1、bother(v.)1)sb(about/with sth)|sb to do/sb that.使(某人)烦恼(或担忧、不安)；给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦)I dont want to bother him with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。Does it bother you that she earns more than you?她比你挣的钱多，你是不是觉得不自在？It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里我便坐卧不安。,2)(with/
2、about sth)|to do sth|doing sth.花费时间或精力(做某事)You neednt bother to come to my office.你不必特地来我办公室。He didnt even bother to say thank you.他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯。Why bother asking if youre not really interested?如果你真的不感兴趣，干吗费口舌打听呢？,3)打扰；插话He comes bothering me day after day.他天天来打扰我。“Dont bother your dad. Hes got a lot
3、 to do tonight，” said Mother.妈妈说：“别打扰你爸爸。他今晚有好些事要做哩。”,【词语辨析】bother, disturb, trouble, annoy这些动词均有“使人不安或烦恼”之意。1)bother指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。The problem has been bothering me for weeks.那问题已经困扰了我几个星期。2)disturb较正式用词，多用于被动语态。指使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。Im sorry to disturb you so early.对不起，我这么早打扰你。,3)tr
4、ouble指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。Losing a little money doesnt trouble me.损失一点钱我并不在意。4)annoy强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors.他母亲因为他对邻居如此粗暴无礼而生他的气。,【知识运用】(1)(2002上海春44)Please follow you supervisors instructions, or youll_him.AdiscourageB
5、offendCdisturb Dbother答案：B本题题意：听从指导老师的教导，否则你会冒犯他。offend表示“得罪；冒犯”。,(2)Im sorry to_you, but could you tell me the way to the station?Adiscourage BannoyCignore Dbother答案：D本题题意：对不起打扰一下， 请问去车站怎么走？ bother表示“给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦)”。,(3)They were charged with_the public peace.Adisturbing BannoyingCinterrupting Dbot
6、hering答案：A本题题意：他们被指控扰乱公共治安。disturb the peace 表示“扰乱治安”。,(4) (原创)Can you help me to open this bottle? The cork wont come out._while Im reading; run away and play.AWhat for? BWhy me? CThats easy. DDont bother me.答案：D本题题意：“你能帮我弄开这个瓶子吗？软木塞怎么也拔不出来。”“我正在看书，你别来打扰我，快去玩吧。”。,1look back(on sth)回首(往事)；回忆；回顾Looki
7、ng back, I dont suppose we are any worse now than people were a hundred years ago.看一看过去，我不认为我们比100年前的人更坏。She can look back on her career with great satisfaction.她回顾自己的经历觉得心满意足。,【知识拓展】1)look into 调查；审查Were looking into the reasons for the fire in your house.我们在调查你们的房子发生火灾的原因。2)look down on轻视，看不起Small
8、 boys often look down on little girls and refuse to play with them.小男孩常常看不起小女孩并拒绝同她们一起玩。,3)look on旁观Two men were fighting. The rest were looking on.两个男人在打架。其余的人在袖手旁观。4)look through sth快速查看；浏览He looked through the books and decided that he wouldnt like them.他把书翻阅了一下，认定他不会喜欢它们的。5)look sth through仔细检查，
9、 逐一审查(某事物)Always look your work through before handing it in.交作业前一定要仔细检查。,6)look sth up(在字典或参考书中)查阅；查验If you dont know the meaning of the word, look it up.你要是不知道这个词的意思，就查一下。7)look up(from sth)(在低头看某物时)抬头往上看She looked up from her book as I entered the room.我进房间时，她从书本上抬起头来看了看。8)look up to sb钦佩；仰慕；尊敬Mr
10、. Smith had taught for many years, and all the students looked up to him.史密斯先生执教多年，他的学生都非常尊敬他。,9)look round转过头看；回头看She looked round when she heard the noise behind her.她听到身后有声响， 就回过头去看。10)look round sth 参观， 游览(某地或某建筑)Shall we look round the cathedral this afternoon?我们今天下午参观大教堂好吗？,【知识运用】(1)(2010安徽22)
