1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修8,Inventors and inventions,Unit 3,Section Learning about Language,Unit 3,词汇过关1_ n鉴定，辨认，确定_ v辨认，确定2_ adj清白的，无罪的_ n无辜3_ v忍受，容忍过去式：_过去分词：_,identificationidentifyinnocentinnocencebear,boreborne,短语自查1_ 抓住机会2_ 开始着手干某事3_ 成功干了某事,seize the opportunityset aboutsucceed in doing st
2、h,经典句式However，she _ that I _ a perfume from my new lily然而，她建议我应该从我的新百合花中生产香水。答案：suggested；should produce,语法练习用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1The Olympic Games，first _ (play) in 776 BC，did not include women players until 19122The Browns have a comfortable house _ (live in)3He is said _ (go)abroad half a year ago4Sto
3、p shouting！ Havent you seen your father _ (work) now？,5To keep warm，we had the fire _ (burn) all through the night6Have you read the novels _ (write) by the famous Chinese writer？7Please remain _ (seat) there8The houses _ (damage)during the flood are being repaired now,9Speak louder，or you cant make
4、 yourself _ (hear)10With all the problems _ (settle) at last，he could have a good sleep答案：1played2to live in3to have gone4working5burning6written7seated8damaged9heard10settled,1identification n鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明Jewellery identification is a hard job珠宝鉴定不是一件容易的工作。He used a letter of introduction as identi
5、fication他用一封介绍信作为身份的证明。,知识拓展identification card 身份证identify vt认出；识别；表明；发现vi一致，变成一致identify with sb与产生共鸣identify sb/sthas sb/sth认定，认为等同于identical adj同一的；一模一样的,I identified my lost bike我认出了我那辆丢了的自行车。Never identify wealth with happiness千万不要把财富和幸福等同起来。We have identical views on these problems在这些问题上我们有完全
6、一致的看法。,活学活用完成句子(1)鉴定坠机意外伤亡者的工作费时且困难重重。_ _ of the crash victims was a long and difficult task(2)人们排成一行等待确认身份。A line of people is formed for _(3)我识别不出这是谁的签字。I cant _ this signature,(4)她与外籍教师打成一片。She _ _ _ foreign teachers(5)她在两个场合穿戴同一套衣服。She wore _ _ _ on both occasions答案：(1)The identification(2)ident
7、ification(3)identify(4)identified herself with(5)the identical dress,2bear v忍受；忍耐；负担She bore the pain with great courage她非常勇敢地忍受了痛苦。I cant bear being kept waiting我无法忍受长时间的等候。I couldnt bear to listen any longer，so I left the room我实在听不下去了，便离开了房间。Her late works doesnt bear comparision with her earlier
8、novels她后期的作品比不上她早期的小说。She bore the responsibility for most of the changes她对大多数变革负责。,知识拓展bear doing sth忍受做某事bear sbto do sth忍受某人做某事bear up 忍耐；坚强起来bear sb/sthout 证实；为作证bear with sb/sth耐心对待某人或某事；容忍某人或某事bear sthin mind 牢记,比较网站bear，endure，stand,I cant bear the smell of tobacco smoke我忍受不了烟草的味道。She endured
9、 two years of loneliness她忍受了两年的孤寂。I cant stand you any longer我再也忍受不了你了。,图解助记,活学活用完成句子(1)I cant_ _ _ _ _ _ _(忍受不了和这样一个人合作)(2)I cant_ _ _ _ (忍受被嘲笑)in public(3)You must_ _ _ _(记住)that your parents hope that you will make a breakthrough in this field one day答案：(1)bear teaming up with such a man(2)bear b
10、eing laughed at/to be laughed at(3)bear/keep it in mind,However，she suggested that I should produce a perfume from my new lily然而，她建议我应该从我的新百合花中生产香水。本句中含有虚拟语气，suggest(建议)，recommend(建议)，order(命令)，demand(要求)等动词后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“should动词原形”，should常可省略。,I suggest that he (should) apply for the jo
11、b我建议他申请这份工作。He demanded that he (should) be told everything他要求将一切都告诉他。注意：suggest作“表明，暗示”讲时，其后的从句要用陈述语气。,His red face suggested he was lying他脸红了，这说明他在撒谎。注意：英语中一些表示“命令，建议，要求”的动词所跟的从句需要用虚拟语气。如：insist，demand，suggest，propose，order，arrange，command，require，request，desire等动词引导宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用(should)动词原形。记住这些
12、动词的小窍门：iinsist，ddemand，rrequest/require/recommend，oorder，ppropose，ccommand，aadvise，ssuggest,活学活用用恰当形式填空(1)The teacher suggested that everyone _ (go)there by bike答案：(should)gosuggest作“建议”讲时，后接的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词形式为“should动词原形”，should常可省略。,(2)The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _(
13、suggest)that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking答案：suggestssuggest在句中意为“表明”。句意：仍有许多人在公共场所吸烟这一事实表明我们可能需要一次全国范围内的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害的认识。主句的主语是the fact，故谓语用第三人称单数。,过去分词充当定语、表语或宾语补足语定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况。 1前置定语单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转
