1、定语从句定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that，as和关系副词when，where，why等引导。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。,1由who，whom，whose引导的定语从句在这类定语从句中who用作主语，whom用作宾语，whose用作定语。This is the stranger who_saved_the_boys_life.这就是挽救了这个男
2、孩生命的陌生人。An old friend of mine who_works_for_the_government_came to see me yesterday.在政府部门工作的老朋友昨天来看我了。The lady whom_they_wanted_to_visit is a scientist.他们想要访问的那个女士是科学家。,Who is the student whom_Professor_Wang_praised_at_the_meeting?王教授在会上表扬的那个学生是谁？I know a girl whose_mother_is_a_doctor.我认识一个女孩，她的妈妈是个
3、医生。,2由which引导的定语从句指事物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。Beijing is a city which has_a history of_2,_000_years.北京是座具有2000年历史的城市。A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.词典是解释词语的书。,The young man was very happy to get back the laptop (which)he_had_lost_on_the_train.那个年轻人很高兴领回了他在火车上丢失的笔记本电脑。,知识拓展关系代词w
4、hich，whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词which(或whom)”引出。Great changes are taking place in the city in_which_ they live.他们居住的城市正在发生着巨大的变化。The film of_which_Im speaking is to be shown at the Peoples Cinema next week.我正在谈的这部电影下星期在人民电影院上映。This is the old man from_whom weve learnt a lot.这就是我们从他那里学到很多东西的那位老人。,3由tha
5、t引导的定语从句在这种定语从句中that可以指人或物，代替who，whom，which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语(不能放在介词后面作介词宾语)。The comrade that/who is speaking at_the_meeting_is a friend of mine.在会上讲话的同志是我的一个朋友。The letter that/which_I_received_yesterday_was from my brother.昨天我收到的信是我哥哥寄来的。,知识拓展(1)关系代词：who，which，that在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。(2)当关系
6、代词whom，which，that在从句中作动词宾语时，在口语中往往可以省略；在作介词宾语时，关系代词不能省略，介词放在关系代词前。(that例外)(3)that的特殊用法。that在定语从句中的惯用法是：它可用作关系副词代替in/on/for which/when/where/why/how，而且that亦可以用省略形式。,I will never forget the day (that)I went_to school_20 years_ago.我永远不会忘记20年前我上学的那一天。,4由when，where，why引导的定语从句October 1st,1949 was the day
7、when_the Peoples Republic of_China_was_founded.一九四九年十月一日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。(when在定语从句中作时间状语。)I will never forget the day when_I_met_Mr.Lu_Xun.我永远忘不了见到鲁迅先生的那一天。(when在定语从句中作时间状语。)Everyone wants to visit the place where_Premier_Zhou_once_worked.大家都想参观周总理曾经工作过的地方。(where在定语从句中作地点状语。),We dont know the reason w
8、hy_they didnt_keep their_promise.我们不知道他们为什么没有遵守诺言。(why在定语从句中作原因状语。),5as引导的定语从句as也可以用作关系代词，既可以单独引出定语从句，又可与主句中的the same或such相呼应，从句中谓语动词常省略。I hope to get such a car as he is driving.我希望得到一辆像他正在驾驶的那样的车。6关系代词that与which的用法区别1)which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。He didnt come back home on time，which_made his father v
9、ery_angry.他没有按时回家，这使他的父亲很生气。,2)which之前可以有介词，that之前则不能有介词。This is the house in which_Lu_Xun_used_to_live.这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子。3)当that和which都指物时，在以下4种情况中，用that而不能用which。(1)当先行词是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时。That is all that I want to say.那就是我想要说的。There is nothing that can ter
10、rify him.没有什么能吓住他。There was little that I could do for you.我不能为你干什么。,(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。(4)当先行词被the very，the only，the just等修饰时。This is the_v