11、 No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone_you wishing they were that high.Agetting rid of Bgetting along withClooking up to Dlooking down upon答案：C本题题意：无论你认为自己多么低下，总会有人崇拜你，并希望达到你那样的高度。look up to sb表示“钦佩；仰慕；尊敬”。,(2)(2009湖北21) Would you please_the paper for me and see if there a
12、re any obvious mistakes?Alook around Blook into Clook up Dlook through答案：D本题题意：你能不能给我审阅一下这篇论文，看一看是否有明显的错误。look through表示“仔细检查， 逐一审查(某事物)”。,(3)(2009江西30) It is reported that the police will soon _the case of two missing children.Alook upon Blook after Clook into Dlook out 答案：C本题题意：据报道，警方很快就会调查这两起儿童失踪
13、案件。look into表示“(深入)调查；审查”。,(4)(2007全国134)“Goodbye, then，” she said, without even_from her book.Alooking down Blooking upClooking away Dlooking on答案：B本题题意：“那就再见吧，”她说道，甚至没有放下书本抬头看一看。look up(from sth)表示“(在低头看某物时)抬头往上看”。,(5)(2007全国213)I have_all my papers but I still cant find my notes.Alooked through B
14、looked forClooked after Dlooked out答案：A本题题意：我把所有的文件都浏览了一遍，但仍旧没有发现我的笔记。look through sth 表示“快速察看；浏览”。,(6)(2006湖北26)The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now_the matter.Aseeing through Bworking outClooking into Dwatching over答案：C本题题意：昨天晚上拐角附近的建筑物着火了。警方正在调查这件事情。look into表
15、示“调查”。,(7)Perhaps some day it will be pleasant to_on these things.Alook up Blook roundClook back Dlook out答案：C本题题意：可能将来有一天我们回顾这些事时会感到愉快的。look back(on sth)表示“回首(往事)；回忆；回顾”。,(8)_the time of the next train in the timetable.ALook at BLook upCLook out CLook through答案：B本题题意：查一下火车时刻表中下一趟车的时间。look sth up表示“
16、(在字典或参考书中)查阅，查验”。,(9)(原创)The end of a decade is a good time to _； a new decade is a good time to look forward, too.Alook intoBlook upClook throughDlook back答案：D本题题意：一个十年的结束是回顾过去的好时机，一个新的十年的开始也是展望未来的好时机。,2be bound to do/be.1)一定会；很可能会Hes bound to notice your mistake.他必定会觉察到你的错误。This article is bound t
17、o go up in price.这种物品肯定会涨价的。2)受(法律，义务或情况)约束必须做某事；有义务做某事We are bound to help them overcome the difficulties.我们有义务帮助他们克服困难。Are you bound to stay at the office so late?你必须在办公室呆到这么晚吗？,【知识运用】(1)The question is_to come up at the meeting.Abound BappropriateCconvenient Dsuitable答案：A本题题意：会上必然要讨论这个问题。be bound
18、 to do/be. 表示“一定会；很可能会”。,(2)If so, your points of view are_to conflict with his.Adue BboundCessential Davailable答案：B本题题意：如果这样的话，你的观点一定会和他的起冲突。be bound to do/be 表示“一定会；很可能会”。,(3) (原创)Having witnessed the accident I felt duty _make a statement to the police.Adue toBthanks toCowning toDbound to答案：D本题题意
19、：由于我亲眼目睹了那次事故，我觉得向警察陈述是义不容辞的。bound to do sth在句中担任后置定语，修饰名词duty。,同位语一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他形式)，对前者进一步说明它指的是谁，是什么等，那么这一部分就叫做同位语。同位语与被它补充说明的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 它可以是单词、短语或从句。,.同位语的表现形式1通常用逗号将同位语与其所修饰的先行词隔开， 表示一种普通的同位关系。 This is Mr. Black, director of our hospital.这是布莱克先生，我们医院的院长。She is a good teacher,
20、 the friend of yours.她是一位好老师，也是你们的朋友。,2有时也可用破折号或冒号引导同位语。用破折号，停顿较长，对同位语起强调的作用；用冒号，停顿最长，强调的作用更大。The orphans daily necessitiesclothes, food, etc.are supplied by a kindhearted teacher.这名孤儿的日常用品衣服、食物等等由一位好心肠的老师提供。In a sense, nouns can be divided into two kinds: the countable noun and the uncountable noun
21、.在某种意义上，名词可分为两类：可数名词和不可数名词。,3有时， 同位语之前带有引导词，表示同位成分之间的特殊意义。常见的同位语引导词有as, or, chiefly, especially, for example, for instance, in short, mainly, mostly, namely, that is, in particular, in other words, including, that is to say, such as, say, particularly, what, which, who, when, where, why, how, that,
