1、.词汇过关1_vt.代表；象征_n代表；象征；描绘_n代表，代理人adj.有代表性的2_n社团；联系；联想_vt.结合；联合3_n飞行；航班4_adj.好奇的_adv.好奇地_n好奇心5_vt. & vi.接近；靠近n.接近；方法；途径6_vt.保护；保卫_n防御；保卫,7_adj.主要的v.主修；n.主修科目_n多数；大多数8_vt.误解；误会_n误解；误会9_vi.猛冲；突进10_adj.口语的_adj.未说出口的；非口语的11_n十字路口,答案：1.represent; representation; representive2association; associate3flight4
2、.curious; curiously; curiousity5approach6.defend; defense7.major; majority8misunderstand; misunderstanding9dash10.spoken; unspoken11crossroads,.短语自查1_保卫以免受2be likely to_3_总的来说，通常答案：1.defend.against2有可能，有希望3in general,.句式翻译1Yesterday, another student and I, representing our universitys student associ
3、ation, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students._2The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain._,3She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence._4Not all cultures greet
4、each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people._,5However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them._6Most people around the world now greet each other by sha
5、king hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow._,答案：1昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。2第一个到来的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼加西亚，紧随其后的是来自英国的朱莉娅史密斯。3朱莉娅看上去很吃惊，往后退了退，并抬起双手，像是防卫。4各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也不一样。,5不过，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。6
6、现在世界上多数人见面要握手相互问候，但有些文化(背景下的人)也会采取另外一些问候方式。比如，日本人就更愿意鞠躬。,.语篇理解仔细阅读课文，完成表格。,答案：1.greet2.shoulder3.surprised4.reached5touched6.back7.twice8.nodded9.close10strangers11.South American12.bow13.shaking,.单词突破1represent1)代表；象征The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries.
7、这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。The red lines on the map represent railways.这张地图上的红线代表铁路。,2)(用图画、戏剧、雕刻等)展示，描绘The picture represents a hunting scene.这是一幅行猎图。He represented himself as an expert.他声称自己是个专家。,3)正式提出(意见、想法等)Ill represent to him the risks that he is running.我会向他说明他所冒的危险。The lawyer represented to t
8、he court that the defendant was mentally unstable.律师向法庭陈述被告精神不正常。,【知识拓展】1)representation n. 代表，象征；描绘2)representative n. 代表，代理人，代表人物,【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)我们党代表人民的利益。Our party_ _ _of the people.(2)在这出戏中国王被刻画成了一个反面人物。The king_ _ _a villain in the play.(3)我们会在下星期把计划提交给委员会。We will_our plan_the committee next wee
9、k.,答案：(1)represents the interests(2)is represented as(3)represent; to,单项填空(4)Mr Mohammad was elected to_the company at the international conference.AreplaceBrepresentCpresent Dform答案：B本题考查动词的词义辨析。represent“代表”；replace“代替，取代”；present“呈现”；form“形成，构成”。根据句子意思“Mohammad先生被选出来代表公司来参加国际会议”可知B项正确。,2curious(a
10、dj.)1)curious (about/as to sth.)/curious to do sth.求知欲强的；好奇的The boy was curious about everything he saw.那男孩对所见的一切都感到好奇。Everyone was curious as to why Mark was leaving.马克为什么要离去，大家都感到好奇。Im curious to know what she said.我真想知道她说了什么。,2)curious(that.)稀奇古怪；奇特；不寻常She looks rather curious with green hair.她头发
11、是绿的，样子有点古怪。Its curious that he didnt tell you.他没有告诉你，实在反常。,【知识拓展】1)curiously(adv.) 好奇地；奇怪地2)curiousity(n.) 好奇心；求知欲；罕见之物，珍品,【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)对于不要你知道的事别去打听。Dont_ _ _things you are not supposed to know.(2)我很想知道那口古钟是怎么运转的。I am_ _ _how that old clock works.答案：(1)be curious about(2)curious to know,单项填空(3)(201
