1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修6,Global warming,Unit 4,Section Learning about Language,Unit 4,.根据词性及汉语提示写出单词及其拓展形式1_(n.)倾向；趋势_(vi.)&(vt.)趋向2_(adj.)分布广的；普遍的3_(adj.)平均的4_(n.)生存；存在_(vt.)存在；生存，生活5_(adj.)外部的；外面的,tendency,tend,widespread,average,existence,exist,outer,.短语互译1重视，强调_2有做某事的倾向 _3产生；成立 _4平均 _5大体上
2、；基本上 _,put/place emphasis onhave a tendency to do e into existenceon the/an averageon the whole,.对划线部分进行强调1Elizabeth first met MrSmith in New Zealand_2Mark Twain spent much of his childhood along the Mississippi River._3Because he was seriously ill,_he didnt come to school yesterday._,4Not who is ri
3、ght but what is right is of importance._5I didnt find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks._,答案：1.It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met MrSmith.2It was along the Mississippi River that Mark Twain spent much of his childhood3It was because he was seriousl
4、y ill that he didnt come to school yesterday.4It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance.5It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common.,1.tendency n倾向；趋势He has a tendency to forget things.他有健忘的倾向。Prices continue to show an upwa
5、rd tendency.物价呈继续上涨的趋势。知识拓展have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向You will have a tendency to grow fat.你有发胖的倾向。,活学活用补全句子我紧张时总爱唠叨。I _ _ _ _ talk too much when Im nervous.答案：have a tendency to,导学号39270274,2widespread adj分布广的；普遍的Food shortages are widespread食物短缺的情况很普遍。Hunger in North Korea remains widespread
6、饥荒在朝鲜仍然普遍存在。Will that translate into widespread adoption?它将得到广泛的应用吗？,活学活用补全句子目前在中国，食品浪费是个普遍问题。Nowadays in China, food waste is _ _ _.答案：a widespread problem,导学号39270275,3average adj.平均的；普通的 n平均数The average of 4,8 and 60 is 24.4、8和60的平均数是24。What is the average rainfall for August in your country?你们国家
7、八月份的平均降雨量是多少？It was an average piece of work.那是一件普通的产品。,知识拓展on(the) average平均above/below average高于/低于平均水平average out平均数为On the average, there are 300 tourists a week.每星期平均有300个游客。His reading ability is below the average.他的阅读能力低于一般水准。His performance is above the average.他的成绩在一般水平之上。,比较网站average，commo
8、n, ordinary, general, normal与usual,Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk.他平常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。This book is intended for the general reader，not for the specialist.这本书是为一般读者写的，不是为专家写的。Her temperature is normal.她的体温正常。He came home later than usual.他回家比平时晚了些。,
9、活学活用补全句子(1)(真题改编天津)他是一个好学生，大部分科目得分都在平均水平以上。He was a good student and scored _ _ in most subjects.用恰当词语填空(2)Chinese men _ average weigh 1.6kg heavier than 10 years ago, and women 1.8kg heavier, according to a survey published by the Chinese Nutrition Communication Conference.答案：(1)above average(2)on,
10、导学号39270276,4existence n生存；存在Pollution poses a threat to the existence of this species.污染对这一物种的生存造成了威胁。According to some philosopher, everything in existence is reasonable.某位哲学家认为，任何存在的事物都是合理的。,知识拓展(1)come into existence产生，成立bring.into existence使产生，成立in existence现存的(2)exist v存在；实际上有exist on靠生存existi
11、ng adj.现行的，目前的existent adj.现有的,活学活用用恰当词语填空(1)Her experiences indicate that there still _(exist) discrimination in the US.(2)With as many as 120 varieties _ existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy.答案：(1)exists句意：她的经历表明在美国仍然存在着歧视。本题考查动词。exist“存在”，用第三人称单数。(2)in句意：现有多达120种，发现癌症的运行(机制)是不容易的。本
12、题考查介词。in existence“存在着；现有”，根据语境可知答案。,导学号39270277,on the whole大体上；基本上My opinion is on the whole the same as yours.我的意见大体上和你的相同。On the whole, the tone was right.调子基本上是正确的。,比较网站on the whole与as a whole,Our party is on the whole successful.我们的聚会总的来说是成功的。The rule does not only apply to seniors, but to the
