1、Unit 4 Global warming,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,【文章导语】Researchers have found a link between the heating up of the Earth and the size of mammals.For example,as temperatures went up,the size of horses went down,and vice versa1.Could global warming make us shorter?“Global warming could make humans shorter,”warn r
2、esearchers who claim to have found evidence that it caused the worlds first horses to shrink2 nearly 50 million years ago.,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,In fact,a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the heating up of the Earth and the size of mammalshorses,in this ca
3、se.Researchers used fossils to follow the evolution of horses from their earliest appearance 56 million years ago.“As temperatures went up their size went down,and vice versa;at one point they were as small as a house cat,”said Dr.Jonathan Bloch,curator3 of the Florida Museum of Natural History.The
4、researchers say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammalsand could even make humans smaller.,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,“Horses started out small,about the size of a small dog like a miniature schnauzer4.Whats surprising is that after they first appeared,they then became even smaller and th
5、en dramatically increased in size,and that exactly corresponds to the global warming event,followed by cooling.“It had been known that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm,but we hadnt understood that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size,” Dr.Bloch said
6、 in the Science journal.,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,译文:研究人员警告:“全球变暖会让人类变矮。”他们声称已经找到全球变暖引起5千万年前最早出现的马变小的证据。事实上,一个来自佛罗里达州和内布拉斯加州的大学的团队声称他们已经找到了全球变暖和哺乳动物体型大小之间的联系这一案例中的哺乳动物就是指的马。研究人员利用化石追溯马从5600万年前诞生至今的进化历程。“随着温度的升高,它们的个头变小,反之则变大;它们曾一度像家猫一样大。”来自佛罗里达州的自然历史博物馆馆长乔纳森布洛赫博士这样说到。研究人员称,目前的变暖也许会对哺乳动物产生相同的影响甚至会让人类的身高也变矮。,词海
7、拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,“马最初的个头很小,和小狗的个头差不多,与迷你雪纳瑞犬不相上下。让人惊讶的是,最初马诞生一段时间之后,它们的个子甚至变得更小,之后又显著地变大,而这些变化和全球变暖以及之后的变冷正好是一致的。布洛赫博士在科学杂志上发文说:“众所周知,哺乳动物在当时个头比较小,而且那时候气温较暖和,但我们还没意识到正是气温驱使着身体大小的变化。”,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,1.vice versa /vaIsvs/ adv.反之亦然2.shrink /rIk/ v.(使)缩小;减少3.curator /kjreIt(r)/ n.馆长,负责人4.miniature /mInt(r)/
8、 schnauzer /nz/ 迷你雪纳瑞犬;小种髯狗,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,“Global warming could make humans shorter,”warn researchers who claim to have found evidence that it caused the worlds first horses to shrink nearly 50 million years ago.译文 研究人员警告:“全球变暖会让人类变矮。”他们声称已经找到全球变暖引起5千万年前最早出现的马变小的证据。剖析 句中warn researchers在直接引语后采用了倒装形
9、式。who claim to have found evidence为定语从句,修饰先行词researchers;that it caused the worlds first horses to shrink.为evidence的同位语。,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,1.From the passage,we know that mammals become smaller.A.on account of the bad environment B.due to the evolutionC.because of the global warming D.for lack of food
10、and water2.What should we do in our daily life to reduce global warming?,答案：C,答案：The answer may vary.,Section Warming Up,Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending,一,二,三,四,一、写作词汇语境考查:预习Reading部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段。1.The boy said he could lift the heavy stone.Theres no (疑问) about it.2.I (瞥见) at Tom in the stree
11、t just now.Impossible.It cant be him.Hes gone to Shanghai.3.How often do you (订阅) newspapers?It depends,but usually twice a year.4.Theres a (稳定的) increase in the temperature during the recent years after 2012.Yes,it has been like this for a few years.,doubt,glanced,subscribe to,steady,一,二,三,四,5.The
12、scientist (声称) that the temperature is going to (继续) (上升) for decades or centuries (即使) we start to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.,stated,keep on,going up,even if,一,二,三,四,二、阅读词汇预习Reading部分的词汇,写出画线部分的汉语意思。Dear Ray,Recently,our manager told me to sort out the fuel 1. c