12、0天津5)People have always been_about exactly how life on earth began.Acurious BexcitedCanxious Dcareful答案：A题意：人们总是对地球上的生命的确切起源感到好奇。be curious about“对感到好奇”；be anxious about“为担心，渴望”；be careful about“对小心”。根据句意，A项正确。,(4)(2006辽宁28)People have always been curious_how things on the earth exactly began.Ain Ba
13、tCof Dabout答案：Dbe curious about“对感到好奇”。,(5)If you are_about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr Johnson.Ainterested BanxiousCupset Dcurious答案：Dbe interested in“对感兴趣”；be anxious about“为着急”；be upset at“对苦恼(不安)”；be curious about“对好奇的”。根据句子意思可知D正确。,3association n协会；社团Do you belong to any
14、 professional or trade associations?你参加了专业协会或行业协会没有？They founded the association to help families suffering from alcoholism.他们成立这个协会是帮助那些遭受酗酒之害的家庭。,【知识拓展】1)association n联合；联系；合伙；交往；联想His English improved enormously because of his association with British people.因为和英国人有来往，所以他的英语突飞猛进。There has always
15、been a close association between these two schools.这两所学校一向有密切联系。,She became famous through her association with several poets.她通过与几位诗人交往而出名了。Scotland has all kinds of happy associations for me.苏格兰给我各种各样的愉快的联想。,2)associate v联想；联系I have never associated you with this place.我从来没有把你和这个地方联系在一起。I wouldnt
16、want to be associated with Jims project.我不想和吉姆的计划有任何瓜葛。,【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)因为他和英国人往来，所以他的英语有很大提高。His English improved greatly because of his_ _British people.(2)你从大海能联想到什么？_ _does the sea have for you?(3)你是哪个专业学会的？Do you belong to any _ _？答案：(1)association with(2)What associations(3)professional associati
17、on,单项填空(4)Surely it doesnt matter where the student_get their money from; what counts is what they do with it.Aleagues BclubsCgroups Dassociations答案：D本题考查名词的意义辨析。leagues指为特殊目的而成立的“同盟，联合会”；clubs指有共同兴趣或爱好的人组织的“俱乐部”；groups“组，团，群”，有较大的随意性；associations是为共同目的而成立的“协会，学会，社团”。根据句子意思可知D为正确答案。,4approach1)vi./v
18、t. 走近，靠近，接近As you approach the town the first building you see is the church.接近那座城镇的时候，首先看到的就是教堂。The time is approaching when we have to leave.我们要离开的时刻越来越近了。Hes approaching 80.他快八十岁了。,2)n. 靠近，接近，临近；通路，入口；方法，方式，常与介词to连用a new approach to cancer treatment 治疗癌症的新方法The approach of winter brings cold weat
19、her.冬天即将来临，天气变得寒冷。All approaches to the town were blocked.通往这座城镇的所有道路都被封锁了。He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through storytelling.他决定采用一种不同的方法，通过讲故事来教授圣经。,【词语辨析】approach，method，manner，way, means这些名词均含有“方法；办法”之意。1)approach指从事某事的特别方法、途径。The school has decided to adopt a diff
20、erent approach to discipline.学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。2)method意指一个详细的，逻辑有序的计划；系统的具有一定理论性的方法，强调条理性和高效率。Our teacher is showing us a new method of writing.老师告诉我们一种书写的新方法。,3)manner强调的是行动或步骤的具有个性和独特性的方法，主要表示个人喜欢采用的方式。I dont object to what she says, but I strongly disapprove of her manner of saying it.我并不反对她说的话
21、，但我很反感她说这话的方式。4)way指做事情的方法、方式，也可泛指思想方法，生活方式等。Each successful manager has a way of his own in bringing his views to bear.每一个成功的经理都有他自己独特的方式使别人接受他的意见。,5)means指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径。Television is an effective means of communication.电视是一种有效的通讯手段。,【牛刀小试】(1)(2009浙江6)The system has been designed to give s
22、tudents quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.Aaccess BpassageCway Dapproach答案：A考查名词词义辨析。access“接近或使用的权利或机会”；passage“通道”；way“方法”；approach“办法”。题意：这个系统的目的在于让学生能够快速简单的查阅图书馆里的电子资料。故选A。,(2)(2006湖北24)At the meeting they discussed three different_to the study of mathematics.Aapproaches B