13、 school as a whole.该规则不仅用于毕业班，而且全校都适用。,活学活用选择on the whole或as a whole填空(1)A healthy economy is in the best interests of society _ _ _.(2)_ _ _ were happy living here, but it is a long way away from my parents home.答案：(1)as a whole(2)On the whole,导学号39270278,Lowlying countries feel their very existenc
14、e is in danger from rising sea levels.一些地势较低的国家由于海水的上涨而感到它们已陷入被海水淹没的危险之中。1lowlying在句中的意思是“位置低的”。这是一个复合形容词，由“形容词现在分词”构成。如：goodlooking好看的；easygoing随和的,知识拓展复合形容词有以下几种构成方法：(1)形容词形容词/分词/名词ed/名词darkblue深蓝的brightshining明亮的firstclass一流的kindhearted好心的,(2)名词形容词/分词/名词edsnowwhite雪白的manmade人造的timeconsuming费时的sto
15、nehearted铁石心肠的(3)副词分词/形容词/名词hardworking勤劳的wellknown著名的allround全面的offcampus校园外的,2in danger是介词短语，意为“在危险中”。如：He told me that the girl was in danger, so we went to help her.他告诉我那个女孩处境危险，因此我们去帮她。 知识拓展(be) out of danger脱险(脱离险境)(be) in danger of处于危险之中,温馨提示“inn.”表示“在(情况、状态)中”。in debt欠债in trouble 陷入困境in orde
16、r 井井有条in public 当众；公开in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪in sight 看见in silence 沉默着in a mess 乱七八糟，陷入窘境,活学活用补全句子吉尔伯特似乎有失去生命的危险，但幸运的是，他最终脱离了危险。It appeared that Gilbert was _ _ _ losing his life, but luckily he was _ _ _ in the end答案：in danger of; out of danger,导学号39270279,1it用于构成强调句式要强调一个句子中除谓语以外的句子成分(如主语、宾语、表语、状语等)。可以使
17、用“It is/was被强调部分that其他成分”这一句式。如：,新课标语法it的用法(),Leo began to teach us English two years ago.It was Leo who/that began to teach us English two years ago.(强调主语)It was English that Leo began to teach us two years ago.(强调宾语)It was two years ago that Leo began to teach us English.(强调时间状语),注意：(1)强调句子的主语句子的主
18、语结构设置复杂，有接不定式作定语的，有接定语从句作定语的，还有使用主语从句、并列结构或同位语结构的，这些会干扰学生的解题思路，但只要抓住了句子的主干，问题也就迎刃而解了。如：It was what he did that made his parents upset.It is the ability to do the job not where you come from or what you are that matters.,It is not where someone comes from and what a person looks like that is importan
19、t but what he grows up to be.说明：强调某人时，可以用who代替that，that(who)后面的谓语动词要和被强调部分的主语部分在语法上保持一致。如：It is I who am responsible for this case.,(2)强调句子中的时间、地点、方式等状语这些状语可以是状语从句，介词短语或介词短语中的名词后再接定语从句等。如：It was because it was raining hard that I was late for school.It was not until I arrived there that I began to k
20、now something about the matter.It was in the very house that was built with stones that he spent his childhooD,(3)强调句的一般疑问句式和特殊疑问句式一般疑问句式：Is/Wasit被强调部分that/who其他成分？如：Was it Leo that/who began to teach you English two years ago?Is it in your school that the famous professor will make a speech?,特殊疑问句式
21、：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他成分？Who was it that began to teach you English two years ago?What subject was it that Leo began to teach you two years ago?When was it that Leo began to teach you English?Where is it that the famous professor will make a speech?,说明：上述疑问句式可以用作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。如：I just wonder whether it
22、 was Leo that/who began to teach you English two years ago.The question is who it was that began to teach you English two years ago.I dont know what subject it was that Leo began to teach you two years ago.I havent the slightest idea when it was that Leo began to teach you English.,2not.until.句型的强调句
23、式句型为：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分普通句式：The little boy didnt go to bed until/till his mother came back.强调句式：It was not until his mother came back that the little boy went to bed说明：此句型只能使用until，不能用till。如果不使用强调句式，till与until一般可通用；因为“It is/was not.”已经是否定句了，that后面的部分要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。,3it引起的关于时间的容易混淆的句型(1)
