1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修8,Cloning,Unit 2,Section Learning about Language,Unit 3,词汇过关1_ n宪法，章程2_ adj必须做的，义务的，强制的3_ vt欠；归功于_ 因为，由于4_ vt打扰，打搅近义词：_ 打扰，打断5_ n假定，设想_ v假定，设想6_ n规则，规章,constitutioncompulsoryoweowing (to)bother interruptassumptionassumeregulation,短语自查1_ 把归功于2_ 一定或注定3_ 麻烦去干某事,owe.to.be b
2、ound to dobother to do sth,经典句式1_ her family，and especially her nephew，her niece Daisy is very honest about her opinions与她的家人，尤其是她的侄子相比，她的侄女黛西对自己的观点是非常坦率的。2However，_ she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists但是，后来她染上严重肺病问题又使科学家们感到忧虑。答案：1Compared with2the problem that,语法练习用适当的引导词填
3、空1The hope_he may recover is not gone yet2The fact_you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable3The problem_we should continue to do the experiment has been solved,4I have no idea_he will come back5I have no impression_he went home，perhaps by bike6Next comes the question_you want to
4、put in the box答案：1that2that3whether4when5how6what,1owe vt欠(钱，账，人情等)；把归功于；归功于Have you paid me back the money you owed me yet？你欠我的钱还给我了吗？I owe you an apology for my rudeness last night昨天晚上我太粗暴了，应该向你道歉。I owe it to you that I am still alive幸亏有你我现在才仍然活着。He owes his success to his hard work他把自己的成功归功于辛勤的劳动
5、。,知识拓展owe vt欠(钱，账，人情等)；把归功于；归功于owe sbsthowe sthto sb欠某人某物owe sthto sb/sth把某事归功于某人/某物owe it to sbthat.把归功于某人owing to 由于；因为,表示“由于，因为”的短语：thanks to，due to，because of，on account of，as a result ofThey decided to postpone the trip，owing to the change of the weather由于天气变化，他们决定延期启程。注意：due to一般不位于句首。,活学活用(1)
6、完成句子他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。He_ _ _ _hard work and practice我欠房东100美元。I_100_the landlord_ _ _ _(由于他的努力)，the law was passed答案：owed his success toowed；toOwing to his efforts,(2)用恰当词语填空I owe a debt of gratitude _ his family so Ill do my best to help them whenever they are in trouble答案：to句意：我感激他一家人，无论他们什么时候遇到麻烦
7、，我都将尽全力帮助他们。owe.to把归因于。,2bother vt打扰；使担忧；使烦恼nU麻烦；C令人烦恼的事/人I am sorry to bother you，but can you tell me the time？对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点？Dont bother him with it now；hes very busy现在不要拿这个东西去打扰他，他很忙。Does it bother you that she earns more than you？她比你挣的钱多，你是不是觉得不自在？,It bothers me to think of her alone in that big
8、 house想到她孤零零地待在那个大房子里我便坐立不安。I didnt want to put you to any bother我不想给你添乱。I hope I havent been a bother希望我没打扰你。,知识拓展bother to do sth费心去做某事bother about sth为某事烦恼bother sbwith sth为某事麻烦某人be sorry to bother you，but.很抱歉打扰你一下，但是put sbto any bother给某人添乱without any bother毫不费力地It bothers sbthat/to do sth使某人苦恼的
9、是,比较网站bother，disturb，trouble与annoy这些动词均有“使人不安或烦恼”之意。(1)bother指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。The problem has been bothering me for weeks那问题已经困扰了我几个星期。(2)disturb较正式用词，多用于被动语态。指使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。Im sorry to disturb you so early对不起，我这么早打扰你。,(3)trouble指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。Losing a little money doesnt t
10、rouble me损失一点钱我并不在意。(4)annoy强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors他母亲因为他对邻居如此粗暴无礼而生他的气。,活学活用(1)用恰当形式填空(真题改编湖南)Around two oclock every night，Sue will start talking in her dreamIt somewhat _ (bother)us答案：bothers考查动词时态。句意：每天晚上大约两点左右，苏就开始
11、说梦话了，这有点打扰我们。根据时间状语 every night可知用一般现在时。,(2)补全句子他甚至连通知都没有通知我他要来。He didnt even_ _ _me know he was coming此刻我不想让她为我的问题操心。I dont want to_ _ _my problems at the moment答案：bother to letbother him with,3assumption n假定；设想；承担；担任make an assumption 假设；认为on the assumption that.在假定的情况下His assumption proved to be