14、化而来的过去分词作定语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或只具有“被动”含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表“完成”含义。,1)被动和完成含义：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。2)被动含义：She is a respected teacher她是一位受人尊敬的老师。3)完成含义：They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。,2后置定语过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句
15、。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (that has ever been written)这将是这类小说中写得最好的。,Who were the socalled guests invited (who had been invited) to your party last night？昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press昨天我买了一本外语教学与
16、研究出版社出版的书。,拓展1(1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。The experience gained will be of great value to us取得的经验对我们很有价值。By the end of the year，the total money collected had come to 92 million dollars，all of which were sent to Africa到年底为止，筹集到的全部资金达到了9,200多万元，所有这些钱全都送往非洲了。,(2)由过去分词构成的合成词也可作定语。The airconditio
17、ned rooms are very comfortable in hot summer在炎热的夏天，装空调的房间非常舒服。The newlybuilt building is our office building这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。,(3)过去分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。This
18、 book，(which is)written in simple English，is suitable for beginners to read这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。,The concert (which/that was) given by their friends was a success他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。 The meeting，(which was) attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great hero他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。,(4)用来修饰人的过去分词
19、有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人有关。The boy looked up with a pleased expression那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。He spoke with a frightened look他说话时显得非常恐惧。,拓展2(1)动名词作定语，说明所修饰的名词的用途。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room阅览室里不准大声说话。There is a swimming pool in our school我们学校有一个游泳池。,(2)现在分词作定语，通常放
20、在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。He is a promising young man他是一个很有培养前途的青年。Do you know the woman(who is)sitting at the end of the room？你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？We must keep a secret of the things (which/that are) being discussed now对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。,(3)不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰
21、时，只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”、“动宾”或“同位”三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。 Our monitor is the first to arrive我们的班长是第一个到达的人。(主谓关系)The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is of great importance明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。(动宾关系),I have a lot of work to do我有许多事要做。(动宾关系)Their decision to give up
22、 the experiment surprised us他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。(同位关系)They have no happiness to speak of他们没有什么幸福可言。,表语过去分词作表语，通常表示主语所处的一种状态。His colleagues were surprised at his absurd behaviour同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains这座城市三面环山。 The door remained locked门仍然锁着。She looked disappoin
23、ted她看上去很失望。,拓展(1)动名词作表语，解释或说明主语的内容。此时，主语与表语位置通常可以互换。Our duty is serving the people heart and soul我们的职责是全心全意地为人民服务。What they are worried about is being left behind他们所担心的是别被落在后面。,(2)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质，特征或属性；此时，现在分词与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人的”。The news was exciting and we were all excited消息令人兴奋，我们都很激动。He
24、 remained standing beside the table他依然站在桌旁。,(3)不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be，seem，remain，appear，get的后面，用来说明或解释主语的内容。当主语为名词dream，business，wish，idea，plan，job，work，task，duty时，表语通常采用不定式，不用动名词。此时，不定式通常强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作。The aim is not just to keep busy其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。He appears to want to leave他看来要走。,宾语补足语过去分词作补语，表示