13、onsumption in our company and draw a graph 2. to show how much fuel is consumed 3. per month.I dont want to make the graph at random 4.Could you please help me collect some useful data 5. so that I can make a detailed graph?I would appreciate it if you can help me.Looking forward to your early reply
14、!Yours,Li Hua,燃料,图表,消费,随便地,资料,一,二,三,四,三、课文理解1. made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1977.A.Dr Janice FosterB.Charles KeelingC.George HambleyD.Sophie Armstrong2.Some scientists like George Hambley think that the temperature increase will .A.cause a
15、 rise of several metres in the sea levelB.cause the spread of diseases and the disappearance of speciesC.encourage a greater range of animalsD.cause severe storms,floods,droughts and famines,答案：B,答案：C,一,二,三,四,3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A.Greenhouse gases refer to some byp
16、roducts of the burning of fossil fuels.B.The global warming is a random rather than natural phenomenon.C.The temperature in the last century increased by as high as 5 degrees.D.Fewer greenhouse gases will gather in the atmosphere.,答案：A,一,二,三,四,四、下面是课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读并根据课文内容将其补充完整Sophie Armstrong explores
17、how global warming has come about and 1. it matters,because it is a rapid increase when 2. (compare) to other natural changes.Its human activity 3. has caused this global warming.Dr.Janice Foster explains that even if greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon,we add huge 4. (quantity)of extra carbon
18、 dioxide into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.From the second graph and 5.(discover) of Charles Keeling,all scientists believe that the burning of more and more fossil fuels has resulted 6. the increase in carbon dioxide.,whether,compared,that,quantities,discovery,in,一,二,三,四,However,the attit
19、udes of scientists towards the rise are 7. (complete) different.On the one hand,Dr Foster thinks that any trend in which the temperature increases by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe.On the other hand,there are those,like George Hambley,who 8.(oppose) to the view.He states that more carbon dioxide w
20、ould encourage a 9. (great) range of animals and bring us a better life.The climate is going to keep on 10.(warm) for decades or centuries,but no one knows the effects of global warming.,completely,are opposed,greater,warming,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1.but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natura
21、l changes.(P26)但跟其他自然变化相比较而言,这却是一种快速的增长。考点when compared to.when compared to.是时间状语从句的省略,其完整形式为when it is compared to.。再如:Film has a much shorter history,especially when compared to such art forms as music and painting.电影的历史短得多,尤其是它与诸如音乐、绘画等艺术形式相比较时。When compared to our small flat,Toms house seemed li
22、ke a palace.和我们的小公寓相比,汤姆的房子就像是宫殿。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,考点延伸一般来说,在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,如果该从句的主语与主句主语一致或主语是it,且从句中含有be,则可把从句的主语连同be一起省略掉。如:If (I am) given another chance,I will do it much better.要是再给我一次机会,我会把它做得更好。Even if (I were) invited to the party,I wouldnt go.即使受邀去参加聚会,我也不会去。【温馨提示】被省略后的动词可以是过去分词(表示被动意义),也可以
23、是动词-ing形式(表示主动意义)。Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.过马路时一定要小心。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,2.So how has this come about and does it matter?(P26)那么这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢?有影响吗?考点一come about是不及物动词短语,意为“发生,造成”。Please tell me how the accident came about.I am still in the dark.请
24、告诉我这个事故是如何发生的,我还不清楚。Its already 10 oclock.I wonder how it came about that she was two hours late on such a short trip.现在已经10点了,我想知道这么短的路途她怎么会迟到两个小时。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出come的短语和意义。I came across this book in an old bookstore in London.我在伦敦一家旧书店里发现了这本书。短语 come across意义 偶遇,偶然发现That magazine co
