基本用法(一)can与could的用法1表示能力(could是过去式)。The clever student can solve such difficult problems
5、 in a short time.这位聪明的学生能够在很短的时间内解决这样难的问题。,When she was 8 years old，she could play the piano very well.当她八岁时，她能很好地弹钢琴。2表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句(could是过去式)。Can the lady over there be our boss?在那儿的那位女士可能是我们的老板吗？It cant be her.I saw her in the office just now.不可能是她。我刚刚在办公室里看到她了。My glasses arent here.Where
6、can I have put them?我的眼镜不在这里。我可能把它们放哪儿呢？,3表示请求允许或允许，常用于第一人称或第二人称。Can/Could I use your mobile phone？(请求允许)我可以用一下你的手机吗？Of course，you can.(表示允许)当然可以。,名师点拨(1)在请求允许时，与can相比could语气更为委婉，没有时态、意义上的区别。(2)表示允许某人做某事时，用can而不用could。(3)can表示惊异、怀疑或不相信的态度，主要用于疑问句或否定句。How can you be so rude?你怎么能这么粗鲁？,易混辨析After many y
7、earshard work，he was able to achieve his goal.数年的努力之后，他(能够)实现了自己的目标。,巧学助记口诀记忆can/couldcan表能力和可以，否定、疑问(在否定句及疑问句中)表猜疑。could为can的过去式，语气比can更客气。,(二)may与might的用法1表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。以may/might开头的问句在否定回答中要用mustnt。如：You may keep the book for 2 weeks.这本书你可以看两周。May I use your telephone?我可以用你的电话吗？Yes, yo
8、u may./No, you mustnt.是的，可以。/不，不可以。,2表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能”，用于肯定句。might语气更加不肯定，指现在或将来，只有在宾语从句中might do (be)才表示过去的可能性。如：I think he may come today (tomorrow)我认为今天(明天)他可能会来。I thought you might like something to read, so I bought some books for you.我想你可能喜欢读点东西，因此我给你买了些书。,3may用于祈使句表示祝愿。如：May you have a good jo
9、urney!祝你旅行愉快！May you succeed!祝你成功！,(三)will与would的用法1表示意志、意愿。用于各种人称，will指现在，would指过去。如：I will tell you all about it.我乐意告诉你一切。She said that she would buy a car.她说她会买一辆汽车。2表示请求、建议。用于第二人称的疑问句，would表示更委婉的语气。如：Would you mind opening the window for me?请你为我打开窗户好吗？,3表示习惯性的动作，意思是“总是，习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。如：Fi
10、sh will die without water.鱼离开水总是要死的。She would sit there for hours watching ships.她过去总是坐在那里几个钟头看船。,易混辨析,(四)shall与should的用法1shall的用法。,You shall have my answer tomorrow.(第二人称陈述句，表示允许)你明天可以得到我的答复。He shall be punished.(第三人称陈述句，表示警告)他应受到惩罚。Shall we go to the theatre this evening？(疑问句，表示征求对方意见)我们今晚去看戏好吗？I
11、shall go to London next month.(表示将来)下个月我将去伦敦。,2should的用法表示劝告或建议，作“应该”讲。As a student, you should listen to your teachers.作为一名学生，你应该听老师的话。用于推测，意为“可能；按理说应该”。If the train is on time, she should arrive in Beijing by seven.如果火车准点的话，她应该7点到达北京。,(五)must的用法1表示“必须”，语气比should，ought to强烈。其否定形式为mustnt(不准，禁止)。You
12、must practise your spoken English if you want to improve.如果你想提高，就必须练习英语口语。,名师点拨以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答中要用must，否定回答中要用neednt/dont have to。Must we hand in our exercises today?我们必须今天交作业吗？Yes, you must./No, you neednt.是的，必须交。/不，不必交。,2表示有把握的肯定推测，只能用在肯定句中，意思是“一定，准是”。She must be tired after such a long walk.走了这
13、么长的路，她一定累了。You must be joking.你一定是在开玩笑吧。,3有时must表示“偏要；硬要；偏偏”，指做令人不快的事情。例如：Must you shout so loudly?你非要这么大声嚷嚷吗？If you must smoke, at least you could use an ashtray.如果你一定要吸烟，起码可以用一个烟灰缸吧。,.单项填空1The door _ open，no matter how hard she pushed.AshouldntBcouldntCwouldntDmightnt答案：C句意：无论她怎样用力推，这扇门就是不开。wouldn
