1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修1,Nelson Mandelaa modern hero,Unit 5,Section Learning about Language,Unit 5,关系副词和“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句观察思考，观察下列句子，写出黑体词(关系代词)的先行词及在定语从句中所作的成分The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.(先行词_，时间状语)We have reached a stage where we have
2、almost no rights at all.(先行词_，地点状语),The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.(先行词_，地点状语)The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.(先行词_，地点状语)It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advic
3、e.(先行词_，宾语)答案：the timea stagethe placesthe parts of townthe black lawyer,一、基础点拨(一)关系副词引导的定语从句,I still remember the day when(on which) I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。Whats the name of the place where (at which) you spent your holiday last year?去年你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？The reason why he was la
4、te for class was that he got up late.他迟到的原因是他起晚了。,(二)“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前，形成“介词关系代词”结构。关系代词通常是which和whom, which指物，whom指人。,1介词which在所引导的定语从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等。Ill never forget the days on which we studied together.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的日子。This is the town in which Shakespeare was born.这就是莎士比亚出生的城
5、镇。Can you explain the reason for which you were absent?你能解释一下你没来的原因吗？,2“名词/代词/数词介词关系代词”结构常用来表示与先行词之间的从属关系，可以用whose结构代替。Please pass me the book，the cover of which/whose cover is blue.请把那本蓝色封面的书递给我。There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。,3关系代词前介词的选
6、择。(1)看先行词与介词的搭配。The book has opened a window through which we can see a wonderful world outside. ( through the window 通过/穿过窗户)书本打开了一扇我们能够看到外面精彩世界的窗户。(2)看从句谓语动词与介词的搭配。The university from which he graduated is supposed to be one of top universities in the world. ( graduate from a university 大学毕业)他毕业的那
7、所大学被看作是世界上顶尖大学之一。,(3)看从句中形容词与介词的搭配。Her daughter has been admitted into Beijing University, of which she is very proud. (be proud of以为自豪)她女儿被北京大学录取了，为此她感到很自豪。(4)看定语从句的含义。Nowhere could he find his glasses, without which he could see nothing.他找不到眼镜了，不戴眼镜，他什么也看不见。,二、难点突破1部分“介词which”引导的定语从句可以转化为关系副词引导的定语
8、从句。(1)在定语从句中作时间状语时用when。Well never forget the days in which/when we stayed in the beautiful village.我们永远不会忘记在那美丽的乡村待过的日子。,(2)在定语从句中作地点状语时用where。The school in which/where my sister is teaching is in the charge of a young lady.我姐姐任教的那所学校由一位年轻的女士掌管。(3)在定语从句中作原因状语时用why。The reason for which/why he was ab
9、sent from class today is that he is ill.他今天没来上学的原因是他生病了。,2scene, case, point, situation, conditions等表示“情况，方面”等的名词作先行词时，在定语从句中作状语常用where引导，亦可用“介词which”结构。He had to face the conditions where/under which pressure was heavy.他必须面对压力很大的情况。The scene where/in which the bear comes at the hunter is frightenin
10、g.熊朝猎人扑来的那一幕很吓人。,3在定语从句中“介词which”结构不可以与普通关系代词或关系副词互换的情况。(1)介词which结构在定语从句中所作状语不表示时间、地点、原因时。Theres only one problem about which they disagree.仅有一个问题他们不同意。(2)有些“动词介词”短语，如look for, look after, take care of等，如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义时，介词不能提前变成“介词which”结构。This is the very book (that) I am looking for.这正是我在找的书。,名
11、师点津关系代词和关系副词的选择：(1)明确定语从句的先行词是表时间还是地点。(2)分析句子结构，明确先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。(3)分析从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则要用关系副词。,.用适当的关系词填空1I wont forget the night _ I got lost in the mountain.2He at last explained to us the reason _ he refused our offer.3This is a position _ most of us want to get.4After graduat
12、ion I would like to get a job _I can use what I have learnt at school.5At the moment _ he was announced to have won in the election，Putin couldnt keep back his tears.,导学号 01430300,6The teacher told Mary to tell us the way _she enriched her English vocabulary.7The man with _ our headmaster is shaking
13、 hands is a famous professor.8We got to know each other in the village school _ I volunteered to work for two years.9Last year I paid a visit to the college in _ I had spent four years.10I treasure the days _ I spent with my pen friends in his country.,答案：1.when2.why3.which4.where5.when6that7.whom8.
14、where9.which10that/which,.用“介词关系代词”填空1The car _ _ he paid 18,000 yuan got burnt in an accident.2I searched carefully and found the hole _ _the mouse came into my room.3This is the reason _ _ he failed to attend my birthday party.4I have lost my glasses，_ _ I cant see clearly.5The person _ _ the farm
15、ers learned a lot is an expert in farming.,导学号 01430301,6This is the book _ _ he devoted all his energy.7It is surprising that he has forgotten the person _ _he drank last night.8The cane (手杖)_ _the old man supports himself when walking is made of steel.9For several days，my telephone rang at 5 am.,
16、_ _ I was sleeping.10He has three sons, two _ _ are famous scholars.,答案：1.for which2.through which3.for which4.without which5.from whom6.to which7.with whom8with which9.at which10.of whom,.语法单句填空1.Where did you find Tom?It was in the house _ I lived last year.答案：where考查定语从句。由语境知答语是个强调句的省略句，补充完整为：It
17、was in the house where I lived last year that I found Tom.。被强调部分是地点状语in the house，后接定语从句，live是不及物动词，不需要接宾语，where在定语从句中作地点状语。,导学号 01430302,2I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.答案：when; which考查定语从句。第一个空引导定语从句修饰years，又在从句中作时间状语；第二个空引
18、导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。,3In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ whom she could turn for help.答案：to句意：在漆黑的街道上，没有一个她能求助的人。turn to sb.for help“向某人求助”，这是一个固定句式，person为先行词，定语从句部分中she为主语，whom作turn to的宾语，该句to放在了关系代词的前面，关系代词只能用whom。本句的正常语序为“In the dark street, there wasnt a single person whom she coul
19、d turn to for help”。,4I dont like the way _ he treated the old.答案：that考查关系词的使用。定语从句缺少状语。先行词way以in the way的形式在从句中作方式状语。当“way”表示“方式、方法”在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句可用that，也可用in which，或什么都不用。,5(2016天津卷，9改编)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the weather may be better答案：when考查定语从句。句意：我们
20、将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语和表语，缺少时间状语。故填关系副词when。,6When she was a small girl, her mother arranged for her to have extra classes on Saturday _ piano lessons are taught.答案：where考查定语从句。先行词为classes，定语从句piano lessons are taught不缺宾语或主语，所以先行词应该作状语，表地点用where。7Is this the scho
21、ol _ you studied twelve years ago?答案：where考查定语从句。句意：这就是你十二年前就读的那所学校吗？本句中先行词为the school，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where，相当于in which。,8“We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. ”said Mo Yan.答案：when考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是period，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，因此period应该在定语从句中作状语，与介词的搭配是in the period
22、，相当于when。9Can you think of a situation _ this expression can be used?答案：where考查关系代词的选用。在这个定语从句中this expression can be used不缺少主语和宾语，所以不可以填which和that或省略，因此断定定语从句中缺少状语，where相当于in a situation。,10We all want to know the reason _ you left without a word.答案：why考查定语从句。whyfor which，引导reason后的定语从句，在从句中作状语。句意：我们都想知道你不辞而别的原因。,