25、vering the modern art will come out next month.那个涉及当代艺术的杂志下个月要出版。短语 come out意义 出版The matter will come up for discussion next week.这件事将会在下周讨论时被提出来。短语 come up意义 被提出,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,come about 发生;造成come across 偶遇;偶然发现come out 出来;开花;出版;结果是come up 发生;被提出;(植物)长出地面,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,考点二matter vi.有关系;要紧Does i
26、t matter if we are a bit late?我们晚到一会儿有关系吗?考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会matter的短语及意义。If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother,the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.如果将没有母亲陪同的婴儿放入不熟悉的游戏室,不管那些玩具多么有趣,婴儿都不会去注意。短语 no matter (how)意义 不管(怎样),1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,To make matter
27、s worse,now I have to share a room with my younger sister,Maggie.更糟糕的是,现在我不得不和我的妹妹玛吉共住一屋。短语 to make matters worse意义 更糟糕的是,no matter how/what.不管to make matters worse更糟糕的是,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,3.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activit
28、y that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.(P26)毫无疑问,地球正在变暖,并且全球变暖正是人类活动导致的,而不是一种无规律的自然现象。剖析此句中it is human activity that has caused.为强调句。句型:It is/was+被强调部分(除了谓语的任何句子成分)+that(当强调部分指人时也可用who)+其他部分。It is Wei Fang that/who has broken the record.就是魏方打破了纪录。,1,2,3,4,5
29、,6,7,8,考点There is no doubt that.意为“是毫无疑问的”,that引导同位语从句,说明doubt的内容。【高考典句】(2015安徽高考)This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent,but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.这并不意味着我们正或多或少地变得聪明,但毫无疑问的是,我们使用记忆的方式正在改变。考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出含doubt的句型、短语及意义。There is some doubt
30、whether he will come in time.他是否能及时赶到值得怀疑。句型 Theres some doubt whether.意义 值得怀疑,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,We are in doubt about what to do next.我们不知道下一步要做什么。短语 in doubt意义 怀疑的;不确定的Research proves this feeling without (a) doubt.研究毫无疑问地证实了这种感觉。短语 without (a) doubt意义 无疑地;确实地No doubt he wonders whether he wasnt hap
31、pier in his village working his own land.毫无疑问,他思索着他以前在自己村庄的土地上劳作时到底是不是不如现在幸福。短语 no doubt意义 无疑地,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,2)阅读下列句子,体会doubt所在句子的句式及其后从句的连接词。I dont doubt that he can finish the task on time.我相信他能按时完成任务。句式 否定句连接词 thatDo you doubt that she will succeed?你怀疑她会成功吗?句式 疑问句连接词 thatI doubt whether/if they
32、 can swim across the river.我怀疑他们能否游过河去。句式 肯定句连接词 whether/if,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,误:He has some doubt if/that hell attend the meeting.正:He has some doubt whether hell attend the meeting.分析:此处doubt为名词,且句子为肯定句,只能用whether引导(同位语从句),不可用if。在否定句和疑问句中,doubt(名词)后接that引导的从句。当doubt为动词时,其后可接if或whether引导的宾语从句。,in doub
33、t怀疑的;不确定的without (a) doubt无疑地;确实地no doubt确定地;必定地,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,4.All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal,natural gas and oil to produce energy.(P26)所有的科学家都支持这种观点
34、:地球温度升高是由于燃烧煤、天然气和石油等化石燃料来获取能量而引起的。剖析此句中that引导一个同位语从句,解释说明view的具体内容。其先行词常为fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,opinion,belief,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,question等。The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.大约下午两点钟传来会议将被延期的通知。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,They
35、were delighted at the fact that he didnt steal the money.他们对他没有偷钱这一事实感到高兴。There is some doubt among people whether he is up to the job.人们怀疑他是否能胜任这份工作。考点subscribe to 同意;赞成He did not subscribe to my suggestion.他不同意我的提议。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出subscribe to的其他意义。He subscribed to the magazine.他订阅了那
36、本杂志。意义 订购,订阅I was unwilling to subscribe to the contract,but it seemed that I had no choice.我不愿在合同上签字,可又似乎别无选择。意义 签名,签字He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund.他向救济基金会捐赠巨资。意义 捐赠,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,误:He has subscribed the new magazine.正:He has subscribed to the new magazine.分析:表示“预订(报纸、杂志、词典)”时,subs