22、whether等。Only one person can do the job, namely you.只有一个人能做这项工作，那就是你。You can buy fruit here, for example, oranges and bananas.你可以在这里买水果，例如柑橘和香蕉。,4另外，无需借用任何引导词或标点符号，而将同位语直接置于先行词之后。 I have the honor to introduce Johns sister Jane to you.我很荣幸地向你介绍简，约翰的妹妹。 Tom gave his friend John a book.汤姆给了朋友约翰一本书。,.同
23、位语的构成1名词(短语)George Bush, the present American president, was the governor of the state of Texas.乔治布什，美国的现任总统，曾是德克萨斯州的州长。2代词I sympathize with you; I myself have had a similar unhappy experience.我很同情你，我自己也有过类似的不幸遭遇。,3数词She is the oldest among the six.她是她们六人中年龄最大的。4动名词短语He enjoys the exercise, swimming
24、 in winter.他喜爱冬泳这项运动。5不定式短语There is one thing hell never dotell lies.有一件事情他从来不做撒谎。6形容词及其短语All the countries, big or small, are equal.国家，无论大小，一律平等。,7介词短语As the head of the company, he had to explain what had happened.作为公司的领导，他必须解释清楚发生了什么事情。8从句The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs every
25、one in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。,.同位语从句1同位语从句跟在一个名词后，对其作进一步解释；能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有：announcement，belief, discovery，doubt, excuse, fact，fear，hope，idea, knowledge，news, order, promise, problem, proof, proposal, possibility, question, reply, remark, reason, report，rumour，story, suggestion, thought,
26、 truth 等。引导同位语从句的连词最常用的是that，除此之外还有how, when, where, why, whether等。The announcement that a new airport was to be built nearby aroused immediate opposition.说要在附近建造新机场的通告马上引起了反对。,The suggestion that shops should open on Sundays led to a heated discussion.关于商店星期日也应该营业的提议，引起了激烈的争论。,2为了保持句子平衡，同位语从句有时可以不紧
27、跟在它所说明的名词后面。The story goes that William Tell killed the tyrant with an arrow.传说威廉泰尔用箭射死了暴君。Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.突然我有一种顾虑：他可能会瞎。,3在表示建议、命令、请求、主张、目的、愿望等名词后面的同位语从句中，谓语动词必须采用虚拟语气结构，即：(should)V.He gave orders that the work(should)be started immediately.他发出指示要立即开始工作。Her s
28、uggestion is that we(should)give up the plan.她建议我们应该放弃这个计划。,4同位语从句和定语从句的差异：1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中担任某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。Have you forgotten about that money(that)I lent you last week?你忘了上星期我借给你的钱了吧？(定语从句)The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能是
29、玛丽生病了。(同位语从句),2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(定语从句)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。(同位语从句),语法专练1(上海市普通高等学校2010届高三春季招生考试38)There is no obvious evidence_th
30、ere is life on any other planet in the solar system.AwhichBthatChowDwhere答案：B本题题意：没有明显的证据表明太阳系的其他行星上存在生命。本题考查同位语从句的用法。,2(山东省枣庄市2010届高三一模) Suddenly the idea came to me_I might turn to Mr. Smith for help.Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwhom答案：B本题题意：突然我想到了一个主意我可以向史密斯先生求助。本题考查同位语从句的用法。,3(北京市崇文区2010届高三一模) Even if th
31、ere is no scientific proof yet_secondhand smoke causes cancer, there is no reason why nonsmokers should be forced to take this risk.Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere答案：B本题题意：尽管还没有二手烟会引发癌症的科学证据，但是也没有任何理由让不吸烟者冒这种风险。本题考查同位语从句的用法。,4(2009江西33)The fact has worried many scientists_the earth is becoming warmer and
32、warmer these years.Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dthough 答案：C本题题意：这些年来天气越来越暖和，这使得很多科学家感到担忧。本题考查间隔式同位语从句的用法，担任主语的名词the fact 与that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。,5(2009四川7) News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhere答案：C本题题意：从学校办公室传来消息说，王林已经被北京大学录取了。本题考查间隔式同位语从句