23、meansCmethods Dways答案：A题意：在会议上，他们讨论了三种不同的数学学习方法。approach指从事某事的特别方法、途径，译作 “(待人接物或思考问题的)方式、方法、态度”。approach与介词to搭配，其余三个词与介词of搭配。,完成句子(3)国庆节即将来临。National Day_ _.(4)在我们接近时，敌人跑了。The enemy ran away_ _ _.答案：(3)is approaching(4)as we approached,5defend (vt.)1)防御，保卫，保护，常说defend sb./sth. from/against sb./sth.H
24、e picked up a stick to defend himself from the dog.他拿起一根棍子防卫，免得被狗咬。2)为辩护；辩白How can you defend the killing of animals for scientific research?你怎能为因科学研究而杀死动物的行为辩护呢？,【知识拓展】defence (n.) 保卫，防卫，防御；辩护，辩解Many soldiers died in defence of our motherland during the war.在战争中许多战士为了保卫我们的祖国而牺牲。She said in defence
25、that she had not seen the“No Parking”sign.她辩白说她没看见“不准停车”的标志。,【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)这个课程旨在培训学生防备可能的袭击。The course aims to train students to_ _ _any possible attacks.(2)我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道这件事。I have to say_ _ _that she knew nothing about it beforehand.答案：(1)defend themselves from/ against(2)in her defense,6major1)(
26、adj.)主要的；重要的；大的Shanghai is one of the major cities in China.上海是中国的主要城市之一。This quartet represents a major new trend in modern music.这首四重奏的曲子反映了现代音乐中一种主要的新趋向。We have encountered major problems.我们已遇到重大的问题。,2)(n.)C主修课程；专业课Her major is French.她的主修科目是法语。C主修学生；主修生She is a French major.她是法语专业的学生。C少校Hes a ma
27、jor in the US army.他是美国陆军少校。,3)(V.)major in sth.主修She majored in maths and physics(at university)她(在大学)主修数学和物理。Alice majors in economics.艾丽丝主修经济学。,【知识拓展】1)majority(n.)多数，大半The majority of doctors agree that smoking is harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟危害健康。2)minor (adj.)较小的；次要的；轻微的minority (n.) 少数，小部分There
28、 may be some minor changes to the schedule.时间安排也许会有小小的变动。,【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)这车需要大修。The car needs_ _.(2)他主修历史。He_ _ _history.(3)大多数接受采访的人都喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。_ _ _ _interviewed prefer TV to radio.答案：(1)major repairs(2)is majoring in(3)The majority of people,单项填空(4)Scientists think they have broken through in th
29、eir attempt to find the causes of some_diseases.Amajor BmainCchief Dleading,答案：A本题考查形容词的用法。major指同其他人或其他物、问题等相比较，显得更加重要和突出的。main通常只用于指物，指在一定范围内，某物的重要性、体积或力量等超过其他事物。chief指人时，表同类中职位最高的，权力最大的；指物时，表同类中重要、价值最高的。leading侧重指具有影响力或凝聚力，从而有主导和引导作用的。根据句意可知，A正确。major diseases“重大疾病”。,7misunderstand (v.) 误会，误解He c
30、ompletely misunderstood my intention.他完全误解了我的意图。Dont misunderstand me.不要误解我的意思。,【知识拓展】1)misunderstanding (n.) 误会，误解I think there must have been some misunderstanding. I didnt order all these books.我想准是出了点误会，我并没有订购所有这些书。We must clear up the misunderstanding between us.我们必须澄清我们俩之间的误会。We had a little m
31、isunderstanding with our neighbours last night.昨晚我们和邻居发生了一点小争执。,2)mis为否定前缀，许多动词前加上mis后构成动词含有“错误地”之意。misuse 误用，滥用 mistake 误会，误解mistreat 虐待,【牛刀小试】完成句子你误解了我的话。Youve_ _ _ _.答案：misunderstood what I said,8dash (v.) 突然而急促的往前冲；急奔The children dashed out immediately the bell rang.铃声刚响过，孩子们就冲了出去。【知识拓展】dash(n.)
32、 猛冲，急奔the 100meter dash 百米赛跑When the door opened, there was a mad dash for seats.门一开，人们便疯狂地朝座位奔去。,【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)他急匆匆地赶去赴约。She_ _to keep an appointment.(2)他跳下公共汽车，直奔近处的酒吧。He jumped off the bus and_ _ _ _the nearest bar.答案：(1)dashed off (2)made a dash for,9likely(adj.)1)likely(to do sth.)/likely(that.)
