1、Section Learning about Language,Using Language,Summing Up & Learning Tip,一,二,三,四,五,六,一、学习下面的生词,选择合适的词并用其恰当形式完成句子,1.Several companies have announced their intention to compete for the project.2.It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to than more experienced ones.3. his mouth,he i
2、s handsome.4.My father had won the game,and my family shot off to celebrate it.答案:1.construction2.contribute3.Apart from4.fireworks,一,二,三,四,五,六,二、将下列单词与相对应的释义搭配起来AB 1.spina.being careful to avoid danger2.backwardb.to refuse3.cautiousc.to turn around very quickly4.universed.in the direction behind yo
3、u5.rejecte.showing much interest in sth6.enthusiasticf.all space;a world答案:1.c2.d3.a4.f5.b6.e,一,二,三,四,五,六,三、短语互译A.温故:从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思 1.lead to 2.at times 3.for that reason B.知新:从文中找出与下列释义对应的英文1.对严格的2.讲得通;有意义答案:A.1.通向;导致2.有时3.因为那个原因B.1.(be)strict with (in).2.make sense,二,三,四,五,六,四、阅读课文COPERNICUS
4、REVOLUTIONARY THEORY,找出下列句子,并说出其中的过去分词所作的成分1.Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.frightened在句子中作;confused在句子中作。2.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.fixed在句子中作。答案:1.表语;表语2.定语,一,
5、二,三,四,五,六,五、根据对话情景和内容,从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两个为多余选项Jack:Hi,Frank.Frank:Hi,Jack.Jack:1Frank:Yes,I have some books to read,but I can do it later.Jack:I want you to do me a favor.Frank:Go ahead.2Jack:Professor Smith is coming this afternoon.I am expected to meet him at the airport,but I have an
6、 important meeting to go to.Frank:I can do it for you.3,一,二,三,四,五,六,Jack:Hes about your age,in his early thirties.Tall and handsome.Frank:4Jack:Oh,about three oclock.He is taking Flight 231 from Detroit.Thank you.Frank:5A.See you this afternoon.B.How can I recognize him?C.What do you want me to do?,
7、一,二,三,四,五,六,D.Are you free this afternoon?E.When should I leave for the airport?F.I am honored to meet the famous professor.G.Are you going to the meeting this afternoon?答案:15 DCBEF,一,二,三,四,五,六,六、阅读课文COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARY THEORY,回答下列问题1.What did Nicolaus Copernicus mathematical calculations lead
8、to? 2.Why couldnt Nicolaus Copernicus tell others about his discovery?,一,二,三,四,五,六,3.When did Nicolaus Copernicus publish his ideas? 4.Did Christian Church support Nicolaus Copernicus theory? 5.How many scientists are mentioned in this passage?Who are they?,一,二,三,四,五,六,答案:1.They led to the same conc
9、lusion that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.2.Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.3.As he lay dying in 1543.4.No,it didnt.Instead,it rejected his theory.5.Four scientists.Nicolaus Copernicus,Isaac Newton,Albert Einstein and
10、Stephen Hawking.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1.contribute vt.捐助(P4)Many warm-hearted people contributed some money to the poor village.许多热心肠的人为那个贫穷的村庄捐献了一些钱。Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford.人人都应该尽自己所能作贡献。When someone is in great trouble,all of us should contribute to help him out.当有人面临巨大困难时,我们
11、都应该进行捐助,帮他摆脱困境。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义Ive been asked to contribute an article to the language magazine.有人要我给那份语言杂志撰稿。词性:及物动词含义:为撰稿Fresh air and exercise contribute to our health.新鲜空气和锻炼有助于我们的健康。词性:不及物动词含义:有助于,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,【高考典句】(2014课标全国高考)By the closing decades of the 19th century,
12、the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood,which scattered the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.到19世纪最后几十年里,旅鸽栖息的阔叶林已经由于美国人对木材的需求所损坏,这驱散了一群群的旅鸽,迫使这些鸽子飞到更遥远的北方,在那
13、里,寒冷的气温和春天的暴风雨造成了它们的减少。词性:不及物动词含义:导致,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义【高考典句】(2015江苏高考)Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.像T恤衫这样的物品让志愿者因为他们的贡献而被公众识别出,这有助于加强角色身份。词性:名词含义:贡献归纳:make a contribution to/toward.的含义是“