33、的用法。that引导同位语从句，解释说明news的内容。,6(2009浙江12)Is there any possibility_you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dwhat 答案：B本题题意：“你有可能去机场接我吗？”“没问题。”本题考查同位语从句的用法。,7(2009重庆31) We should consider the students request_the school library provide more books on popular science.Athat Bwhe
34、n Cwhich Dwhere答案：A本题题意：我们应该考虑学生的请求学校图书馆为他们提供更多的科普读物。本题考查同位语从句的用法。,8(2008陕西8)Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea_the party is to be held?Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere答案：D本题题意：明天是汤姆的生日。你知道生日聚会将在哪儿举行吗？名词 idea后接同位语从句，在同位语从句中，主要成分完整，需要连接副词引导。含义和“地点”有关，采用where.,9(2008四川24)Ive heard a whisper_Dav
35、id and Heather are heading for marriage.Awhat Bwhich Cwho Dthat答案：D本题题意：我听到传闻说，大卫和希瑟就要结婚了。that引导同位语从句，解释说明了名词whisper的具体内容。,10(上海市普通高等学校2008届高三春季招生考试33)The news_our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper.Awhich Bwhether Cwhat Dthat 答案：D本题题意：昨天的报纸报道了我们的运动员又得一金的消息。本题考查同位语从
36、句的用法。在从句中，主要成分完整，不需要连接代词引导，排除选项A以及选项C。此外，含义和“是否”无关，排除选项B。,11(2007湖南27)To save class time, our teacher has_students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework.Aus Bwe Cour Dours答案：A本题题意：为了节省课堂时间，我们的老师让我们学生在课堂上做一半练习，其余的一半作为家庭作业让我们来完成。students和us是并列的成分，担任us的同位语，补充说明us的身份是
37、学生。,12(2006天津14)There is much chance_Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.Athat Bwhich Cuntil Dif答案：A本题题意：比尔的伤情康复的机率较大，有望及时参加这次比赛。that引导同位语从句，具体解释和说明chance的内容。that只具有连接功能，在从句中不担任句子成分。,13(2006重庆33)Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class_he had to meet his uncle at
38、 the airport.Awhy Bthat Cwhere Dbecause答案：B本题题意：没有人相信他不来上课的原因他必须到机场去接他的叔叔。本题考查同位语从句， 具体解释名词reason的内容。同位语从句成份完整，选用that.,14(2006四川30)Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the story, believe it or not，_we got lost on a rainy night.Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhen答案：B本题题意：“三十年没见面了。”“信不信由你，我仍然记
39、得在一个雨夜我们迷路的那件事。”本题考查分割式同位语从句的用法。believe it or not为插入语。,15(2005浙江15)Danby left word with my secretary_he would call again in the afternoon.Awho Bthat Cas Dwhich答案：B本题题意：Danby留言给我的秘书下午他会再次打电话来。that引导同位语从句，作名词 word的同位语，进一步补充说明其具体内容。同位语从句成份完整，选用that(that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义)。,16(2005辽宁29)Do
40、you have any idea_is actually going on in the classroom?Athat Bwhat Cas Dwhich答案：B本题题意：你丝毫不知道教室内发生了什么事情吗？本题考查宾语从句的用法。在宾语从句中，缺少主语，需用what. what在名词性从句中除了具有连接功能，还在从句中担任主语，宾语或定语等句子成分。注意：have no idea表示“丝毫不知道”其后可以跟of(doing)sth.，宾语从句或“疑问词不定式结构”。,17(2005广东34)Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_a
41、cure for AIDS will be found.Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhether答案：B本题题意： 一些研究人员认为艾滋病的治疗方法毫无疑问一定会被发现的。There is no doubt that.为固定结构，表示“对没有怀疑，疑虑”；例如：There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。,18(2006江苏22)My most famous relative of all，_who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my greatgrandfat
42、her.Aone Bthe one Che Dsomeone答案：B本题题意：在我的亲属中，最著名的是我的曾祖父Sussel先生，他的确给美国留下了久远的影响。one在句中担任了My most famous relative of all的同位语，表示“最出名的一位亲戚”，属于“特指”概念，所以one必须和定冠词the连用；此外，定语从句who really left his mark on America.的存在也是一个暗示。,19Many newspapers printed the governors statement_would support a tax cut.Aand he Bwas that heCwhich he Dthat he答案：D本题题意：多数报纸刊登了州长的声明他支持削减税收。that引导同位语从句具体说明了 statement 的内容。,20They didnt know the result_they had passed the interview.Aif Bwhether Cwho Dwhat答案：B题意：他们不知道他们是否通过了面试。表示“是否”时，同位语从句用whether而不用if引导。,