12、correct他的假设被证明是对的。We are working on the assumption that the rate of inflation will not increase next year我们在假定明年通货膨胀率不增加的情况下工作。,知识拓展assume vt假定；设想；承担assume that.假设assume office 就职assume responsibility 承担责任assume an air/expression of.装出的样子/表情assuming that.假定(作连词用，相当于if)Assuming that it rains，what sho
13、uld we do？假定下雨了，我们该怎么办？,活学活用选词填空(1)The assumption _ the price of meat would go down before the festival was wrong in fact(that； which)(2)People tend to make _ about you when you have a disability(assumptions； the assumption)(3)_ we are free next Sunday，what would you like to do？(Assuming that； Assum
14、e)答案：(1)that(2)assumptions(3)Assuming that,be bound to(do).一定或注定(做)Look at the skyIts bound to rain this afternoon看看天空，今天下午一定会下雨。There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced引进新系统后一定会发生变化。Youve done so much work that you are bound to pass the exam你下了这么大的工夫，你一定会通过这次考试的。,I feel bound
15、 to tell you that youre drinking too much我觉得有必要跟你说，你喝得太多了。In a group as big as this，you are bound to have disagreements在这么大的一群人中，你一定会遇到不同意见。,知识拓展be bound to sth被束缚于某物；被绑在某物上be bound to do sth一定会；有义务做某事be bound (for.) 准备(去)be bound up in 热心于；忙于be bound up with 与有密切关系,活学活用(1)完成句子If you read fast every
16、 day，you_ _ _(一定)improve your English levelHe_ _ _ _ _ _(热衷于收集古董)these days答案：are bound tois bound up in collecting antiques(2)用恰当词语填空The question is bound_ come up at the meeting答案：to句意：会上必然要讨论这个问题。be bound to do/be.表示“一定会；很可能会”。,同位语一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他形式)，对前者进一步说明它指的是谁，是什么等，那么这一部分就叫做同位语。同位
17、语与被它补充说明的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 它可以是单词、短语或从句。,同位语的表现形式1通常用逗号将同位语与其所修饰的先行词隔开，表示一种普通的同位关系。 This is MrBlack，director of our hospital这是布莱克先生，我们医院的院长。She is a good teacher，the friend of yours她是一位好老师，也是你们的朋友。,2有时也可用破折号或冒号引导同位语。用破折号，停顿较长，对同位语起强调的作用；用冒号，停顿最长，强调的作用更大。The orphans daily necessitiesclothes，food，etcar
18、e supplied by a kindhearted teacher这名孤儿的日常用品衣服、食物等等由一位好心肠的老师提供。In a sense，nouns can be divided into two kinds： the countable noun and the uncountable noun在某种意义上，名词可分为两类：可数名词和不可数名词。,3有时，同位语之前带有引导词，表示同位成分之间的特殊意义。常见的同位语引导词有as，or，chiefly， especially，for example，for instance，in short，mainly，mostly，namely
19、，that is，in particular，in other words，including，that is to say，such as，say，particularly，what，which，who，when，where，why，how，that，whether等。Only one person can do the job，namely you只有一个人能做这项工作，那就是你。You can buy fruit here，for example，oranges and bananas你可以在这里买水果，例如柑橘和香蕉。,4另外，无需借用任何引导词或标点符号，而将同位语直接置于先行词之后
20、。 I have the honor to introduce Johns sister Jane to you我很荣幸地向你介绍简，约翰的妹妹。 Tom gave his friend John a book汤姆给了朋友约翰一本书。,用名词、代词或数词及其短语作同位语同位语有限制性和非限制性两种，限制性同位语和前面的词关系比较密切，中间不能停顿；非限制性同位语与前面的词关系比较疏散，常用逗号把它们分开，表示略有停顿。We teachers should be responsible for this(名词作同位语)我们老师应该对此负责。MrRobson，our head teacher，is
21、 from Canada(名词作非限制性同位语)罗布森先生，我们的校长，来自加拿大。,They each put forward a proposal(代词作同位语)他们每个人提出了一个建议。You may leave it to us two(数词作同位语)你可以把它留给我们两个。注意：多数的同位语都属于限制性同位语。,同位语从句1同位语从句跟在一个名词后，对其作进一步解释；能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有：announcement，belief，discovery，doubt，excuse，fact，fear，hope，idea，knowledge，news，order，promise，pro
22、blem，proof，proposal，possibility，question，reply，remark，reason，report，rumour，story，suggestion，thought，truth 等。引导同位语从句的连词最常用的是that，除此之外还有how，when，where，why，whether等。,The announcement that a new airport was to be built nearby aroused immediate opposition说要在附近建造新机场的通告马上引起了反对。The suggestion that shops sho
23、uld open on Sundays led to a heated discussion关于商店星期日也应该营业的提议，引起了激烈的争论。,2为了保持句子平衡，同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面。The story goes that William Tell killed the tyrant with an arrow传说威廉泰尔用箭射死了暴君。Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind突然我有一种顾虑：他可能会瞎。,3在表示建议、命令、请求、主张、目的、愿望等名词后面的同位语从句中，谓语动词必须采用虚拟语气结