24、Itis/has been/was一段时间since从句该句型常译为“自从以来已经一段时间了”。若since引导的从句使用一般过去时，主句中的时态要使用一般现在时或现在完成时；如果从句使用过去完成时态，主句中则使用一般过去时(was)；此时，从句中的谓语动词要使用非延续性动词。如：,It is many years since he left his hometown.他离开家乡许多年了。It has been three years since I began to stay in Beijing.我在北京已经待了三年了。比较：It has been three years since I
25、stayed in Beijing.我离开北京已经三年了。,(2)Itwas/will be一段时间before从句该句型中的时间常为long，a long time，years，months，weeks，days，hours，minutes等时间段。如果主句中的谓语动词使用肯定式，常译为“过了一段时间才/要过一段时间才能”；若使用否定式，常译为“没过一段时间就/用不了一段时间就会”或“不久就/不久就会”。主句的时态可以使用过去时was或将来时will be，用is时，before从句常使用一般现在时表示将来。如：,It was long before the police arrived过了
26、很久警察才来。It was not long before she learned those poems by heart.没过多久她就记住了那些诗歌。It will be three days before he makes a decision.要过三天他才能作出决定。It will not be hours before we meet again.要不了几个小时我们就会再见面的。,(3)Itis/wastimethat从句该句型常译为“(正)是的时候了”，可与Its time for sBto do sth.进行转换，属于虚拟语气结构。不管主句中使用is还是was(多用is)，tha
27、t从句都必须使用动词的过去式或“should动词原形”，time前可用about或high修饰，以加强语气。如：It is time (that) we handed in our exercises.It is high time that we should get started,(4)Itis/wasthe first/second/.timethat从句该句型常译为“这是第一次/第二次/做”。主句中的it可以替换为this或that。如果主句使用一般现在时is，从句要使用现在完成时；如果主句使用一般过去时was，从句则使用过去完成时。如：This is the first time
28、(that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.,1(2015真题改编重庆) Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognizeD答案：that句意：马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句与not until连用。It be not until that.故填that。,导学号39270411,2(2015真题改编重庆) It was when we were ret
29、urning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.答案：that考查强调句。3(真题改编天津)It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan.答案：that本题考查强调句。句意：直到接近信的末尾她才提到了她自己的计划。It is/was not until thatclause是not until的强调句句式，故填that。,4(真题改编重庆)It was with the h
30、elp of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued答案：that本题考查强调句。句意：是在当地导游的帮助下登山者被救的。分析结构可知，此处是强调句，强调的是句子的状语with the help of the local guide；由强调句的基本句子结构“It is/was被强调部分that(强调人可以用who)其他”可知应填that。,判断正误，改正错句1Why! I have nothing to confess.What it is that you want me to say?_2It was a white man t
31、hat the black men were speaking._3It was on the coast where lots of people disappeared_,导学号39270412,4It was the school where I taught for ten years after I graduated from university._5It was a sad thing that they also caught women and children._6It was not until you told me just now did I know the a
32、nswer._,7Not until you told me just now did I know the answer._8We do do a lot of work every day._9That we need is more time._10As a matter of fact，that is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match._,答案：1.it isis it2.speakingspeaking to3wherethat4.5.6.did I knowthat I kn
33、ew7.8.9.ThatWhat10.thatit,.单词拼写1There is a _(倾向) of wearing long hair.2The news caused _(广泛分布) concern in the society.3I spend 100 yuan on dinners each month on _(平均)4This is the oldest temple in _(存在)5He is running along the _(外面) edge of the track.答案：1.tendency2.widespread3.average4.existence5oute
34、r,导学号39270280,.判断下列句子是否是强调句型，并做出正确选择1(1)It was ten oclock _ he came back.()(2)It was at ten oclock _ he came back.()(3)It has been ten days _ I saw him last time.()Athat BwhenCsinceDwhich,导学号39270413,2(1)It is on the farm _ we practise flying kites.()(2)It is the farm _ we practise flying kites.()At
35、hat BwhereCthereDhere3(1)It was three years _ he came back from abroaD()(2)It was three years ago _ he went abroad for further study.Athat BwhenCsinceDbefore,答案：1(1)B否(2)A是(3)C否解析：(1)是一个时间状语从句；(2)是对时间状语进行强调的强调句；(3)是since引导的时间状语从句。句意：自从我上次见到他以来已经10天了。2(1)A是(2)B否解析：(1)是强调地点状语的强调句；(2)是由where引导的修饰farm的定语从句。,3(1)D否(2)A是解析：(1)是before引导的时间状语从句。句意：三年后他才从国外回来；(2)是强调时间状语的强调句。本题中凡是强调句，去掉It is/was.that仍完整。,