33、可能的；预期的；有希望的Young drivers are far more likely to have accidents than older drivers.年轻司机发生车祸的可能性远远大于较年长的司机。Its more than likely that the thieves dont know how much it is worth.盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。,2)似乎合适的；仿佛恰当的This looks a likely field for mushrooms.这地看来适合长蘑菇。She seems the most likely candidate for the job
34、.这项工作，她似乎是最合适的人选。,【词语辨析】likely, possible, probable这三个形容词都可以表示“可能的”。1)likely指“从表面迹象来看很有可能”；主语可以是人或物，构成句型： be likely to do sth. It is likely that.；例如：The likely outcome of the contest varies from moment to moment.比赛结果可能每分钟都在变化。It isnt likely to rain.不大像要下雨。,It is likely that he will come.他可能会来。,2)poss
35、ible指“由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生”，强调“客观上有可能，但常含有实际希望很小的意思”。主语为物不用人，构成句型：be possible to do. It is possible that. It is possible for sb. to do.as.as possibleFrost is possible, although unlikely, at this time of year.在一年中的这个时候，下霜也是可能的，虽然可能性并不大。Come as quickly as possible/as you can.尽快来吧。,3)probable语气比 possible
36、强，指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物”有“大概、可能”的意思。主语为物不用人，构成句型：It is probable that.Rain is possible but not probable this evening.今晚可能有雨，但不一定准下。It seems probable that he will arrive before dusk.他似乎有可能黄昏前到达。,【牛刀小试】(1)(2010陕西22)Studies show that people are more_to suffer from back problems if they always sit before com
37、puter screens for long hours.Alikely BpossibleCprobable Dsure,答案：A题意：研究表明如果人们长时间坐在电脑屏幕前，他们更可能遭受一些背部问题。A、B、C三个选项中只有likely 的主语可以是人；而D项sure 不符合句意。,(2)Nowadays, within a short walk along a busy street, you are_to find a chain store_a fastfood restaurant, a bakery or a supermarket.Aprobable; some kindsBl
38、ikely; of some kindCpossible; some kind ofDunlikely; some kind of答案：B sb. be likely to do sth.意为“某人可能”；of some kind做后置定语修饰a chain store。,(3)There are few pieces of electronic equipment_to raise fears regarding future employment chances than computers.Alikely Bmore likelyCpossibly Dmore possibly答案：B后
39、面的than决定了前面必然有比较级，more likely to do对前面内容加以解释。,(4)Id like to learn more about the Doha Asian Games.Better try_the CCTV website, and you are likely _ the information in no time.Ato visit; to get Bto visit; gettingCvisiting; to get Dvisiting; getting答案：C本题考查非谓语动词的用法。try在这里表示“试试”的意思，后面跟动名词；be likely后面跟不
40、定式。,(5)The microphone enabled them to keep in touch; in other words, it made it_for them to contact each other.Alikely BcapableCpossible Dprobable答案：Ccapable“有才能的，能胜任的”，常与of连用。possible指客观上有可能，但希望很小；probable比possible可能性大，指有实际依据；likely指从外表迹象进行判断，有可能发生的事，根据句意可知，C为正确答案。,10avoid v避免；回避；躲开avoidn./doing避免T
41、o avoid the car hitting him，he had to make a sharp turn.为避免被车撞上，他不得不来个急拐弯。This leaflet tells you how to avoid getting ill while travelling.这本小册子告诉你怎样在旅游期间不生病。Tom was embarrassed and tried to avoid us the next day.汤姆很尴尬，第二天设法躲着我们。,【词语辨析】avoid与escape二者都有“逃避”的意思，后面都跟名词或动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式。avoid指在做某事之前有意避开。es
42、cape指在做某事的过程中逃脱或逃离。,【牛刀小试】(1)There was a large box behind the door and Peter couldnt _falling over it in the darkness.Ahelp BresistCavoid Dprevent答案：Cavoid“避免”，后接动名词或名词；cant(couldnt)help doing sth.“禁不住做”；prevent常与from搭配，表示“阻止做”。根据句子意思“门后有一个大箱子，在黑暗中Peter不可避免地摔了一跤”可知，C为正确答案。,(2)Try to use travelers ch
43、eques if possible and avoid_too much money.Ato bring BbringingCto have brought Dhaving brought答案：B动词avoid后跟动名词形式做宾语，而不接动词不定式。动名词的一般式表示一般情况，动名词的完成式强调动名词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。,(3)I find it hard to get along with Miss Anderson, and therefore I always avoid_together with her.Ato leave alone Bleaving aloneCto b
44、e left alone Dbeing left alone答案：D动词avoid后跟动名词形式做宾语，而不接动词不定式。I与leave之间构成动宾关系，因此，应用动名词的被动式，being left alone“被单独留下来与她在一起”。,.短语精讲1in general 通常，大体上，总的来说In general, Japanese cars are very reliable and breakdowns are rare.日本汽车通常是很可靠的，发生故障的情况很少。In general, her work is good.总的来说，她的工作不错。,【牛刀小试】I am glad to find myself_accord with your opinions.Ain common Bin particularCin general Din short答案：C本题考查固定短语的用法。in common(with)“与有共同处，(和)一样”；in general“大体上，通常，一般说来”；in particular“特别，尤其”；in short“简单地说，总之”。根据句子意思“我很高兴地发现我的意见与你的看法基本一致”可知，C为正确答案。,