14、为作贡献”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,The writer contributes most of the money,which she earns by contributing articles to some newspapers,to some poor children.She thinks it contributes to the childrens health and education.这位作家把自己给一些报纸写稿挣的大部分钱都捐给了一些穷孩子。她认为这有助于这些孩子的健康和教育。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,即学即用,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,
15、6,7,2.Apart from the construction mentioned above,you have also learned the following phrases.(P4)除了上面提到的结构,你们还学过以下短语。考点:apart from除之外;此外【高考典句】(2015广东高考)I must have been a terrible danger on the roads.Coming across me wandering through the traffic,motorists probably would have to step rapidly on the
16、ir brakes.Apart from that,there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.我一定是公路上的一个可怕的危险人物。遇到我在车辆中穿行,驾驶员总得快速刹车。除此之外,还有各种各样的灾难常发生在上下班的路上。It is a good article apart from a few slight faults.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,除了有几个小毛病外,这是一篇好文章。考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词或词组的意义或用法She understands Japa
17、nese besides/apart from English.=In addition to English,she understands Japanese.除了英语之外,她还懂日语。besides和in addition to同义,表示 “除之外(还)”。He gets up early every day except/apart from Sunday.除星期天外,他每天早起。He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days.除了在过去几天里有
18、些头痛之外,他身体一直很好。except表示“除外;(其余都)”,常与,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,all,every,no,none,nothing等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用,指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分。except 后面也可接that等引导的从句。The room was very cold and,except for/apart from Jack,entirely empty.这个房间很冷,而且除了杰克,完全是空荡荡的。except for的宾语与叙述对象完全是两回事,通常肯定整体,用except for引出部分不足。Everyone attended the meetin
19、g but/except/apart from Mary.大家都出席了这次会议,但玛丽不在其列。归纳:but常可与except互换,强调“其宾语不在其中”。 apart from的含义主要依据上下文而定,常与besides,in addition to,except for等换用。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,即学即用,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,3.(be) strict with(P6) 对严格的【高考典句】Conscientious people are very strict with themselves.认真尽责的人们严格要求自己。His parents
20、 are strict with him and his brothers.他的父母对他和他的兄弟们要求严格。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的不同You ought to be stricter with him.你应该对他再严格一些。(be)strict with的宾语通常是人。The teacher is strict in his job.老师对他的工作要求很严格。(be)strict in的宾语通常是事物。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,be strict with sb对某人要求严格be strict in sth对某事要求严格,1,2,3,4,5,6
21、,7,即学即用,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,4.Although he had tried to ignore them,all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.(P7)虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字,然而他所有的数学计算都得出一个相同的结论:地球不是太阳系的中心。剖析1:本句中含有一个although引导的让步状语从句。【高考典句】(2015湖南高考)Although the
22、job takes a significant amount of time,most students agree that the experience is worth it.尽管这项工作需要占用大量的时间,但是大部分学生认为这些经历还是值得的。注意:引导让步状语从句的词或短语还有:though,while,even if/though,however,whatever,no matter what等。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Even if/though we have achieved great success in our work,we shouldnt be too pr
23、oud.即使我们在工作上获得了很大的成功,也不应该太骄傲。剖析2:主句中led to的宾语conclusion之后的内容是一个同位语从句,用来说明其内容。在hope,wish,information,news,suggestion,advice,thought,evidence,possibility等名词后,常跟同位语从句说明其内容。【高考典句】(2015浙江高考)Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?你有可能在机场接我吗?No problem.没问题。He expressed his hope t
24、hat he could visit China again one day.他表达了他的愿望,他希望有一天能再次参观中国。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,即学即用,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,5.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(P7)只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。剖析:if在句中引导状语从句;only放在句首用来加强语气。本句是一个倒装句。为了加强语气,only修饰状语或状语从句并置
25、于句首时,句子或主句需要用部分倒装语序。only 位于句首,如果后面接的不是状语时,句子不倒装。【高考典句】(2015湖南高考)Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.只有在和这两个学生交谈之后,我才发现拥有强烈的动机是实现目标最大的因素之一。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,【高考典句】(2015天津高考)Only when Lily walked into the office d