11、ery Tshirt(that)I want to buy.这正是我要买的T恤衫。Mr.Smith is the_only_ foreigner (that)he knows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。,单项填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳答案。1(2010全国216)I refuse to accept the blame for something_was someone elses fault.Awho Bthat Cas DWhat答案：B本题题意：我拒绝为别人的过错承担任何责任。定语从句缺少主语，且先行词为不定代词something，采用关系代词t
12、hat.,2(2010北京27) Children who are not active or_diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.Awhat Bwhose Cwhich Dthat 答案：B本题题意：生性沉闷或饮食脂肪含量高的孩子体重增长快。本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词children 与名词diet之间存在所属关系，采用关系代词whose引导定语从句。,3(2010福建24) Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_life h
13、as developed gradually.Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhose答案：B本题题意：斯蒂芬霍金认为地球不可能是唯一一个存在生命演变现象的星球。 定语从句的先行词planet前虽然有the only修饰，但从句的基本成分完整，不需要关系代词引导，排除选项A。先行词含义和“地点”有关，采用关系副词where引导定语从句， 相当于on which.,4(2010湖南28) Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school_I met in the English speech conte
14、st last year.Awho Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich答案：A本题题意：我和几个在同一所学校读书的学生成为了好朋友，我们是在去年的英语演讲比赛中相识的。本题考查分隔式定语从句的用法。定语从句缺少宾语，且先行词为表示“人”的名词students，采用关系代词who.,5(2010江西31) The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister_she would stay for an hour.Awhere Bwho Cwhich Dwhat答案：A本题题意：这个女孩和她
15、妹妹约定到培训中心学钢琴，学习一小时。定语从句基本结构完整，需要关系副词引导，先行词the training centre含义和“地点”有关，选用where.,6(2010山东24)Thats the new machine_parts are too small to be seen.Athat Bwhich Cwhose DWhat答案：C本题题意：那就是新机器，其零件小得看不见。whose引导定语从句并在从句中担任定语，修饰名词parts.,7(2010陕西11)The old temple_roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.Aw
16、here Bwhich Cits Dwhose答案：D本题题意：在暴风雨中损坏了屋顶的那座古庙目前正在修缮。定语从句的先行词the old temple 与名词roof之间存在“所属关系”，采用关系代词whose引导定语从句。,8(2010天津8)Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers_I go. Its only 15.Aas Bwhich Cwhere Dthat答案：C本题题意：“你相信我理了一次发得付20美元吗？”“你应该到我去的那家理发店试试，只需要15美元。”定
17、语从句基本结构完整，不需要关系代词引导，排除选项A、B、D。先行词the barbers含义与“地点”有关，选用关系副词where.,9(2010重庆28)In china, the number of cities is increasing_development is recognized across the world.Awhere BwhichCwhose Dthat答案：C本题题意：在中国，城市的数量在不断增加，城市的发展得到了全世界的认可。名词development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，采用whose引导定语从句。,10(上海秋38) Wind power is
18、an ancient source of energy_we may return in the near future.Aon which Bby which Cto which Dfrom which答案：C本题题意：风力是一种古老的能源，在不久的将来我们有可能重新使用这种能源。本题考查“介词which”引导定语从句的用法。本句话相当于Wind power is an ancient source of energy (which/that) we may return to in the near future.,11The man_we sent the present to is a
19、 teacher.Awhen BwhatCwhy D/答案：D定语从句中介词to缺少宾语，担任宾语的关系代词who/whom/that省略了。,12The house the windows_were damaged has been repaired.Aof that Bof whichCwho Dwhich答案：B先行词是(The)house，而后面从句中主语是the windows，在此用of which来代替whose，故选择B项。,13A dictionary is a book_the meaning of the words.Awhich give Bwhich givesCwh
20、o give Dit gives答案：B定语从句中的谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。,14We then moved to Paris，_we lived for six years.Awhich BthatCwhere Dwho答案：C句意为“我们后来移居到巴黎，在那儿生活了六年”。非限制性定语从句的基本成分完整，先行词Paris含义与“地点”有关，采用关系副词where。,15This is the best thing_has been used against pollution.Awhen BwhichChow Dthat答案：D句意为“这是已用过的用来防治污染的最好的东西”。