25、“被动和完成”含义，或仅仅表示“状态”。1表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，think等)I have never heard the song sung in my school我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。He watched the TV set carried out of the room他看到电视机被搬到屋子外面了。,2表示“使役”意义的动词(have，make，get，keep，leave等)I had my leg broken in the football game我的
26、腿在足球赛中摔坏了。The reporters keep us informed of the results of the games记者不断地告知我们比赛结果。,3表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词(like，order，want，wish，expect等后用过去分词或在过去分词前to be)Everyone wishes the matter(to be) settled as soon as possible人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。I want my house(to be)completed before the national day我想让我的房子在国庆节前完工。,拓展(1)现
27、在分词作补足语由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。I heard her singing when I passed by her room我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)I found the topic being discussed everywhere then那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者),Are you listening to them quarrelling？你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)His
28、remarks set me thinking他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)The explosion sent us running in all directions那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者),(2)不定式作补语不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。Did you notice him leave the house？你看到他离开房间了吗？I heard her say so我听见她是这么说的。,某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on，rely on，depend on，wait f
29、or，long for，vote for等。You can depend on her to be late可以担保她必定迟到。We are longing for the holiday to come我们渴望着假日的到来。,动词think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，guess，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常接“to be形容词(名词或反身代词)”结构。Hes thought to be one of the richest men in Europe人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。Imagine yourself(to be)r
30、ich and famous想象一下你又有钱，又有名的情况。,典题赏析用恰当形式填空1(2015真题改编重庆)_(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star答案：Raised句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是动宾关系，故填raised。,2(2015真题改编天津)_(absorb)in painting，John didnt notice evening
31、approaching答案：Absorbed句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in“全神贯注于”，在句中作状语。,3(真题改编北京)When we saw the road _ (block)with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home答案：blocked本题考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们看到道路被大雪堵住的时候，我们决定在家度假。分析结构可知，此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构；宾补是do，表示“看见宾语干某事的过程”；宾补是doing，指“看见宾语正在干某事”；若宾语与宾补之间为动宾关系，则要用过
32、去分词作宾补。分析结构可知，此处宾语the road与block之间为动宾关系，故用blocked作宾补。,4(真题改编湖南)You cannot accept an opinion _ (offer)to you unless it is based on facts答案：offered考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：你无法接受任何观点，除非它以事实为基础。分析句式结构可知，opinion需要定语，且offer与opinion之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。5(真题改编安徽)While waiting for the opportunity to get _(promote)
33、，Henry did his best to perform his duty答案：promoted 考查非谓语动词。句意：在等待机会被提升时，亨利尽全力履行职责。get done表示被动，故填promoted。,用适当的非谓语动词形式填空1(2015真题改编陕西)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，DrLee was very happy to see his mother _ (take)good care of at home2The books _ (write)by Mo Yan are popular3When I got
34、 there，I found the farm tools _ (repair)4The United States is a _ (develop)country5He worked so hard that he got his pay _ (raise),6Everyone present is very _ (inspire)at his speech7_ (compare) with the old one，the new building looks more beautiful8The workers had the machines _ (run) all night long
35、 to finish the work on time9People in the south have their houses _ (make) of bamboo10Have you noticed the bridge _ (build)there？,答案：1taken2written3repaired4developed5raised6inspired7Compared8running9made10being built,单句改错1You should improve your speak English_2Most of the artists being invited to the party were from South Africa_3I was annoying at his rude words_,4The workers worked in the factory are wellpaid_5Tom had his leg breaking when he was playing football_答案：1speakspoken2去掉being3annoyingannoyed4workedworking5breakingbroken,