37、cribe后可接介词to,但不能直接把subscribe作及物动词用。,subscribe to 订阅;同意,赞成;签名,签字subscribe a large sum (of money) to.捐赠给(一大笔钱),1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5.It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.(P26)它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中,从而引起全球气温上
38、升。考点一tend vi.趋向;易于;照顾【高考典句】(2015课标全国高考)People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.吃饭慢的人易比那些匆忙吃饭的人每餐少摄入大约70卡路里的热量。【高考典句】Women tend to be social in their behaviour.They often share with others.女性易于进行社交活动。她们经常与别人分享。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
39、,考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出tend或其名词形式的短语和意义。Janet tends to get angry if you ask her such stupid questions.如果你问珍妮特这种愚蠢的问题的话,她会生气的。短语 tend to do sth.意义 易于做某事;往往会做某事Im tending towards your plan rather than his.你和他的两份计划中,我倾向于你的那份。短语 tend to/towards sth.意义 倾向于;趋于Mom was always busy tending (to) my sisters during the
40、night.妈妈在夜里总是忙于照料我的妹妹们。短语 tend (to) sb.意义 照料/护理某人She has a tendency to think that everything is about her.她有一种倾向,认为任何事都与她有关。短语 have a tendency to do sth.意义 倾向于做某事,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,tend to do sth.易于做某事;往往会做某事tend to/towards sth.倾向于;趋于tend (to) sb./sth.照料/护理某人/某物have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事,1,2,3,4
41、,5,6,7,8,考点二go up上升;增长The prices of daily goods have gone up again recently.日常用品的物价最近又上涨了。考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会go的短语及意义。New factories are going up around our school.在我们学校附近正在兴建新工厂。短语 go up意义 兴建,建造起来This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.这也许能在一定程度上解释为什么即使这些
42、情况危险而人们却依然喜欢。短语 go in for意义 喜欢,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,As I watched several people go by,get into their cars and go off,I noticed an old man on a bicycle.我看到几个人经过,上了他们的车然后又离去,这时我注意到了一个骑自行车的老人。短语 go by意义 经过You do not have to rush,as you have a year to go through the project.你不必着急,因为你有一年的时间来完成这个项目。短语 go throu
43、gh意义 经历,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,go up上升;上涨,增加;建造起来go in for从事;喜欢go by经过;过去,(时间等)流逝go through 经历;穿过;仔细检查;(法律等)被通过,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,6.that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.(P26)导致了二氧化碳的增加。考点result in导致;造成的结果【高考典句】(2015江苏高考).the production,distribution,and use of p
44、roductsas well as management of the resulting wasteall result in greenhouse gas release.产品的生产、分配和使用,以及对所产生的废弃物的管理,都导致了温室气体的排放。But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.但是设计师Mikhail Belvacv不认为外出前忘记看天气预报会
45、导致你被淋湿。,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出result的其他短语和意义。One limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.这个研究的一个限制是它无法确定人们的认知和理解能力的改变是否是多重任务导致的。短语 as a result of意义 由于,作为的结果He didnt work hard,as a result,
46、he failed his exam.他不用功,结果考试不及格。短语 as a result意义 结果,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,2)辨析 result from/result inresult from意为“是的结果;由于”,其主语表示结果,介词from的宾语则表示原因,主语的结果是由宾语的原因引起的。result in意指“结果是;导致;结果造成”,其主语表示原因,介词in的宾语则表示结果,主语的原因导致或造成了宾语的结果。We all believe that success results from hard work.我们都坚信成功来自于努力工作。The accident re
47、sulted in the death of two passengers.这场事故造成两名乘客死亡。,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,result from 由造成;因而产生result in 导致;造成的结果(以上为动词短语)as a result 结果as a result of由于,作为的结果(以上为介词短语),5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,7.In fact,Hambley states.(P27)实际上,汉布利声明考点state v.陈述;声明He has publicly stated his support for the policy.他已公开声明支持那项政策。It is stated that all the people in the accident were killed.有人宣布事故中的所有人员都死了。考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会画线单词的词性及含义。Chocolate helps improve the state of mind.巧克力有助于改善心态。词性 名词含义 状态,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,