21、先行词用最高级修饰，所以选that。,16I watched all the glasses_were on the table fall off into the floor.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwho答案：A句意为“我看到桌子上所有的玻璃杯都掉到了地板上”。先行词被all所修饰且定语从句缺少主语，故用that。,17Corn was not the only food_was taken to Europe.Ait BwhichCthat Dwhere答案：C句意为“玉米并不是被传往欧洲的唯一食物”。先行词被the only所修饰且定语从句缺少宾语。,18They tal
22、ked about things and persons_they remembered.Awho BwhomCwhich Dthat答案：D句意为“他们谈论了所记得的人和事”。先行词既有人又有物，且定语从句缺少宾语，故用that。,19This is the very book_Im looking for.Awhat BwhichCthat Dwhom答案：C句意为“我正找的恰好就是这本书”。先行词被the very所修饰，且定语从句缺少宾语，故选C。,20We havent got much_we can offer you.Awhom BwhatCwhich Dthat答案：D句意为“
23、我们能提供给你的东西并不多”。不定代词much作先行词，且定语从句缺少宾语，用关系代词that。,21Who is the woman_was praised at the meeting?Awhat BwhomC/ Dthat答案：D句意为“在会议上受到表扬的那个女人是谁？”从句缺少主语，不能省略关系代词，所以选择that。,22I know the reason_he came late.Awhy BwhoCwhere Dwhen答案：A句意为“我知道他为什么来晚了”。定语从句基本成分完整，需要关系副词引导。先行词为the reason，采用why。,23The professor tal
24、ked about some poets and poems_were unknown to us.Awhich BwhoCthat Dwhom答案：C本题考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。当定语从句的先行词既有人又有物，且从句缺少主语，用关系代词that。,24This is the only invention_hasnt been put into practical use.Awhich BthatCwhat Dwho答案：B定语从句的先行词被the only修饰，且定语从句缺少主语，引导定语从句的关系代词用that。,25He promised to do all_he could_me
25、 out of the difficult situation.Awhich; help Bthat; helpedCthat; helping Dthat; to help答案：D定语从句的先行词被all修饰且定语从句缺少宾语，引导定语从句的关系代词用that，所以本题第一空用that；根据句子结构，could后省略动词do，所以第二空应用动词不定式作目的状语，因此D项正确。,26The second book_I want to read is Travels in China.Awhich BwhatCthat Das答案：C定语从句的先行词被序数词修饰，且定语从句缺少宾语，采用that
26、引导定语从句。,27There is nothing in the world_can please him.Awhich BwhatCwhom Dthat答案：D当定语从句的先行词为nothing, everything, anything, something等不定式代词，且定语从句缺少主语或宾语时，常用that引导定语从句。,28You may borrow any book_.Athat you interestBwhich you are interestedCthat interests youDwhich interests you答案：C当定语从句的先行词被any, no, a
27、ll等修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。,29People_drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those_dont.Awho; / B/; whoCwho; who D/; /答案：CPeople和those后各带一个定语从句，根据关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略这一原则，故选C。,30Were just trying to reach a point_both sides will sit down together and talk.Awher
28、e BthatCwhen Dwhich答案：Apoint在本句中表示“进展，增进”等的“阶段，程度”。根据句意可知此处指“双方都能接受，并且坐下来谈的阶段”，故选A。,31A fast food restaurant is the place_， just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.Awhich BwhereCthere Dwhat答案：B先行词是place，指地点且定语从句基本成分完整，故本句用where或in which引导定语从句。,32The English play_my students acted at t
29、he New Years party was a great success.Afor which Bat whichCin which Don which答案：C句意为“我的学生们在新年聚会上表演的那个英语剧很成功”。in the English play为习惯表达，表示“在英语剧目中”。,33There were dirty marks on her trousers_she had wiped her hands.Awhere BwhichCwhen Dthat答案：A分析从句的句子结构可知，定语从句中的主语、谓语和宾语齐全，故不能用关系代词引导该定语从句。再分析先行词与定语从句的语义关
30、系，此处指“在裤子上有污迹”，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。,34American women usually identify their best friend as someone_they can talk frequently.Awho BasCabout which Dwith whom答案：D本题考查“介词关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。talk with sb表示“与交谈”。,35What surprised me was not what he said but_he said it.Athe way Bin the way thatCin the way Dthe way which答案：A题干中的not.but是并列连词，连接两个成分相同的词语或句子。not之后的what he said是名词性从句，所以在but之后也应是名词性的成分。the way表示方式时，其后的定语从句用that或in which引导，也可以省略，故选A。,