24、构，即：(should)vHe gave orders that the work(should)be started immediately他发出指示要立即开始工作。Her suggestion is that we(should)give up the plan她建议我们应该放弃这个计划。,同位语从句和定语从句的差异1定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中担任某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。Have you forgotten about that money(that)I lent you last week？
25、你忘了上星期我借给你的钱了吧？(定语从句)The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill他想到可能是玛丽生病了。(同位语从句),2定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(定语从句)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him汤姆
26、将出国的消息是他讲的。(同位语从句),高考链接用恰当词语填空1(真题改编重庆)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday？Yeah，but I have no idea _ he did it； thats one of his favorite universities答案：why考查同位语从句。句意：麦克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，是真的吗？是的，但是我不清楚他为什么这么做，耶鲁大学是他喜欢的大学之一。why引导的从句作idea的同位语，由句意可知表示原因，故填why。,2(真题改编浙江)The o
27、nly way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field答案：that考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：高层次的成功的唯一方法就是要相信在体育运动方面你比任何人都要强。分析结构可知，此处 belief后接了同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，所以用that引导。,3(真题改编重庆)Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping pr
28、oblems are likely to continue when they grow up答案：that考查名词性从句。空格后的同位语从句句意完整，故用that引导。4(真题改编江苏)The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed答案：that考查名词性从句。空格后面的句子说明了notice的具体内容，是同位语从句；从句语意完整，故用that引导。,单句改错1There was a suggestion that Brown must be dropped from the team_
29、2I have no idea that he will come back_3The question if it is right or wrong depends on the result_,4The thought came to him when maybe the enemy had fled the city_5The order soon came all villagers should leave the village_答案：1must改为should2that改为when或whether3if改为whether4when改为that5came后加that,把下面两个句
30、子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句1Two fifths of all girls in America are on a dietThe fact worries their parents and teachers a lot_2The Queen of England was on a fourday visit in ChinaWe heard the news last night_,3Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time onlineMany Chinese parents hold the view_4Time travel is possib
31、leWe have no scientific proof of the idea_,5Students should be given more free timeThe suggestion is welcomed by many people_6Will the sports meeting be held on time？ The question will be discussed tomorrow_,7The headmaster will join us in hiking this SundayWe are glad at the news_8Where are we goin
32、g for the holiday？Have you thought about the question？_,9A new teacher will teach us English next termThe message reached me yesterday_10How did the accident come about？The driver refused to answer the policemans question_,答案：1The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries th
33、eir parents and teachers a lot2We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a fourday visit in China3Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online4We have no scientific proof of the idea that time travel is possible5The suggestion that student
34、s should be given more free time is welcomed by many people,6The question whether the sports meeting will be held on time will be discussed tomorrow7We are glad at the news that the headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday8Have you thought about the question where we are going for the holiday？9The message that a new teacher will teach us English next term reached me yesterday10The driver refused to answer the policemans question how the accident came about,