26、id she realize that she had left the contract at home.只有当莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。Only she can do it well.只有她能够把这件事情做好。注意:阅读下列句子,指出only if和if only的含义和用法,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,only if“只有,只要”,通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句if only“但愿/要是就好了”,通常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Only if you study hard will you pass the test.只有努力学习,你才会
27、通过这次考试。含义:只有/只要,该词组通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句。If only I hadnt driven so fast!要是我驾驶得没有那么快就好了!含义:但愿/要是就好了,该词组通常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点:make sense讲得通;有意义【高考典句】(2015天津高考)See,your computer has broken down again!It doesnt make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.瞧,你的电脑又坏了!只
28、为了省几美元而买最廉价的牌子的电脑是没有意义的。His argument does not make sense.他的争论没有意义。考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义Can you make sense of what the teacher is saying?你能明白这个老师在说什么吗?意义:理解/明白,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,make sense of理解,明白talk sense 讲道理,说得有理a sense of smell/touch/hearing/taste/sight 嗅觉/触觉/听觉/味觉/视觉in a sense在某种意义上comm
29、on sense常识,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,即学即用,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.(P7)他把一个固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心,所有的行星围绕它转动,同时也只有月球绕着地球转动。剖析:with the planets going round it 是with复合结构,在句子中作状语。注意:wit
30、h复合结构由“with+复合宾语”组成,常在句中作状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等,也可作定语。其构成形式通常有六种形式,阅读下列句子,指出with复合结构的构成形式。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,With prices going up so fast,we cant afford luxuries.由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起奢侈品。构成形式:with+名词(或代词)+动词-ing形式I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我在房间里坐了一会儿,眼睛盯着天花板。构成形式:w
31、ith+名词(或代词)+过去分词I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。构成形式:with+名词(或代词)+形容词,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,【高考典句】(2015福建高考)In the picture,we can see a boy in worn clothes,sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.在图中我们可以看见一个身穿破旧衣服的男孩坐在一个堆满书的破旧木桌子旁边。构成形式:with+名词(或代词)+介词短语He was asleep with
32、 the light on.他睡着了,灯还亮着。构成形式:with+名词(或代词)+副词With a lot of work to do,he wasnt allowed to go out.因为有很多工作要做,所以他不能外出。构成形式:with+名词(或代词)+动词不定式,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,with复合结构的构成形式:1.with+名词或代词+动词-ing形式2.with+名词或代词+过去分词3.with+名词或代词+形容词4.with+名词或代词+介词短语5.with+名词或代词+副词6.with+名词(或代词)+动词不定式,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,即学即用,1,2,3,4,
33、5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7.The Christian Church rejected his theory,saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked.(P7)基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论,说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意,而支持这种理论的人会受到打击。剖析1:动词-ing短语saying it was against.在句中作伴随状语。【高考典句】(2015湖南高考)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologe
34、tic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,wondering whether to stay or leave.当店员看到那张慈祥且布满皱纹的脸上挂着一丝歉意的笑容,她呆呆地站在原地,不知是走还是留。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,剖析2:who引导的定语从句who supported it修饰名词people。We should help those who are in trouble.我们帮助那些处于困境的人们。考点:reject vt. 拒绝;不接受;抛弃I dont want to reject any help.我不想拒绝任何帮助。We rej
35、ected his idea.我们没有接受他的想法。Choose the good apples and reject the bad ones.挑好的苹果,把坏的扔掉。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸1)辨析:reject与refusereject表示“拒不接受,不采纳”,后直接跟名词或代词作宾语,不能跟不定式,其语气较强。因为某物不令人满意、有缺陷或无用而被拒绝,暗示无条件地拒绝,一般是直截了当地表达。refuse表示“拒绝”,后接动词不定式,可用人或物作主语,通常暗示决心且常带有粗鲁之意。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Our plan has been rejected.我们的计划遭到拒绝。He refused to answer any question.他拒绝回答任何问题。2)阅读下列句子,指出下列黑体词的词性及含义He became angry because of my rejection.他因为我的拒绝而恼羞成怒。词性:名词含义:拒绝,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,即学即用,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,