14、t“不肯；不愿意”符合句意。,2Theres no light onthey _ be at home.AcantBmustntCneedntDshouldnt答案：A句意：屋里没有亮灯他们不可能在家。can表示实际的可能性时，常用于否定句和疑问句中，用于否定句时，意为“不可能”；should表推测时常表示“合乎理想的事或结果”；mustnt表“禁止”；neednt表“不必”。,3(2014兰州高一检测)Must he come to sign this paper himself?Yes, he _.AneedBmustCmayDwill答案：B句意：他必须过来亲自签署这份文件吗？是的，必须
15、。must可以表“推测”或“必须”，当表示“必须”时，简单答语也必须用must。,4Isnt that your teacher over there?No, it _ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.AcantBmust notCwontDmay not答案：Acant表示不可能；must not表示禁止；wont表示不愿或不会；may not表示可能不。根据语境及答语中的“Im sure”，表示答话人肯定那不是他老师。,5When we worked in the same office, we _ often have coffee toge
16、ther.AmightBshouldCcouldDwould答案：D句意：当我们在同一个办公室工作的时候，我们经常一起喝咖啡。would在此表过去习惯性的动作。,6A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do.AcantBcouldntCmay notDmight not答案：Acan可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句cant表示“不能，不会”。,7It _ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you hnow a lot o
17、f words.AmayBcouldntCshouldDneednt答案：B由原因状语从句可知，此处为对可能性的推测，couldt表示“不可能”。,8You _ be tiredyouve only been working for an hour.Amust notBwontCcantDmay not答案：C根据题意，这里表示“不可能”。must表推测时，常用于肯定句中，不用于否定句和疑问句中。否定句、疑问句中常用can，另外，may not表示“可能不”的意思。,9(2014沈阳高一检测)Advertisements are powerful and some companies try
18、to mislead us, so we _ be careful when reading them.AcanBmayCmustDwould答案：C句意：广告的影响是非常大的，而一些公司努力利用广告误导我们，因此我们在看广告时，一定要仔细。must“一定，必须”，符合题意。can“能够，可以”；may“可能，能够”；would“愿意，会”。,10Can I pay the bill by check?Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment _ be made in cash.AneedBwill
19、CshallDcan答案：C考查情态动词。此题中的the management rules决定答案选C。因为表根据书面规定、法律条文及合同的要求必须干某事用shall。,11(2012全国，17)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _find the money.Acan Bmight CwouldDneed答案：A本题考查情态动词。句意：如果我能弄到钱，我就和约翰一起去欧洲度假。can能够，表示能力；might可能；would将要；need需要。,12To stop the plant from exploding i
20、s challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job?_ the brave workers have a try?AShallBMustCWillDMay答案：Ashall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。,13When winter comes, _ spring be far behind?AmustBshouldCwouldDcan答案：Dmust表示推测，用于肯定的陈述句中，表示有一定事实根据的推测，意为“一定，肯定”；should表示根据常理、常规或对一般情况的推测，意为“应该会”；
21、would为will的过去式，表示过去将来时。can表示逻辑上、理论上的可能性。句意：冬天来了，春天还会远吗？为理论上的推测，应选D。,14Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course you _.AmightBwillCcanDshould答案：C原题中的could不是过去式，而是表示委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。,15(2014淮北一中高一期末)Mum, would you please buy me an iPad? If you can help do
22、the dishes the whole vacation, you _ have one as a reward. AwouldBshallCmayDmust答案：B句意：妈妈，给我买个iPad好吗？如果你能够在整个假期中帮助我洗盘子的话，你就会得到一个作为回报。shall 常用于第二、三人称主语后面表示说话人的允诺。故B正确。,.在括号内填入恰当的情态动词1Youve been working all day. You _ be very tired.2(The doorbell rings.) I wonder who that is. It _ be Lisa. Shes still
23、in the library at this time.3It is a long time since we met last time. You _ come and see us more often.4I havent decided where Im going for my holidays. I _ go to Australia.,5Who was the man talking with your teacher?Im not sure. It _ be her brother.6When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.7You _ play the piano while the baby is sleeping.8Tom, please lend me a hand. My drawer _ not open.答案：1.must2.cant3.should4.may/might5.might6would7.mustnt8.will,
